1、专题四 完形填空,完形填空是一种综合性很强的英语测试题型,是中考必考的题型。它起点高,容量大,涉及的知识面广,灵活性强。它既考查了考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力、分析判断能力和语言运用能力,又考查了考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型以及固定搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力。试题特点也逐渐出现了“情景推理多,语法选项少”的趋势。,中考对完形填空的考查重点是: (1)词汇。考查的内容有名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、动词以及词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等。 (2)语法。考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态、语态,主谓一致,动词不定式,动词-ing形式的
2、用法等。 (3)句型。考查我们在学习过程中接触到的各种特殊句型。 (4)结构。考查文章中简单句的基本类型,以及句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间和上下文之间的逻辑关系。 也就是说,完形填空题是在整体感知短文内容的基础上,着重对语法、固定用法及习惯用语的考查。 考查的方式:选择型完形填空。,题型,题型选择型完形填空 1.通读全文,掌握大意 做题前,应将短文从头到尾跳过空格快速通读一遍,了解其大意。切忌在未把握文章大意前便匆匆地逐项对空格选填。边读边填会打断阅读的思路,影响对全文大意的了解,其结果是“只见树木,不见森林”,势必无法从整体上把握全文概要,造成顾此失彼,既影响准确率,又影响做题速度。阅读的
3、同时,注意弄清文章的体裁,是记叙文、议论文、说明文还是夹叙夹议文等。还要弄清楚文章的题材,是科普小品文、人物传记、新闻报道、寓言故事、科普文章还是文化小品文等。要了解短文的主要内容,就要基本把握文章的中心意思,抓住主题句,对空格位置的词语进行分析和判断,以便理顺思路,为后面的答题做好充分的准备。,题型,2.细读首尾,推测意图 文章的首句(段)是观察全文的“窗口”。尾句(段)是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔,会带给我们许多启示。所以抓住文章的首句(段)和尾句(段),对把握文章的主旨大意有很大的帮助。因此我们要仔细阅读文章的首句(段)和尾句(段),这样我们不仅可以得到重要的信息而且可以据此推测出作者的
4、意图。,题型,3.紧扣文意,灵活答题 (1)根据空格处的语言信息,从上下文中直接找出答案。 (2)紧紧围绕中心意思,对各小题的各个选项逐一分析判断,应用正确的方法,选择最佳答案。 (3)根据文章及结构,边读边填空。能够立刻确定正确答案的,不必再去验证。 (4)先易后难。切忌长时间停留在一题上,既浪费时间,又容易干扰对整篇文章的正确理解。一般情况下,将大部分题做完后,少数难题便可迎刃而解。 (5)根据短文的主题及中心思想,领会短文的精神实质,综合思考,推断出正确答案。此类试题空格一般出现在短文的末尾,用来概括人物个性特点、作者意图、全文主题等。,题型,4.前后照应,综合分析 对一时难以确定答案的
5、空格,可根据其位置,从语法结构、词语意义及搭配、习惯用法和上下文关系等方面分析。“前后照应”是确定答案的关键。首先细读空格所在的句子,再回顾上一句,兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两处空格,在初定答案时要“双管齐下”,在两处同时试选答案。然后通读全句,确定答案。在选定答案时应从以下几个方面考虑: (1)所选词或短语是否符合本句内容,使上下文连贯和谐,与全文意义相协调。 (2)所选词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。 (3)所选词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。,题型,(4)所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求,如有些动词后面只接动词-ing形式而不能接不定式。 (5)如果所选词是连词,应从句子结构
6、和上下文意义确定用连接副词还是连接代词。 (6)如果选项是关系词,应根据定语从句所修饰的先行词和关系词在定语从句中的地位和作用确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词,用which还是that。 (7)借助常识及所学过的科学、文学、历史、地理、天文等非语言知识。 (8)凭借语感。,题型,5.充分运用逻辑推理 有时候四个选项在语法上或语言习惯上都没有明显的错误。在这种情况下,可充分运用逻辑推理,从以下四个方面对选项进行分析,从而确定正确答案。 (1)围绕文章的中心意思,根据前后句及上下文以及段落之间的逻辑关系推理判断。特别要注意那些表示转折或承上启下的连词和副词。 (2)根据故事情节的发展、人物的性格、文
7、章的深层含义做进一步推断。 (3)根据自己的常识及经验以及对某些方面知识的了解来进行判断。 (4)根据词语本身含义的差异或其在句子中的作用及用法的不同进行判断推理。,题型,6.复读全文,验证答案 把填好的短文通读一遍,将不合题意的答案进行调整或修改;如果实在无法确定,可以作推理性猜测,不可放弃不填。进行核查时注意以下三点: (1)上下文的一致性:时态、语态的一致;代词、名词、单复数的一致。 (2)语法和习惯用法及习惯搭配。 (3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。,题型,【归纳】做完形填空题要遵循下面的解题要诀: 完形填空考能力,具有较高失分率。 难度深度都较大,解题方法要注意。 通读全文知大
