1、第 44 讲 完成句子A)根据汉语提示完成下列句子。( 每空限填一词)(2016,白银)1他父亲给了他一些远离吸烟的建议。His father gave him some advice to keep far from cigarettes.2除非有医院的证明,否则你必须参加体育测试。Youre required to take part in the PE.test unless you have a doctors note.3科比在他的 NBA 最后一战中尽力拿到了 60 分Kobe Bryant tried his best and dropped 60 points in his f
2、inal NBA game.4你今天所做的决定通常会影响你的将来。The choice you made today will usually affect your future.5我做志愿者是因为我不仅想去看看这个世界,还想让它变得更好。I volunteer because I not only want to see the world,but make a difference to it.B)句型转换。(2014,兰州)6Tom said , “We will go back tomorrow morning.”(改为间接引语)Tom said they would come ba
3、ck the next morning.7My father likes noodles better than rice.(改为同义句)My father prefers noodles to rice.8Frank moved to Lanzhou in_2010( 对画线部分提问)When did Frank move to Lanzhou?9I really dont know what I can do to help her out.(改为简单句 )I really dont know what to do to help her out.10Please take good ca
4、re of my pet,will/wont you?(改为反意疑问句)完成句子包含了对词汇、语法、句型等各方面的考查。它不仅考查考生的语言基本功,即对词汇的记忆和拼写能力及理解能力,还考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。纵观兰州近几年中考试题,对完成句子的考查有两种形式:句型转换;根据汉语提示完成句子。但随着“淡化语法”这一趋势的发展,甘肃各地的试题中逐步侧重于“根据汉语提示完成句子” 这一形式。按要求转换句型的解题技巧句型转换可分为以下几种形式:改为否定句、改为疑问句、改为同义句、改为被动语态,对画线部分提问等。解决该类题型有如下技巧:吃透原句。在答题时首先要弄清所给句子
5、的句型结构、主语的人称和数、谓语动词的形式以及全句的意思。明确要求。要看清题目的要求,弄懂题意,不要盲目动笔。对“症”下“ 药 ”。即针对不同的要求采用不同的方法。根据汉语提示完成句子的解题技巧熟记单词和词组。牢固的词汇基础是攻克此类题的关键。要熟悉各种句型。尤其对常用句型要做到熟记于心,脱口而出,只有这样才能对其灵活运用。要熟练掌握语法知识。只有具备扎实的语法知识才能写出正确的英文句子。那么,考试时如何才能做好各种翻译题呢?认真审题。要先分析所给的汉语句子,了解这个句子所要表达的意思,联想相关的英语词汇和句型。仔细推敲 , 考虑语法现象。在对句子进行翻译之前,要确定该句用什么时态、什么语态并
6、考虑人称和数的变化问题。理清思路 , 判断句子结构。要清楚句子缺的是什么成分,并且要注意某些复合句型的固定搭配,如:so.that., too.to.等。仔细检查。翻译完成后,要仔细核查。检查大小写、标点符号,以及单词的书写、时态、语态、词性、单复数等方面是否正确。【例 1】 根据所给汉语意思,用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。(2016,陕西)1我想邀请他参加我们的俱乐部。I want _ to join our club.2窗户旁边有一架钢琴。There is a piano _.3聚会结束时我唱了一首歌。I _ at the end of the party.4每当国旗升起时,我们都很激动。
7、We all feel very excited when the _ is being raised.5没有知识,你成功的可能性就会小一些。Without _,you may have little chance to achieve success.解析:1.want to do sth.是固定用法,意为“想做某事” ;空格处所缺文意为 “邀请他” ,invite 意为 “邀请” ,ask 也有“ 邀请” 的意思,him 是人称代词宾格,作 invite/ask 的宾语。2空格处所缺文意为“在窗户旁边”,window 意为“窗户”;by (the side of),next to,clos
8、e to,beside 都有“在旁边”的意思。3空格处所缺文意为“唱了一首歌”,sing a song 意为“唱一首歌” ;由“唱了”及 at the end of the party 可知事情发生在过去 ,句子要用一般过去时。4空格处所缺文意为“国旗”,flag 意为“旗帜”,national 意为“国家的”,作定语修饰flag。5空格处所缺文意为“知识”,knowledge 意为“ 知识”,是不可数名词。答案:1.to_invite/ask_him2by(the _side_of)/next_to/close_to/beside_the_window3sang _a_song4nation
9、al_flag5knowledge【例 2】句型转换。1She often has dinner at_half_past_six in the evening.(对画线部分提问)_ _ does she often have dinner in the evening?2The students have cleaned their classroom.(改为否定句)The students _ _ their classroom.3Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend.(改为反疑问句)Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend,
10、_ _?4I broke a tooth when playing football.(改为复数句)_ broke _ when playing football.5 “Why do you stay at home? ” My father asked.(改为间接引语)My father asked _ _ _ at home.解析:1.画线部分“at half past six”在句中作时间状语,对其提问可用 when/what time。但具体的时间点一般用 what time。2 “have cleaned”结构中 have 为表完成时态的助动词,变否定句时,直接在后面加not。hav
11、e not 可缩写为 havent。3反意疑问句一般前肯后否,本句为一般现在时且主语为第三人称单数,故用doesnt主语。4此句中变复数形式有两处, “I”所对应的复数人称为“we”,注意名词 tooth 的复数形式不规则,为“teeth”。5直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,特殊疑问词为其间接引语(即宾语从句) 的引导词,注意从句的人称、时态都应作相应的变化,且用陈述语序。答案:1.What _time 2.havent_cleaned 3.doesnt_he4We;teeth 5.why_I_stayedA)根据所给汉语意思完成下列句子。(2016,宜昌改编)1明天的社会实践活动每个人都
12、要准时参加。Everyone is supposed to be on time for the social practice tomorrow.2放松并不是浪费时间,毕竟生活不应该只有学习和工作。Relaxing isnt a waste of timeAnyway,life shouldnt just be about study and work.3他的眼神告诉我们他渴望得到失踪同伴的确切消息。His eyes tell us he is thirsty for the exact information of his lost teammates.4我的美国朋友爱上了宜昌,希望在此长
13、住。My American friend falls in love with Yichang and she wishes to live here forever.5两个月以来,已经有 400 名大学生参加了“手机忍者”的测试。400 college students have taken part in the test called Mobile Phone Ninja since two months ago.B)根据所给提示完成句子。每空一词,含缩略词。(2016,重庆 A)6Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.(改为否
14、定句)Li Lin doesnt listen to English on the radio every day.7Dave was making a model plane in_the_classroom at that time.(对画线部分提问)Where was Dave making a model plane at that time?8Wang Bing was very glad to receive a letter from his old classmate.(改为同义句)Wang Bing was very glad to hear from his old classmate.