1、学优中考网 2010 年中考英语复习课本知识整理七年级下Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from ？【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from9. do ones homework 10. do the shopping11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17.
2、have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper21. listen to 22. notat all 23. putaway24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm 30. in a factoryII. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.?3.
3、would like sth. 4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交际用语 1. Thanks very much! Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so. I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juic
4、e, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport?10. Dont worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs. We /
5、They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow? -Its Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from? -From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs? -Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) -
6、No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的
7、构成和用法；4动词 have 的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【课文讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right 意为“对的” ，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：“I think we must help the old man.“我想我们应该帮助这位老人。“Thats right.“或 “Youre right.“说得对“。Thats all right.意为“不用谢”、 “没关系” ，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：“Many thanks.“ “That
8、s all right.“Sorry. Its broken.“ “Thats all right.“All right.意为“ 行了” 、 “可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”“Please tell me about it.“ “请把此事告诉我。 “All right.“好吧。“Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做” ，但含义却不同，不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西，do 指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doi
9、ng his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、 “说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说， “我要坐汽车到那里去。 ”Please say it in English .请用英语说。speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I dont like to speak like th
10、is. 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一
11、般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎学优中考网 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingIf the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you.（2009 兰州中考）A.is answered, other B.answers, other C.is answered,
12、another D.answers, another【答案】C【解析】考查语态和不定代词的用法。主语是物应用被动语态，排除 B、D；other 可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“ 其他的（人或物） ”。another 既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为 “在树上“但英语中有区别。 in the tree 表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示
13、树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用 on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any (1)some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glas
14、s.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用 some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用 tall，不用 high，例如 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女a tall horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用 high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机
15、在空中这么高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要 tall 或 high 都可以，不过 high 的程度比 tall 高。 (4)high 可作副词，tall 不能。 (5)tall 的反义词为 short, high 的反义词为 low.10. can/ could(1) can 表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力“ 。例如：Can you ride a bike？ 你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you？ 要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2) can 用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的“ 怀疑“猜测“或不肯定。例如：
16、Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？It surely cant be six oclock already？不可能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中，can 可代替 may 表示“允许“，may 比较正式。例如：You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔
17、吗？- Of course，you can.当然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can 的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中） 。例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可
18、能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？学优中考网 Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4) can 的形式只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用 be able to 加动词不定式来表示。例如：Th
19、ey have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。【典型考题】 Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall? No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.（2009 泰安）A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。表示肯定的推测，cant 表示怀疑、猜测、惊异（主要用于否定句或疑问句中） 。故选 D。11. look for/ findlook for 意为“寻找” ，而 f
20、ind 意为“ 找到，发现”，前者强调 “找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找” 的结果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he cant find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉” ；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are
21、sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示 “经常“，sometimes 表示“有时候“ ，在表示发生频率上 often 要高于usually，usually 要高于 sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be 动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我们通
22、常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。14. How much/ How manyhow much 常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是 How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？how much 后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many 后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you wan
23、t? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示“对有好处 “，而 be bad for 表示“对有害“ ；be good to 表示“ 对友好“，而 be bad to 表示“ 对不好“；be good at 表示“擅长，在方面做得好“，而 be bad at 表示“在方面做得不好“。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Eating too
24、 much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。16. each/ everyeach 和 every 都有“ 每一个“的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each 从个体着眼，every 从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every 只用于三者或三者以上。We each h