8、意,特别注意首尾句。 逐题逐空细推敲,较难空格越过去。 注意个别和整体,不要单个搞孤立。 固定搭配要知晓,习惯用法别忘记。 同义近义细区分,用法不同细辨异。 还要注意细推理,前后一定合逻辑。 字斟句酌攻难关,最后检验别忘记。 答案代入原句中,是否通顺看仔细。 每句是否合语法,合乎语法看句意。 英美习俗要遵守,注意中西之差异。 努力学习在平时,做好完形填空题。,题型,典例 (2017安徽) Bike-sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities.It is good to the 1 development of the big cit
9、ies. A 2 by a company found that shared bikes started the nations 3 for bikes again.Now more and more Chinese people are 4 bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.,1.A.slow B.healthy C.harmful D.sudden 2.A.rule B.plan C.report D.suggestion 3.A.search B.worry C.preparation D.love 4.A.c
10、hoosing B.pushing C.repairing D.locking,答案,解析,题型,An engineer of that company says that since the 5 of shared bikes,people have made fewer trips by car.The love for shared bikes is not only among 6 people,who were born in the 1980s and 1990s,but also among people over sixty.,5.A.end B.start C.control
11、 D.fall 6.A.strong B.weak C.old D.young,答案,解析,题型,At weekends,the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the 7 of all cities.On weekdays,the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to work is 8 in Shanghai.,7.A.top B.side C.corner D.line 8.A.coming over B.putting off C.going up D.giving awa
12、y,答案,解析,题型,It is said that bike-sharing will help 9 the cities environment.It not only helps solve the traffic problems,but also will help to make more use of 10 in cities.Take Beijing as an example,if more people choose shared bikes,an area of five Birds Nest stadiums (体育场)will be saved.,9.A.discov
13、er B.separate C.experience D.improve 10.A.air B.time C.space D.money,答案,解析,题型,题型,1.A.breakfast B.lunch C.supper D.dinner 答案:A 2.A.working B.climbing C.living D.separating 答案:C 3.A.kept B.rushed C.pointed D.found 答案:B,题型,4.A.beat B.ask C.hate D.miss 答案:D 5.A.Why B.Who C.When D.Where 答案:C,题型,“Ive told
14、 you hundreds of times.Mum will be back in two months.We will live together again then.Mum always loves her 6 and she wants to take the chance to meet more clients(客户),” Dad explained,“And her boss told her that she might become the manager.Are you 7 ?”,6.A.housework B.garden C.job D.trousers 答案:C 7
15、.A.happy B.healthy C.honest D.strict 答案:A,题型,“Not at all.Is work more important than me?” asked Vincent. “No,of course not.You are the most important to Mum and Dad, 8 we have to work.You will understand us when you grow up,” said Dad as he 9 at the school gate. Vincent got out of the 10 .Dad drove
16、off,going back to his office.,8.A.or B.because C.after D.but 答案:D 9.A.moved B.stopped C.met D.shouted 答案:B 10.A.house B.office C.school D.car 答案:D,B (2017山东枣庄) People once went hungry.A rich man who made bread and cakes sent for twenty of the 1 children in the town,and told them to take a loaf(条)of
17、bread from a 2 every day till the hard days passed.,题型,1.A.kindest B.smartest C.poorest D.thinnest 答案:C 解析:kindest “最善良的”;smartest “最聪明的”;poorest “最穷的”;thinnest “最瘦的”。由后面的“till the hard days passed”可知指“最穷的”。故选C项。 2.A.bowl B.basket C.kitchen D.fridge 答案:B 解析:bowl “碗”;basket“篮子”;kitchen “厨房”;fridge“冰箱
