1、第 11 讲 八年级( 下)Units 3 41borrow(v.) _lend _(反义词 )借出2waste(v.)_wasted_(adj.)浪费的3stress( n.) _stressful_(adj.)有压力的4develop(v.) _development_(n.)发展5fair(adj.) _fairness_(n.)公正性_unfair_( adj.反义词) 不公平的6ill( adj.)_illness_( n.)病7independent(adj.)_independence_(n.)独立8communicate(v.)_communication_(n.) 交流；沟通
2、9clear(adj.)_clearly_(ad v.)清楚地10compete(v.)_competition_(n.) 竞争11type( n.)_typical_(adj.)典型的12usual(adj.)_unusual_(adj .反义词) 不寻常的_usually_( adv.)通常1_take_ _out_ the rubbish 倒垃圾2_sweep _ the floor 扫地3_make_ the bed 铺床4_all_ the time 频繁；反复5_as_ _soon_ _as_ 一就；尽快6in _order_ _to_ 目的是；为了7_depend_ on 依靠；
3、信赖8take _care_ of 照顾；处理9_big_ _deal_ 重要的事10look _through_ 浏览；快速查看11work _out_ 解决；成功地发展12get on (well) _with_ 和睦相处；关系良好13argue _with_ sb. 和某人吵架14give sth._back_ to sb.把某物归还给某人15_offer_ to do sth. 主动做某事16_communicate _ with 与交流17_compete_ with sb. 与某人竞争18_cut_ out 删除；删去19not._until_.直到才20compare._ wit
4、h_. 比较；对比21in ones _opinion_ 依看22get into a _fight_ _with_ sb. 和某人打架1Could I _at_ _least_ finish _watching_ this show？我至少看完这个节目行吗？2She _wont_ _be_ happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这样不整洁，她会不高兴的。3She didnt do any housework and _neither_ _did_ I她没有做家务活，我也没有做。4Could I use your computer？我能用一下你的电脑吗？Sorry.
5、Im going to _work_ _on_ _it_ now.对不起 ，我现在要用它工作。5My mom came over _as_ _soon_ _as_ I sat down in front of the TV.我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。6Children these days _depend_ _on_ their parents too much.如今的孩子们依赖父母亲太多。7_The _ _earlier_ kids learn to be independent _the_ _better_ it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们
6、的未来就越好。8My parents dont _allow_ me to _hang_ _out_ with my friends.我父母不允许我和朋友们一起出去闲逛。9_Why_ _dont_ _you_ go to sleep earlier this evening？为什么今晚你不早点儿去睡呢？10I found my sister _looking_ _through_ my things yesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹翻阅我的东西。11_Although_ shes wrong，its not a _big_ _deal尽管她不对，但这也不是什么大不了的事。12My prob
7、lem is that I cant _get_ _on_ _with_ my family.我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。13_Instead_，he watches _whatever_ he wants until late at night.相反，晚上无论他想看什么就看到很晚。14You should _explain_ that you dont _mind_ him _watching_ TV all the time.你应该说明你不介意他总是看电视。15You are _afraid_ _of_ speaking _in_ _front_ _of_ people.你害怕在人
8、们面前说话。16Your best friend doesnt trust you _any_ _more_你最好的朋友不再信任你。while【典例在线】I was taking a bath while my mother was preparing dinner.我妈妈准备晚餐的时候，我正在洗澡。Tom was watching TV while (he was) eating.汤姆边吃边看电视。【拓展精析】while 作从属连词，意为“当的时候；在期间” ，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间
9、一般较长。当 while 所引导的从句与主句的主语相同，且该从句的动词为 be 动词时，从句的主语和 be 动词有时可以省略。【活学活用】1)_C_ the children have fun，parents can take dancing lessons on the beach.(2014，安庆模拟)AThough BIf C While D Once2)It seems that you are happy，why?I met an old friend of mine while I _C_ on the street.(2014，黄山模拟)Awalks BwalkCwas walk
10、ing Dam walkingin order to【典例在线】In order to get a complete picture，further information is needed.为了掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料。【拓展精析】in order to 意为“目的是；为了” ，比单纯的 to do 更强调“目的” ，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式为 in order not to do。【活学活用】3)Many people give money to Project Hope _D_ help the poor children to go to school.Aas s
11、oon as Beven thoughCso that Din order tomind【典例在线】Do you mind if I open the window？我打开窗户，你会介意吗？Would you mind parking your car there？你介意把车子停到那边吗？Not at all.不介意。【拓展精析】mind 动词，意为“介意；在乎” ，后常接动名词作宾语， 不能接动词不定式。Would you mind.？是交际用语中表示 “请求”的常用句型，意为“你介意吗？”其肯定回答(即不介意对方做某事 )常用：Not at all./Certainly not./Of c
12、ourse not.等。否定回答(即介意对方做某事)常用：Im sorry，but./Im afraid you cant./Yes，youd better not 等。【活学活用】4)Would you mind _C_ the window？Its very hot.No，not at all.(2014，马鞍山模拟)Aopen Bto openCopening Dopened5)I want to put up the picture on the wall.Would you mind helping me with it?_B_With pleasure.(2014，江西)AOf c
13、ourse BOf course notCYoud better not DThanks a lotallow【典例在线】Who allowed you to leave the camp？谁允许你离开营地的？They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这个房间里抽烟。You are not allowed to smoke here.这里不允许吸烟。【拓展精析】allow 动词，意为“允许；准许” 。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
