1、专题十二 非谓语动词易错清单1. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。不定式( 或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it” 来代替,称为形式主语,真正主语(不定式) 放在句尾。如:Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有:It
2、s difficult (important,necessary)for sb. to do.Its kind (good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)of sb. to do.(3)常用动名词作主语的句型有:Its no good (use,fun)doing.It is a waste of time.2. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别to do 停下来去做 做另一件事stopdoing 停止做 停止正做的事to do 忘记要去做某事 未做forgetdoing 忘记做过某事 已做过to do 记住去做 还
3、未做rememberdoing 记得做过 已做to do 对要做的事遗憾 未做regretdoing 对做过的事遗憾 已做to do 努力去做 未做trydoing 试着做to do 打算/想做meandoing 意味着to do 继续去做 做另外一件事情go ondoing 接着做 原先没做完的事They stopped to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经
4、关了灯了。Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?I regret to tell you that you cant pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。I regret disturbing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.请尽量在 30 分钟完成这项工作。
5、 Why didnt you try riding a bike to go to school?为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?I meant to give you this book today,but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。3. 动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have 等动词既可跟不带 to 的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补。跟不带 to 的不定式做宾补表事
6、情全过程或一次性动作; 跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。4. 现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)语态上不同: 现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。如:an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)the excited listeners 激动的听众 (被动,
7、即被引起激动的)a moving film 一部感动人的影片a moved audience 受感动的观众(2)时间关系上不同: 一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。如:the changing world 正在变化着的世界the changed world 已经起了变化的世界developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家5. have sb. do sth. ;have sb. doing;have sth. done 辨析(1)have sb. do sth.“have+sb. (宾语)+d
8、o sth. (宾语补足语) ”意为“让/ 叫/使某人做某事” 。此结构中的 have 是使役动词,sb. 作宾语,其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。(2)have sb. /sth. doing“have+sb. /sth. (宾语)+现在分词 (宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/ 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生” 。宾语 sb. /sth. 后面用现在分词作宾语补足语 ,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:Dont have th
9、e dog barking much.别让狗狂吠不停。(3)have sth. done“have+sth. (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语) ”意为“让/ 叫/使/请别人做某事” 。宾语 sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明 sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。如:He has had his hair cut. 他(请人给他)理发了。6. 含 doing 短语常见的有:have difficulty /trouble/problem/fun/a good time +(in)+doing; feel like doing =would like to do 想要做某事; s
10、pend time (in)doing sth 花费时间做某事; go+doing 表示“ 从事某项活动 ”; be busy doing 忙着做; make a contribution to doing 为作贡献;devote to doing 致力于; look forward to doing 期待; prefer doing to doing 两者更喜欢; be used to doing 习惯于提分策略1. 辨别谓与非谓先看四个选项:如果四个选项分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。【例 1】(2014江苏镇江8) Spring Bud P
11、roject is an organization that raises money poor young girls return to school. A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。句意:春蕾计划是一个筹钱帮助贫困女孩返回学校的组织。本句中 to help poor young girls 为动词不定式作目的状语。故选 D。【答案】D【例 2】(2013四川内江36)He hurried back home his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetchC. fetching
12、D. fetches【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。这里是用不定式作目的状语,构成:他匆忙回家去取书包。所以选择答案 B。【答案】B2. 熟记习惯搭配学习非谓语动词时,要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到有关问题就会迎刃而解。【例 1】(2014江苏扬州13)Some children cant afford necessary stationary. Lets donate our pocket money to them.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法