18、”。根据第三段中的“which alone was left in the basket”可知选B项。,题型,The hungry children came together 3 ,and argued for the bread,because each wished to have the largest one.Finally they went away without even thanking the good gentleman.,3.A.luckily B.proudly C.silently D.excitedly 答案:D 解析:luckily “不幸地”;proudly
19、“骄傲地”;silently “沉默地”;excitedly“兴奋地”。根据上文及后面的“argued for the bread”可知他们是兴奋地聚到一起的,故选D项。,题型,But Gretchen,a poorly-dressed little girl,did not argue or 4 with the rest,but remained standing quietly far away from them. 5 the bad-mannered children left,she took the smallest bread,which alone was left in t
20、he basket,kissed the gentlemans hand,and went home.,4.A.fight B.playC.talk D.jump 答案:A 解析:fight“打架”;play “玩”;talk “交谈”;jump“跳”。根据前面的“argue or”可知选A项。 5.A.If B.When C.Because D.Unless 答案:B 解析:根据小女孩拿的是剩下的最小的面包,可知是在其他孩子离开后她才去拿的面包。故选B项。,题型,The next day the children were as bad-mannered as before,and poor
21、,shy Gretchen 6 a loaf even smaller than the one she got the first day.When she came home,her mother cut the loaf open.Many new shining pieces of 7 fell out of it.,6.A.brought B.tasted C.received D.noticed 答案:C 解析:句意:第二天,那些孩子和以前一样粗鲁,贫穷而害羞的Gretchen只得到了一条比第一天还小的面包。结合句意,故选C项。 7.A.silver B.bread C.gold
22、D.glass 答案:A 解析:silver “银币”;bread “面包”;gold“金子”;glass“玻璃”。根据后文中的“I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.”可知是银币,故选A项。,题型,Her mother was very surprised and worried,and said,“Take the money back to the good gentleman at once,for it must have got into the dough(生面团) 8 mistake.Be
23、quick,Gretchen!Be quick!”,8.A.in B.on C.with D.by 答案:D 解析:by mistake“错误地”,固定短语,故选D项。,题型,But when the little girl gave the rich man her mothers 9 ,he said,“No,no,my child,it was not a mistake.I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you.Always be as satisfied,quiet,and 10 as you now
24、 are.Go home now,and tell your mother that the money is your own.”,9.A.thanks B.message C.wallet D.praise 答案:B 解析:根据上段妈妈说的话可知选B项。 10.A.thankful B.friendly C.lively D.lovely 答案:A 解析:thankful “感激的”;friendly “友好的”;lively “活泼的”;lovely“可爱的”。由第三段最后一句话可知,小女孩每次拿完面包后都会亲吻绅士的手对他表示感谢。所以小女孩是心存感恩的,故选A项。,C Jerry i
25、s the kind of guy you love to work and live with.He is always happy and always has something 1 to say.When someone asks him how he is doing,he must reply,“If I 2 any better,I would be twins!”,题型,1.A.positive B.negative C.strange D.sad 答案:A 解析:由前一分句“He is always happy (他总是很快乐)”可知“他总是说些积极的话”,故选A项。 2.A
26、.be B.is C.am D.were 答案:D 解析:从句意以及句子结构都可以看出此句是一个含有虚拟语气的句子。主句用的是would+动词原形,if虚拟从句应该用一般过去时。故选D项。,题型,Jerry is an 3 manager because he has several waiters who have followed him around from restaurant to restaurant.The reason the waiters follow him is his 4 to life.He always 5 others.If a waiter is havin