14、【活学活用】6)The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _C_ the icecream.(2014，重庆)Aeat Beats Cto eat Date7)In our school，boys are not _allowed_ (allow) to have long hair.as soon as【典例在线】The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。Well go to play basketball as soo
15、n as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【拓展精析】as soon as 意为 “一就” ，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。【活学活用】8)Henry will give us a report as soon as he _A_( 2014，合肥模拟)Aarrives BarrivedCis arriving Dwill arriveCould you please clean your room？请你打扫一下你的房间好吗？【典例在线】Could you pl
16、ease sweep the floor？请你打扫一下地板，好吗？Yes，of course.好的，当然可以。Would you please not open the door？请你不要开门，好吗？【拓展精析】could 不是 can 的过去式，而是表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，常用于请求帮助(第二人称) 或请求允许(第一人称) 的疑问句中。Could you please.？是一个婉转请求别人帮忙的句型，其后接动词原形。其肯定回答为：OK/Yes/Sure/Of course/No problem 等；否定回答有：Sorry/No，Im afraid not/Id love to ，but
17、.等。常见的表示委婉请求的方式还有：以 would 开头的句式用 wish/hope 提出请求用带 please 的祈使句提出请求注意：could/would you please 后面接动词原形，其否定形式是在动词原形前加 not。【活学活用】1)Could you help me put up the maps on the wall?_A_(2014，池州模拟)ANo problem BI hope soCThats all right DThats a good ideaShe did not do any housework and neither did I她没有做任何家务活，我也
18、没做。【典例在线】I didnt go to the park last Sunday.上周日我没去公园。Neither did I我也没去。They will play soccer tomorrow.他们明天去踢足球。So will we.我们也去踢。She knows little English.她英语懂得不多。So she does.她的确如此。【拓展精析】“Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词 /be主语”表示与上述否定情况相同。“So助动词/情态动词/be 主语 ”表示与上述肯定情况相同。“So主语助动词/ 情态动词/be”表示强调，即对前面所说的情况加以肯定。【活学活用】2)
19、I cant play the piano，and _A_(2013，黄石)Aneither can my sisterBmy sister cant，tooCso cant my sisterDcan my sister，either3)My grandma is used to living in the city._B_(2014，益阳)ASo my grandpa is BSo is my grandpaCSo my grandpa did DSo did my grandpaThe earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it
20、is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【典例在线】The more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。【拓展精析】“the比较级，the 比较级”意思是“越，越” 。“比较级and比较级”意思是“越来越” 。【活学活用】4)_ you are，_A_ mistakes you will make in the test.(2014，宣城模拟)AThe more careful；the
21、 fewerBThe more carefully；the fewerCThe more careful；the lessDThe more carefully；the less5)The weather is becoming _A_( 2014，兰州)Ahotter and hotter Bmore hot and hotChoter and hoter Dmore and more hotWhy dont you talk to your parents？你为什么不和你的父母交谈呢？【典例在线】Why dont you buy a suit for your husband？你为什么不给
22、你丈夫买一套西服呢？Why not learn some Chinese pop songs？为什么不学一些中国的流行歌曲？What/How about going for a walk？去散步怎么样？【拓展精析】Why dont you do sth.？Why not do sth.？是提建议的一种表达方式。类似的表达方式还有：What/How about doing sth.?Shall we do sth.?Lets do sth.Youd better do sth.其肯定答语为 Good idea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Sounds good！等；其否定答语为
23、Sorry，but.等。【活学活用】6)What should I get my mom for her birthday?Why _A_ get her a scarf？( 2013，贵阳)Adont you Bdo youCare you Ddidnt you7)Look！Its raining heavily！_A _ take a raincoat with you?Well，Ill take one right now.(2014，阜康)AWhy not BWhy dontCWould you mind DWould you likeborrow，lend，keep【典例在线】I b
24、orrowed a book from Jack yesterday.昨天我从杰克那里借了本书。Jack lent me a book yesterday./Jack lent a book to me yesterday.昨天杰克借给我一本书。How long can I keep the book？这本书我可以借用多长时间？【拓展精析】borrow 指“借入 ”或“借他人的东西供自己使用 ”。固定短语 borrow sth.from sb.意为“向某人借某物” 。lend 指“(把自己的东西)借出 ”。固定短语 lend sb.sth.或 lend sth.to sb.意为“借给某人某物”
25、 。keep 意为“保存；保留” ，可引申为“借用” ，此时常与一段时间或 how long 等连用。【活学活用】1)Jim，can I _borrow_ your car?Sorry，I _lent _ it to Steven just now.How long will he _keep_ it?Two days.provide，offer【典例在线】They provided the children with good food and clothing.他们给孩子们提供了良好的衣服食物。The manager offers a job to me in his company.那个
26、经理在他的公司里给我提供了一份工作。【拓展精析】provide 意为“ 提供；供应” ，常用于 provide sb.with sth.或 provide sth.for sb.固定搭配中。offer 意为“提供；给予” ，常用于 offer sb.sth.或 offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。另 offer to do sth.意为“(主动提出)做某事 ”。【活学活用】2)That company _provided_ (提供) us with 3，000 dollars in 2012.(2013，黄冈)3)Parents often _ their children _D_ s