13、。afford 后面跟不定式;与 buy 连用,意为“买不起”。故选 C。【答案】C【例 2】(2014江苏淮安15)What bought joy to Linda just now? . A. Received a gift B. She received a giftC. Receiving a gift D. Because she received a gift.【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意和句子结构判断,收到礼物给琳达带来快乐,应该动名词短语做句子主语,所以排除 A、B、D 三项。故选 C。【答案】C专项训练1. (2014山东济南53)What an amazing
14、 woman Li Na is! Yes,she has got the second Grand Slam. She keeps . and never gives up. A. trying B. to try C. tried D. tries2. (2014江苏南通一模10) Sometimes,Jim feels stressed,but he doesnt know about it. He can get help from his teachers.A. who to talk B. when to talkC. who to talk to D. when to talk t
15、o3. (2014湖北鄂州 27)If people cutting down the forest,they will have nowhere . So we should do our best to protect the forests.A. keep;to live B. will keep;to live inC. keep;to live in D. will keep;to live4. ( 2014江苏东台 5) He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A. to stay
16、 B. stayed C. stays D. stay5. (2014贵州遵义36) Mike is learning a computer. A. how can he use B. how to useC. how he use 6. (2014湖北鄂州34)Lisa is a shy girl.Yeah,she prefers to . A. listen;give a speechB. listening;give a speechC. to listen;giving a speechD. listening;giving a speech7. (2013河南)Our English
17、 teacher does what he can us improve our English. A. help B. to helpC. helping D. helped8. (2013河南)Boys and girls,attention,please. Now let me tell you to the Bird Island. A. how to get B. what to getC. whom to get D. where to get9. (2013天津)Whenever you have a chance English,you should take it. A. s
18、peak B. to speakC. spoke D. speaks10. (2013安徽)Why are you so excited?Peter invited me on a trip to Yuntai Mountain. A. to go B. goC. going D. went11. (2013四川雅安)The book is well worth . I plan one. A. read;to buy B. reading;buying C. reading;to buy12. (2013四川自贡)Many students said that they were willi
19、ng to work hard to make their dreams true. A. come B. came C. comes13. (2013浙江杭州) When people want to relax themselves,they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers. A. watching;readB. watching;to readC. to watch;readD. to watch;reading14. (2013江苏南京)What bad weather it was! We decided . A
20、. to go outB. not to go outC. to not go outD. not going out15. (2013江苏苏州)It is very important for us English well. A. learn B. learningC. to learn D. learned参考答案与解析1. A 解析:考查动名词的用法。keep doing sth.(继续做某事) 是固定搭配。故选 A。2. C 解析:考查不定式短语的用法。疑问词加不定式构成不定式短语在句中作宾语,应该用talk to 与疑问代词 who 构成不定式短语,不能用疑问副词 when。故选
21、C。3. A 解析:考查动名词的用法。keep doing sth. (继续做某事)是固定搭配。该句是条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态。主句中之后用不定式作状语。故选 A。4. D 解析:考查不定式的用法。make sb do sth. (迫使某人做某事)是固定搭配。故选 D。5. B 解析:考查不定式短语的用法。learn how to do sth.(学会做某事)是固定搭配。故选 B。6. D 解析: 考查动名词的用法。prefer doing to doing sth.(宁愿做某事不愿做某事)是固定搭配。故选 D。7. B 解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。
22、根据句意“我们英语老师做他能够做的来帮助我们提高英语”,可知此题的谓语动词为 do, 因此应该用动词不定式作目的状语。因此选 B。此题容易把 can 看为谓语动词,因此错选 A。8. A 解析:考查含特殊疑问词的不定式。句意:“孩子们,请注意了。 现在让我告诉你怎么样去鸟岛。 ”因此选 A。9. B 解析:考查不定式短语作定语。have a chance to do sth,有机会做某事,后跟动词不定式。10. A 解析:考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。to do sth 作宾语补足语。故选 A。11. B 解析: 考查被动语态中的非谓语动词用法。动
23、词 hear 在主动语态中,后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾补,而变成被动语态后,to 必须加上。所以选择答案 B。12. B 解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。 decide 后接动词不定式,表示决定去做某事,故答案应选 B。13. D 解析:考查非谓语动词。make sb do 表示使某人做某事。句意为 :他丢失了钥匙,这使他在寒风中等待他妻子回来,故选 D。14. B 解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。构成 mind (not) doing sth. 意为“介意(不)做某事”,故选 B。15. C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:甚至 Tony 的孙女,一个 5 岁的女孩,也让他戒烟。ask sb to do sth,固定用法,让某人做某事。