27、g a bad day,Jerry is there telling the waiter how to 6 the positive side of the situation.,题型,3.A.unlucky B.unhealthyC.unusual D.unpleasant 答案:C 解析:由后面的原因状语从句的句意(有几位服务员跟随他在很多家餐馆干过)可知他应是一位不平凡的经理,故选C项。 4.A.attitude B.ticket C.answer D.habit 答案:A 解析:由整篇文章谈论杰里对生活的积极乐观的态度可知,此处填attitude。句意:这些服务员跟着杰里是因为他对生
28、活的态度。故选A项。 5.A.laughs at B.encourages C.annoys D.frustrates 答案:B 解析:由上文杰里对生活的积极乐观态度可知杰里总是鼓励他人,故选B项。 6.A.find B.make C.regard D.deal 答案:A 解析:句意:如果哪个服务员不走运了,杰里就会告诉他如何发现事情好的一面。故选A项。,题型,I was very curious(好奇的) about his positive attitude, 7 one day I went up to Jerry and asked him,“I dont get it!You are
29、 a positive person 8 .How do you do it?”,7.A.but B.because C.so D.though 答案:C 解析:句意:我对他的积极乐观态度很好奇, 有一天我去问他。前后两句是因果关系,故选C项。 8.A.at the time B.at times C.all the time D.by the time 答案:C 解析:由第一段第二句中的两个“always”可知此处填all the time,句意为“你总是一个积极乐观的人”,故选C项。,题型,Jerry replied,“Each morning I 9 and say to myself,
30、Jerry,you have two choices today.You can choose to be happy or you can choose to be unhappy.I choose to be happy.Each time something bad happens,I can choose to be a victim (牺牲品)or I can choose to learn from it.I choose to learn from it.”,9.A.wake up B.stand up C.cheer up D.think up 答案:A 解析:wake up
31、“醒来”;stand up “站起来”;cheer up “振作起来”;think up “想出”。句意:每天早上醒来后,我对自己说“杰里,今天你有两个选择”。,题型,Life is all about choices.Please remember:“You are what you 10 .”,10.A.born B.choose C.Learn D.say 答案:B 解析:由前一句“Life is all about choices.”可推知句意为“请记住:你就是你的选择。”故选B项。,题型,D Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind
32、 their house.As they were working,a couple of older boys stopped to 1 . “What are you doing?” asked one of the 2 .,1.A.report B.dig C.watch D.compare 答案:C 解析:由下一句两个大孩子的问话可知他们停下来“观看”(两兄弟挖洞)。 2.A.visitors B.workers C.sisters D.owners 答案:A 解析:由下一句两兄弟的回答可知提问的是其中一位“参观者”。,题型,“We plan to dig a hole all the
33、 way through the earth!” one of the brothers answered. The older boys began to laugh,telling the brothers that digging a hole all through the earth was 3 .,3.A.amazing B.harmful C.exciting D.impossible 答案:D 解析:由前半句“The older boys began to laugh.”可以推断出他们认为挖一个穿透地球的洞是“不可能的”。,题型,After a long silence,one
34、 of the diggers 4 a box full of different kinds of insects.He 5 the wonderful things to the visitors.Then he said quietly,“ 6 we dont dig all the way through the earth,look at what weve found!”,4.A.checked B.lifted C.hid D.protected 答案:B 解析:其中一个挖洞的孩子“举起”一个盒子。lift“举起”,check“检查”,hide“藏”,protect“保护”。 5
35、.A.showed B.sold C.threw D.offered 答案:A 解析:他将这些神奇的东西“展示”给参观者看。show“展示”。 6.A.Though B.If C.Because D.Unless 答案:A 解析:虽然“我们”没能挖通地球,但是看看“我们”找到的东西!though“虽然”。,题型,Their goal was too hard to reach,but it did cause them to dig.And that is what a goal is 7 to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen.