27、ome good advice.(2014，兰州)Aoffer；with Boffer；/Cprovide ；with Dboth B and Cinstead，instead of，rather than【典例在线】Last summer I went to Qingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将改去大连。We should do something instead of just talking about it. We should do something rather than just talk
28、 about it.我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。【拓展精析】instead 作副词，意为“代替；而不是” ，常位于句首或句末。instead of 和 rather than 都可以表示“而不是” ，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of 后接 v.ing，rather than 后常接动词原形。【活学活用】4)If youre busy，you may come another day _instead_5)He would play computer games _rather_than_ do his homework.6)You shoul
29、d try your best to finish it _instead_of_ giving up.一、根据首字母及汉语提示完成单词。1_Whatever_ (无论什么) you say ，I wont believe you any more.(2014，合肥模拟)2He was too _nervous _ (紧张的) to say anything.3Mark lost one of his _fingers_ (手指) in that accident.4Some middle school students cant get enough sleep under the _pre
30、ssure_ (压力) of school work.5There are lots of black _clouds_ (云)Its going to rain.(2014，宣城模拟)6You should _return_ (归还 ) the books to the library in time.(2014，亳州模拟)7Li Ming _hates_ (讨厌) talk shows because he thinks they are boring.(2014，宿州模拟)8They stopped _arguing_ (争吵) when they saw the teacher wal
31、king into the classroom.9Here is a way to improve your _communication_ (沟通) skills.(2014，淮南模拟)10Mary began to watch TV after she _swept_ (打扫) the floor.二、单项选择。11Why dont you watch TV at home?Id love to，but my mother doesnt allow me _C_ that.(2014，呼和浩特)Ado Bdid Cto do Ddoing12Could I _C_ your iPad，Al
32、ice?Of course.Here you are.(2013，济南)Alend Bkeep Cborrow Creturn13I dont _B_ the heat，for Im used to hot weather.(2014，安徽)Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand14As a student ，we should study hard.Yes._ we study，_C_ results well get.(2014，益阳)AThe hard； the good B The harder；the bestCThe harder；the better DThe hard
33、；the better15Sir，could you please put out your cigarette？This is a smokefree (无烟的) school._A_(2013，菏泽)AIm sorry about this BNo problemCSure，Id love to DNever mind写作典例之烦恼与微笑(一)(2013，荆门)假如你是刘强，你在学校学生会里看到一项关于学生遇到的种种“烦恼”的调查。请你阅读以下 20 位学生填写的调查表，然后从中选择你认为最大的烦恼，并根据自己的实际经验或体会，给出建议。要求：1根据提示内容，选出一种烦恼，并给出建议。2逻
34、辑清楚，语句通顺，行文流畅，自由发挥，观点不限，无需标题。3文中不能以任何形式出现真实人名、校名和县(市) 区名及其他相关信息。4词数：100 左右。Problem SurveyProblems Numbers of studentsDo badly in lessons. 6Dont get on well with classmates. 5Feel lonely at school. 4Dont have much free time. 3Become fat. 2【范文欣赏】I am Liu Qiang.I think its not strange to have worries.S
35、ome students say they have become fat and that really makes them feel bad about themselves.I think this is one of the biggest worries for us.But I think we can do something about it.First，you could eat less.The body needs food for energy， but youll become fat if you eat more than your body needs.If
36、you eat less，the body can burn more calories than you eat.Second，do more exercise.Doing exercise can also help the body burn the calories and make you thinner.There are many ways to do exercise.For example，you could go to school on foot or by bike.Dont worry too much.I think you will become fit soon
37、.(二)(2014，绥化)微笑，是对他人表示友善和关爱，微笑可以给人激励，可以使人奋进，请你结合自己的经历谈谈在你的生活中谁的微笑打动了你，为什么他/她的微笑会打动你，你有什么体会呢？参考词汇：encourage，self confidence (自信)，smile at【范文欣赏】Smiles are beautiful and important.A smile given to the right person at the right time can light that persons day.I was once moved by a smile from my friend.T
38、hree years ago，when I made a speech on my first day of class，I was so nervous that I couldnt say a word.Tony，one of my classmates，sitting in the front row，smiled at me and spoke in a low voice， “Yes，you can.”I was greatly encouraged by his smile.His smile was important because it gave me selfconfidence.I will never forget my friends smile because Ive learned that something so simple can make a big difference.,请完成考点跟踪突破 11 )
