1、Words and Expressions,必修四 Unit 1,1. achievement /n./成就，功绩,a sense of achievement 成就感 u.achieve v. 实现-achievement n. 成就realise/achieve ones dreamexcite v. 使兴奋-excitement n. 兴奋govern v. 管理-government n. 政府argue v. 争吵-argument n.争吵，争论treat v. 对待-treatment n. 对待,2. campaign /n./ 运动；战役; /v./作战,a campaign
2、 for 为了的运动a campaign against 反对的运动 eg. They started a campaign for equal rights.他们发起了一项争取平等权利的运动。 (2) vi. 参加运动；作战；campaign for 参加争取的运动campaign against 参加反对的运动,3.condition /n.C/条件; /n.U/ 状况，状态；,身体健康是获得成功的条件之一。 Heath is one of the most important conditions of achieving success. be in good/poor/excelle
3、nt condition 处于好的/差的/极棒的状态中She is often in top condition. Im really out of condition.,4.behave/v./ 举动；（举止或行为）表现,eg.Im sorry about last night-I behaved like a child.对不起，昨天晚上我表现得太幼稚了。 eg.Behave yourself, young man.年轻人，规矩些！ (1) behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体； (2) well-behaved /adj./ 表现好的badly-behaved /adj./ 表
4、现差的,3.behave/v./举动；（举止或行为）表现,u behaviour /n./ 举止；行为；习性； eg.The boy was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised his proper behaviour. 这个男孩在宴会上表现很好，因此每个人都表扬他恰当的举止. behave oneself 守规矩 behave well/badly (towards sb.) (对某人)态度/举止好/恶劣 be on ones best behavior 举止规矩,4.devote/vt./把.奉献，把专用于,1)devote o
5、neself /sth. to (doing) sth.献身于；致力于 He devotes himself to finishing the task. She devotes all her time to her family. 2) devoted (adj.) 深爱的，全心全意的，忠实的 a devoted friendShe is devoted to her family. 她深爱她的家庭。,5.whorthwile /adj./ 值得的，值得做的,辨析 worthwhile/worth/worthyworthwhile （可作定语和表语）a worthwhile experim
6、entThe experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.It is worthwhile to do the job.doing the job.,worthwhile /adj./ 值得的，值得做的,*worth - be worth (doing) sth.The book is _.,well worth reading,= It is worthwhile to read the book.,be worthy of being done.=be worthy to be done.,The job
7、is worthy of being done.to be done.,6. observe/vt./观察，观测，遵守,(1) 观察；observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事（全过程）observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 (2) 遵守；observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 (3) 庆祝;observe the Spring Festival / Christmas 拓展： observation n. 观察，观测；,observe an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念 observer /n./ 观察者;观测者;遵守者
8、 observation /n./观测，监测，观察，观察力 under observation 在观察中;在监视中 Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still _the traditional customs. perform B. possess C. observe D. support 解析: observe在此句中意为“遵守,奉行(法律、协议或习俗等)”。句意为：尽管在国外居住了这么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。,C,7. respect /v./尊重，敬意,respect sb. for sth. 因某
9、事而尊敬某人 eg. 我深深地敬佩他的勇气。I deeply respect him for his courage.=I deeply respect his courage. /n./ show/have respect for sb. 尊敬某人 eg. 人们向这位残疾女孩表示敬意。 The people show/have respect for the disabled girl. out of respect 出于尊重out of curiosity/kindness/pity/interest/fear respectful /adj. /恭敬的，表示敬意的；,respect /n
10、./方面,with respect to 关于，就来说 in some respects 在某些方面 in every respect/in all respects 在各方面 out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬 without respect to不考虑；不管,8. argue/v./ 讨论，辩论，争论,argue with sb. about /over sth.和某人争吵某事 We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. argue for 为而辩论 argue against 为反对而辩论 Th
11、e workers argued for the right for the strike. Some people argue against the free trade. argue that-clause 主张,辨析argue/quarrel/discuss,argue常用作不及物动词，后面常接介词后才能加宾语。意为“辩论，争论”,有企图说服对方的含义。They argued about the case for hours. quarrel 意为“争吵，吵架”,侧重以“口角”的方式争执； discuss 意为“讨论”,为及物动词，后直接加宾 语，指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而商量；
12、,9. entertainment/n./款待，娱乐； 娱乐表演,We warmly gave an entertainment to the foreign guests. entertain/v./ 款待，招待 ；娱乐，助兴 entertaining /adj./ 有趣的，使人愉快的 entertain sb. with sth. 用招待/款待某人 The child entertained himself with building blocks.,10. inspire/vt./鼓舞，激发，启示,inspire sb. to do sth. 激发某人去做某事 Eg. His spiri
13、t inspires us to work hard to achieve more in our life. inspiration (n.) 灵感 inspiring (adj.) 鼓励人的 inspired (adj.) 有创作力的,11. support /n.&vt./支持，拥护,support a family 赡养家庭 support oneself 自力更生 support sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面支持某人support sb.by (doing) sth. 通过(做)某事支持某人in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人/某事gi
14、ve support to sb.支持或支援某人,12. audience/n./ 观众，听众，读者, audience是集合名词，用作主语时，其谓语可用单数（视为整体）或复数（视为个体）; 形容听（观众）人数之多或少，通常用big, large, huge, mass, vast, wide 以及small, thin 等形容词修饰，但不用many, few修饰； an audience 不是指“一个观众”，而是指某一群观众、某一个场次观众、某一方面的观众等；,13.intend /vt./计划，打算,intend to do/doing sth. mean to do sth.打算做某事s
