1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态的结构为“was/were及物动词的过去分词(by) 其他” 。其否定形式是在 was/were 后加 not；疑问形式是把 was/were 放到句首。如:A wonderful film was seen by us yesterday evening.昨天晚上我们看了一场精彩的电影。Mary didnt go to Davids birthday party because she wasnt invited.玛丽没有参加大卫的生日聚会，因为她没有受到邀请。Were flowers and gra
2、ss planted by them along the road last year？去年他们沿路种植了一些花草吗？特殊的被动语态:1.含有双宾语的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为被动结构的主语。一般是把主动结构中指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这样句子显得自然；若指物的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要加介词 to，for 等。如:He lent me a bike. I was lent a bike(by him).A bike was lent to me(by him).他借给了我一辆自行车。2.复合宾语的被动语态若主动句为“主语谓语宾语宾补
3、”这种复合宾语结构时，则只能将宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾补变成被动结构的主语补足语。如:We call him Xiao Wang.我们叫他小王。He is called Xiao Wang. 他叫小王。注意:若主动语态中的宾补是省略 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时需把 to 补上。如:They heard her sing a song at the party.She was heard to sing a song at the party.在晚会上他们听她唱了一首歌。3.短语动词的被动语态谓语动词为短语动词时，变为被动语态后，不能丢掉词末尾的介(副) 词。如:She looks aft
4、er her grandmother.Her grandmother is looked after(by her).她照料她的奶奶。4.特殊疑问句的被动语态和主动句一样，仍将疑问词置于句首。若主动句的疑问词是 who，变被动句时要改为by whom 置于句首，也可仍用 who，而将 by 置于句末；若主动句的疑问词是 whom，则改为 who，其余疑问句不变。如 :Who bought the book？Who was the book bought by？或 By whom was the book bought？谁买了这本书？语法精练.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The bri
5、dge over the river _(finish) three years ago.2. A present _(give) to me by my friend on my birthday.3. He _(see) to swim in Daming Lake yesterday.4. Annie _(invite) to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.5. The book _(translate) into many other languages last year.6. You are late. All the ti
6、ckets _(sell) out an hour ago.7. My shoes _(wash) by my mother yesterday.8. _ a lot of useful things _(invent) by Edison?9. The window _(clean) ten minutes ago，and the room looks bright now.10. In England，nobody under the age of 18 _(allow) to drink in bars.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。11.We bought a piano last t
7、erm.(改为被动语态)A piano _ _ by us last term.12.Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.(改为一般疑问句 )_ Penicillin _ by Alexander Fleming?13.The books were written by Mr. Li many years ago.(改为否定句)The books _ _ by Mr. Li many years ago.14.Their homework was handed in yesterday.(对画线部分提问)_ _ their homewo
8、rk _ in?15.We didnt grow vegetables in the garden last year.(改为被动语态 )Vegetables _ _ in the garden by us last year.单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus).1.was finished 2.was given 3.was seen 4.was invited5was translated 6.were sold 7.were washed 8.Were； invented9was cleaned 10.is allowed.11.was bought 12.Was；discovered 13.werent written14When was；handed 15.werent grown