25、ave a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each 可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every 只能用作形容词。Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。【语法详解】一、一般现在时的用法1.表示经常发生的动作。如：We go to school at seven
26、 every day. 我们每天七点钟上学。 2.说明目前存在的情况或状态。如：There are some students in the classroom. 教室有几个学生。 3.表示主语的习惯、能力、职业、特征等。如: Lucy speaks English very well. 露西英语说得很好。 Miss Gao teaches English。高小姐教英语。 My father get up very early.我父亲起得很早。 4.说明不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍。 The earth moves round the sun.地球绕太阳旋转。 Time and tide wa
27、it for no man.时不我待。 学优中考网 1.有时在现在的状态时，可与 now 连用。如：Its Li Mings turn now.现在该轮到李明了。What time is it now？现在几点了？ 2.表示往常或习惯性发生的动作时，常与 often、usually、sometimes(有时)seldom(不常)等频度副词连用，其位置是在行为动词之前（有时强调时位于句首）be 动词之后。如： He often goes to bed at ten oclock. 他经常十点钟睡觉。Sometimes I get up at five。有时我五点钟起床。 3.表示习惯性或经常性发
28、生的动作时，可以与 every day(week, morning, evening, afternoon) 每天（每天星期，每天早上上午，每天晚上，每天下午）或 in the morning(afternoon, evening)在早上上午（在下午，在晚上）等时间状语连用。如： He walks to school every day. 他每天步行去上学。They go to school at seven in the morning。 他们早上七点钟去上学现在进行时的用法一，现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由“be+v-ing“构成。be 应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保
29、持一致。 二，现在进行时的应用 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：(1)当句子中有 now 时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以 look, listen 开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！ She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有 this week, these days 等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： We are making model
30、planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 三，现在进行时的变化 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+ 其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分
31、词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。【中考连线】1. -Hurry up! Were all waiting for you.-I _ for an important phone call. Go without me.A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。2. Could you help _ with _ English, please?A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I【解
32、析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格 me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词 my。3. Dr. White can _ French very well.A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词 speak。4. English is spoken by _ people.A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有 a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词 people。The population
33、 of the world _ still _ now. A. has; grown B.is; growing C.will; grow D.is; grown 2【答案】B【解析】考查时态的用法。句意为：世界人口仍在增长。表示现在正在进行的动作，故应选 B。If people _ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere _.A.keep, to live in B.will keep, to live in C.keep, to live D.will keep, to live【答案】C【解析】考查时态和动词的用法。条件状语从句中用
34、一般现在时表示将来，首先排除B、D；live 可作及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词后接介词再接地点名词，而本题则应用及物动词。故选 C。单元测试题汉译英1来自_2笔友_学优中考网 3住在纽约_4说日语_5最喜欢的科目_6在十一月_7去看电影_8太难_9给我写信_10告诉我关于你自己的情况_根据国家的名称单词，选择相应的国旗1the United States( )2China( )3Canada( )4Australia( )5the United Kingdom( )根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1What I _ does your uncle speak?2I think China i
35、s a very i_ country3My favorite s_ is PE4Can you w_ to me soon?5I dont like mathIts too d_6My uncle l_ in Sydney7He is from Japan ，and he speaks J_8Where is Sydney?Its in A_9I think China is a very interesting C_10Please write and tell me about y_用所给词的适当形式填空1We dont want to _ (play)soccer now2Does s
36、he speak _ (Japan)?3I like _ (go)to the movies and _ (play)sports with my friends4_ (be)they from Canada?5We have fun _ (play)computer games6_ she _ (speak)English?Yes，she does7whats _ (she)favorite subject?8My little brother can _ (speak)a little English9These books are _ (Tom)10Mike _ (not watch)T
37、V every day单项填空( )1You can put the coat _ thereAon Bat Cin D( )2My favorite _ is ChinaAcity Bsubject Ccountry Dlanguage( )3Andrew _ a pen palHe _ Singapore Ahas，in Bhas，is atChave ，is from Dhas ，comes from( )4Do you like math?No，because its _ difficult for meAtoo Bvery Cnot Dto( )5Is your cousin fro
38、m England?_Shes from FranceAYes，she is BNo，she isntCYes，he is DNo ，he isnt( )6Is _ in the USA?Yes，it isAParis BNew York CTokyo DToronto( )7Can you speak Chinese，Mary?Yes，but only _Aa little Blittle Clots of Dmuch( )8_ do you like about China?Chinese people and the foodAWhat BWho CHow DWhen( )9Singap
39、ore and England are my two favorite _Afriends Bcities Ccountries Dteachers( )10I like apples and strawberries bestI like apples，tooBut I _ strawberriesAlike Bdislike Clove Dwant句型转换1English is his favorite subject(改为同义句)His _ is EnglishHe _ English _2Can you write a letter to him?(改为同义句)Can you _ _
40、_?3Nancy speaks English and French(对画线部分提问)_ _ _ Nancy speak?4Her brother lives in Beijing(对画线部分提问)_ _ her brother _?5Her favorite subject is Chinese(对画线部分提问)_ _ her favorite subject?完成句子1你的笔友来自哪儿?Where is your _ _ from?2你的爷爷住在哪儿?_ does your grandpa _?3他们来自澳大利亚。学优中考网 They are from _4吉娜说什么语言?_ _ does
41、 Gina speak?5你有兄弟姐妹吗?Do you have brothers _ _?6我想找一个中国 笔友。I want a pen pal _ _7我认为中国是一 个非常有趣的国家。I _ China is a very _ country8我喜欢踢足球和打篮球。I like _ soccer and _ basketball9你经常给你的朋友们写信吗?Do you often _ _ your friends?10请写信告诉我有关你自己的情况。Please _ and _ me _ _从方框中选出正确的答语( )1Is Marie your new pen pal?( )2What
42、 language do you speak?( )3Where is his pen pal from?( )4Where does Sam live?( )5Who is your math teacher?( )6Where is Tokyo?( )7Does Linda speak Chinese?( )8Why dont you like math?( )9Can he speak English?( )10Are you from Canada?完形填空Dear Bob，AHe lives in New YorkBIts in JapanCYes，she isDShe is fro
43、m AustraliaEYes，she speaks Chinese and EnglishFMy math teacher is Mrs GreenGI speak FrenchHYes ，he canINo，Im notJIts boringMy name is Zhang Jian，I want 1 your pen palI live in Beijing， 2 I think Canada is a very beautiful 3 Im 14 years old and my birthday is 4 SeptemberI can 5 a little EnglishI have 6 brothers or sistersI like to stay 7 my classmatesWe often play 8 after school，such as football，basketball，tennis and runningMy favorite 9 at school is EnglishI dont like mathI