36、,7.A.like B.for C.with D.at 答案:B 解析:由破折号后面的“.to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen.”可知此处指目标是“为了”什么。for表示目的。,题型,Not every goal will be fully 8 .Not every job will end successfully.Not every dream will be realized.But when you fail,perhaps you can say,“Yes,but look at what Ive found alon
37、g the way!Look at the 9 things that have come into my life because I try to do something!”,8.A.changed B.achieved C.introduced D.provided 答案:B 解析:此句和它后面两句是并列的,由后面两句可知该句指目标并不总能“实现”。 9.A.painful B.embarrassing C.expected D.wonderful 答案:D 解析:由上文提到的“.a box full of different kinds of insects.”和“the wonde
38、rful things”可以推断出此句指看看“我”努力做事给“我”的生活带来的“精彩的”东西。,E “Do you like my dress?” a little girl asked a passing stranger.“My mommy made it just for me,” she said with tears in her eyes. “Well,I think its very beautiful, 1 why are you crying?” asked the woman. The little girl answered,“After Mommy made me th
39、is dress,she had to go away.Daddy said that shes up in heaven(天堂) 2 Grandfather.”,题型,1.A.and B.but C.or D.though 答案:B 解析:“衣服很漂亮”和“小女孩哭”是转折关系,故填but。 2.A.to B.for C.of D.with 答案:D 解析:由上一句中的go away可推断女孩的妈妈去了天堂,和小女孩的爷爷在一起。介词with表示“同在一起”。,题型,The woman realized what the child meant and why she was crying.
40、She held the child in her 3 and together they cried for the mommy that was gone. Then suddenly,the little girl did something 4 .She stopped crying,and began to sing.It was the sweetest sound the woman had ever heard,almost like the song of a very small bird.,3.A.arms B.eyes C.shoulders D.cars 答案:A 解
41、析:知道了小女孩的不幸遭遇后,那位女士把小女孩搂在怀里。hold someone in arms表示“把某人搂在怀里”。 4.A.creative B.wrong C.strange D.important 答案:C 解析:由下一句“She stopped crying,and began to sing.”可知在那位女士看来是很“奇怪的”举动。,题型,After the child stopped 5 ,she explained to the woman,“Mommy taught me the song before she went away.And she made me promi
42、se to sing it whenever I 6 crying.She said it would make me stop.You see,now my eyes are dry.” As the woman turned to go,the little girl said to her,“Madam,can you wait just a minute?I want to show you 7 .” “Of course,” answered the woman.“What do you want me to see?”,题型,5.A.singing B.crying C.eatin
43、g D.walking 答案:A 解析:由上一段的内容可知小女孩不再哭泣并开始唱歌,该段承接上文,指小女孩停止“唱歌”。 6.A.started B.stopped C.liked D.hated 答案:A 解析:由上文内容可知,小女孩的妈妈希望每当她“开始”哭的时候都能唱那首歌。 7.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 答案:B 解析:小女孩让那位女士等一下再走,因为她想给她看“某样东西”。 something意为“某物”。,题型,Pointing to a spot(斑点)on her dress,the little girl sa
44、id,“Right here is 8 Mommy kissed my dress,and here is another kiss,and here,and here.Mommy said that she put all those 9 on my dress so that I would have her love with me.” Then the woman 10 that she no longer saw a little girl in a simple dress.She saw a child wrapped(包裹)in her mothers love.,题型,8.A.what B.when C.why D.where 答案:D 解析:句意:这里就是妈妈吻我衣服的地方,因此,此处填 where。 9.A.colors B.letters C.kisses D.flowers 答案:C 解析:由上一句中的 kissed 和 another kiss可知该空填kisses。 10.A.hoped B.decided C.realized D.explained 答案:C 解析:妈妈在小女孩衣服上留下的吻使那位女士“意识”到那件衣服不是普通的衣服,而是饱含了母爱的衣服。,
