1、第 1 页 共 8 页 Unit 2 Growing painsGrammar: Attributive clause (preposition +which/whom)Learning aims:1. Help students know more about attributive clauses.2. Help students know the attributive clauses introduced by “preposition +which/whom”.Step1 Revision and Lead-in1. Show some pictures of babies and
2、ask:Which baby do you like best ?I like the baby who/that/whose 2. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.1) This is the story _ we wrote for our storytelling contest.2) The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3) He likes the birthday gifts _ his friends gave him.4) The girl _
3、you have just seen is very good at English.5) I dont know the name of the teacher _I met in the computer room.Summary:The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the _.6) Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?7) Daniel is the person _ I want to make friends with.8) Art is the subject
4、_ I know little about.9) The Maths teacher is the person _ I got an A plus from.10) The topic _ Eric is interested in is Physics.Summary:The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the _.3. Join the sentences with relative clauses:1) We could expect good decisions from you.We thought you were such
5、 a person.- We thought you were a person (who/whom/that) we could expect good decisions from.第 2 页 共 8 页 - We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2) You were to buy dog food with the money. The money is gone.- The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gon
6、e.- The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.Conclusion:When the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition, we use preposition to begin an attributive clause, that is, preposition + which/whom.In this case, the relative pronoun, which or whom, cannot be replaced with “that” or “
7、who”. Besides, the relative pronoun cannot be left out. Step 2 Attributive clause (preposition +which/whom) 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人， which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：2. Find out which noun or pronoun the clause modifies (修饰). For example: A
8、. The farm _which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. B. This is the tree _which we used to play games. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. 3. 介词的选用原则1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
9、来决定。如：This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. 2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which
10、 you often write articles?第 3 页 共 8 页 4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？4. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse i
11、s looking after are very healthy. 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 5.以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。如： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。6. “介词+关系代词 ”前或后还可有 some, any, non
12、e, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of
13、 whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 我们班总共有 40 个学生，大多数来自大城市。 Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which (=of which three) are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了 10 部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。Step 3 Practice:. Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1) Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve li
14、stened.2) Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.3) This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.第 4 页 共 8 页 4) We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5) The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.6) Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?7
15、) I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .8) This is the good car _ _I spent all my money. Translate the following sentences:1. 你有没有看见那座红房子，屋子前有一棵大树。Do you see the red house? There is a big tree in front of the house.- Do you see the red house in front of which there is a big tree.2. 你有没有参观过
16、那座大厦？在大厦顶上你可以俯瞰整座城市。_- _Conclusion:Prepositional phrases can also be put before relative pronouns to begin an attributive clause.4. 我没有参加那次会议，当时我没有认识到那个会议的重要性。_-_.Conclusion:Relative pronoun “whose” can be replaced with “of which”, but you must pay attention to its form.5. 你用那种方式来对待你的父亲，我不喜欢那种方式。You
17、 treat your father in the way. I dont like that way.-_.- _.Conclusion:We use “in which” or “that” to begin an attributive clause after “way”. In this case, “in which” or “that” can also be left out.Step 4 Exercises1. (2011 江西高考 34) She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction _ had 第 5
18、 页 共 8 页 taken more than three years.A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which2. (2011 全国高考 31)The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. whose D. what3. (2011 上海 38) Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on
19、which B. by which C. to which D. from which 4. (2010 江苏高考 32). The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which 5. (2010 浙江高考 3) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their
20、village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. which C. them D. those6. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 7. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had
21、run back in the direction _ she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from whichHomework:1. Review and consolidate this part.2. Preview relative adverbs.Keys：第 6 页 共 8 页 Step1 Revision and Lead-in2. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.1) This is the story (which/that) we wrote for o
22、ur storytelling contest.2) The book (which/that) I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3) He likes the birthday gifts (which/that) his friends gave him.4) The girl (who/whom/that) you have just seen is very good at English.5) I dont know the name of the teacher (who/whom/that)I met in the
23、computer room.Summary:The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the verbs.6) Is this the play (which/that) you were talking about just now?7) Daniel is the person (who/whom/that) I want to make friends with.8) Art is the subject (which/that) I know little about.9) The Maths teacher is the person
24、 (who/whim/that)I got an A plus from.10) The topic (which/that) Eric is interested in is Physics.Summary:The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the preposition.3. Join the sentences with relative clauses:1) We could expect good decisions from you.We thought you were such a person.- We thought
25、 you were a person (who/whom/that) we could expect good decisions from.- We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2) You were to buy dog food with the money. The money is gone.- The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone.- The money with which you were
26、to buy dog food is gone.Conclusion:When the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition, we use preposition to begin an attributive clause, that is, preposition + which/whom.In this case, the relative pronoun, which or whom, cannot be replaced with “that” or “who”. Besides, the relative pronou
27、n cannot be left out. Step 2 Attributive clause (preposition +which/whom) 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第 7 页 共 8 页 1. 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人， which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：2. Find out which noun or pronoun the clause modifies (修饰). For example: A. The farm _on_which w
28、e worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. B. This is the tree _under _which we used to play games.Step 3 Practice:. Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1) Are you interested in any songs _to_ _which_ youve listened.2) Tomorrow is a particular day _on _which_ his daughter will get marri
29、ed.3) This is the knife _with _which_ I usually cut bread.4) We cant live without the sun _from_ _which_ we get heat and light.5) The subject _in_ _which_ Eric is interested is physics.6) Do you know the girl _with_ _which_ our head teacher is shaking hands?7) I cant find my dictionary _for_ _which_
30、 I paid over $100 .8) This is the good car _on_ _which_ I spent all my money. Translate the following sentences:2. 你有没有参观过那座大厦？在大厦顶上你可以俯瞰整座城市。Have you ever visited the tall building? You can have a good view over the whole city on the top of the building.- Have you ever visited the tall building on
31、the top of which you can have a good view of the whole city.Conclusion:Prepositional phrases can also be put before relative pronouns to begin an attributive clause.3. 你有没有看到那座房子？它的屋顶是红的。Do you see the house? Its roof is red. Do you see the house whose roof is red?- Do you see the house the roof of
32、which is red?- Do you see the house of which the roof is red?4. 我没有参加那次会议，当时我没有认识到那个会议的重要性。I didnt attend the meeting. I didnt realize its importance at that time.第 8 页 共 8 页 I didnt attend the meeting whose importance I didnt realize at that time.- I didnt attend the meeting the importance of which
33、 I didnt realize at that time.Conclusion:Relative pronoun “whose” can be replaced with “of which”, but you must pay attention to its form.5. 你用那种方式来对待你的父亲，我不喜欢那种方式。You treat your father in the way. I dont like that way.- I dont like the way in which you treat your father.- I dont like the way (that) you treat your father.Conclusion:We use “in which” or “that” to begin an attributive clause after “way”. In this case, “in which” or “that” can also be left out.Step 4 ExercisesC C C D A C D