15、th.be intended for 某物是为而准备的intend sb./sth.to do sth.想要某人/物去做某事 intend that-clause 打算 had intended to do sth./ intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事,14. emergency/n./ 突发事件，紧急情况,Its an emergency! 情况紧急！ He was always prepared for any unforeseen event of emergency. 他时刻为无法预料的紧急事件做好准备。 a state of emergency 紧急
16、状态 in an emergency 遇紧急情况时,15. considerate/v./考虑； /adj./考虑周到的,consideration /n./考虑 in consideration of.考虑到，顾及 take.into consideration考虑到;体谅 be under consideration在考虑中，在审议中 give consideration to sth./give sth.,consider /v./考虑；认为consider doing sth.考虑某事be considered to be/as.被认为；被看作,16. deliver/vt./递送，生
17、（小孩） 发表（演说等）,deliver a baby 助产，接生 deliver sth. to sb. 把某物递送给某人 delivery /n./传送 He is delivering a speech in English. Would you please deliver my message to your mother?,1.human being 人,一个人 a human being 人类 human beings eg. This is an invention that benefits human beings eg. We should make greater co
18、ntributions to human beings. 拓展：man/ mankind 人类 （其前都不加冠词，都是u.其后谓语v.用单三）,2.move off 离开，启程，出发,When we got to the station, the train had moved off.move on 继续前进/进行 move out 迁出；搬出 move in 迁进；搬进 move away 搬走,3. lead alife 过着的生活,lead to 通向；导致lead in 导入；引进I feel like leading a simple life.This road leads to
19、 our school.,4. crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头,crowd in (on sb.) / crowd into ones mind(想法、问题等）涌上心头，涌入脑海 crowd out (常用被动)挤出；排挤在外 crowd around/round(sb./sth.) 聚集在（某人/某物周围） crowd into 涌入，挤进. a crowd of 一群，众多 be crowded with 挤满,5. look down upon/on 蔑视，瞧不起,反义：look up to sb.尊敬某人 No one likes to be looked down upo
20、n. look round/ about 四处查看，寻找 look after 照顾，照看（人或事物） look ahead 向前看 look forward to 期待，盼望 look into 调查，检查,look out 向外看；注意，小心 look through 检查，审视；快速查看，浏览 look up 查找，查阅；向上看 look on 旁观 look on. as. 把看作/视为. look back 回顾,6.refer to 查阅，参考，谈到,refer to .as . 把称作 refer .to.把提交给(以求获得帮助) (2)reference /n./言及；提及；参
21、考；查阅 in/with reference to 关于 without reference to 与无关；不管,7. by chance 碰巧，凑巧,by accident 碰巧 on purpose 故意地，有意地 by design 故意 By chance he found the very book he was alwa,8. come across （偶然）遇见；碰见,How come? 为什么？怎么会？怎么搞的？ come about 发生 come along 一起来；一道走 come down to 下垂到；达到；流传下来 come on 得啦；快点,come out 出来
22、；出版；开花 come to 达到；总计为；结果是 come to oneself (昏迷后)苏醒过来；恢复理性 come up 上来；(从土中)长出，发芽 come up with 提出；想出 come true 实现,9. carry on 继续，坚持,carry on with/doing sth. 继续做某事 carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等) carry through 帮渡过(难关等)；维持；完成,2)The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting ro
23、om to _ their discussion. A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on 解析 put away收好,放好, take down写下,记下; look over从上面看；查看,检查; carry on继续。 句意：吃完饭,经理们回到会议室继续讨论。,D.,. 句型透视,1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己
24、的计划。 此句是only引导的一个倒装句。当only修饰副词 、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时,主句必须用部分倒装结构。 (1)否定副词(词组)never，nor, hardly, little， seldom, by no means等置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构。,. 句型透视,Never before have I seen such a moving film. 我从来没有看过这样感人的电影。 By no means will we give in to them. 我们决不会向他们让步。 (2)so 或 neither/nor表示前者的情况也适用于另一人或物时,其句型为“so/
25、neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+另一主语”。so指肯定情况，意为“也是如此”,neither/nor适用于前者是否定的情况,意为“也不这样”。,. 句型透视,Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。 注意 如果句意不是“也是如此”,而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed)，那么句子不可使用倒装语序。 You forgot to take your key with you again! 你又忘记带钥匙了！ Oh, my god. So I did!噢，我的天哪，我确实忘了带！,. 句型透视,3)s
26、o+ adj./adv.+that.引导的结果状语从句结构中, so+adj./adv.置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他英语讲得如此清晰，以致于别人总能理解他意思。 注意 that引导的句子不倒装。,. 句型透视,(4)在非真实条件句中可省略if,把were, had, should 提到句首构成部分倒装结构。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.若明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。,
27、. 句型透视,2.Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。 解读 once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦”；crowding in为现在分词短语作伴随状语。,. 句型透视,3. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。 解读 “I
28、t hits/hit /strike sb.从句”表示 “某人突然想起”。 拓展：Sth. occurs to sb. It occurs to sb. that 某人想到了,. 句型透视,4. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。watching a family of chimps wake up是动名词短语,在句中作主语。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。,. 句型透视,5. I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.直到一天晚上当我坐在电脑旁搜索中国伟大女性的时候我才知道答案。 解读 not . until . “直到才”。,仿写 直到三年前从教育战线退休以后，他才考虑到国外度假。 He _ he retired from teaching three years ago.,didnt consider having a holiday abroad until,
