1、Grammar,情态动词,非推测性情态动词shall, will, must, mustnt, should, would的用法,情态动词could, should/ought to, may/might , neednt+ have done 表示假设的用法,情态动词must, can/could, may/might, should/ought to表猜测的用法,情态动词的一些惯用法,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V.
2、+ have done 常见must be + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done+ be doing可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done+ be doing,+ V. + V. + have done+ be doing,Must +have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。,1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。 2.He must have gone to Beiji
3、ng.他一定已经去北京了。,can/could+have done表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。,1. Can they have won the basketball match? 他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？ 2. It couldnt have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。,could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。,You could have told me earlier.你本该早点告诉我的。,should/
4、ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。,1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。,might（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.You might not have told her. 你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了） 2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,neednt
5、 +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday. 昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了） 2.You neednt have bought it. 你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）,巩 固 练 习,1.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. shouldnt have eaten C. mustnt eat D. mustnt have eaten
6、2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet?-She _ again in the morning? A. shouldnt have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock C. must have no one t o call her D. should have someone to wake her up 3.-Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?-No. We _, but we decided not to. A.should have gone
7、 B. could go C. should go D. could have gone,B,B,A,4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. neednt dress B. didnt have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. neednt have dressed up 5.Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you _ this as
8、 soon as you found out he was cheating.must have done B. might have done C. should have done D. could have done,D,C,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,Dare (need) +S +V S + darent (neednt) +V,I darent walk through the forest at night. Dare you walk through the forest at night? You neednt return the book now. Ne
9、ed he go yesterday?,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to go there himself. He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.,3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be doneThe house needs cleaning/ to be cleanedThe boy needs sending to the hospital at once.,句型 时态 动词
10、情态动词dare 实义动词 dare 肯定句 现在时 dare do dare/dares to do 过去时 dare do dared to do 否定句 现在时 darent/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do 过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do 疑问句 现在时Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do,2.I wonder how he_that to the teacher.A. dare to
11、say B. dare sayingC.not dare say D.dared say,D,4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. A neednt dress B. didnt have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. neednt have dressed up,D,1.判断正误:,How dare you say such a thing?How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak
12、English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,Exercises,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need clean
13、ing carefully.,had better(最好), should(应该)与ought to（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。should 比had better语气强，ought to语气最强。一般情况下should与ought to可通用。例1：你最好立即去那里。You had better go there at once. 例2：你应该努力工作。You ought to / should work hard.,（一）否定句 had better, should, ought to用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：had better not do
14、, shouldnt / should not do, oughtnt to do。 例1此时你最好别出发。： You had better not start at this time. 例2： 她不应该浪费时间。 She oughtnt to waste time.,（二）一般疑问句 had better, should, ought to用于一般疑问句时，分别将had, should, ought提至句首。 例1： 他最好立即出发吗？Had he better start early at once? 例2：你应该这么做吗？Should you do like this? 例3： 他应该
15、去那里吗？Ought he to go there?,（三）反意疑问句 陈述句谓语动词含had better, should, ought to时，反意疑问句为：had, should与ought+主格人称代词或hadnt, shouldnt, oughtnt+主格人称代词。 例1：你最好别回家，是吗？You had better not go home, had you?例2： 你应该认真学习，是吗？ You should study hard, shouldnt you? 例3： 你上课不应该讲话，是吗？He oughtnt to speak in class, ought he?,1Th
16、e flower is dead. I _ it yesterday. Ashould water Bmust water Cshould have watered Dmustnt have watered 2What time ought I _? Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arrive 3He _ speak to his mother like that. Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not 4I dont think wed better _ it any more.
17、Adiscuss Bdiscussing Cto discuss Ddiscussed 5You ought to _ him, but you didnt. Ahelp Bhelped Chelping Dhave helped,C,D,A,A,D,Thanks a lot!,； http:/ 股票指标 cth70dwc 音如何，约略听到点风声，似乎跟井有关，恐怕不是什么正路好事，老太太没发话，便不敢多谈，静了静，明秀一根、一根的抚过戎琴弦，笑道：“五弟，宝音姑娘若在这里，必定也劝你从开初便小心些，后头可省多少麻烦。”苏含萩立即点头，叫过青翘训道：“少爷年轻不知事，你也不知吗？料你向来行事是
18、端正细致的，这才派你到少爷屋里服侍，再过几个月官中算总帐了，要紧时候，这么大马虎眼你也不提点着！”嘴又快又甜的大丫头这时候也不敢快语、也不敢笑了，低头承训：“姑奶奶教训得是！”明秀恰在此时发出一个轻轻的诧异声，欢快道：“哎哟，我想到这琴怎么弹了！”众人注意力都被她吸引过来，她取来明蕙手中那竹棍，去刮拨那琴弦。呀！原来这弦比中原的琴弦硬朗很多，手指拨上去，发音闷闷的，用硬竹棍拨，便立时的激越清昂起来，音势宏大，竟比琵琶还壮丽些。明秀即兴取琴谱之乐章，在戎琴上奏了一段，便是苏小横在窗边听得的隐隐乐声了。这段奏完，众人皆喝彩不已，明秀丢下竹棍，摇头笑道：“这戎器，响成这样！太失体统。”明柯忙道：“闻
19、说戎境植被丰富、地势崎岖、房屋低陋，他们习惯露天生活，大概因此，乐器什么的都要响亮些吧！你想，朋友见面，动不动一个在高山上、一个在低谷里，弹个琴给对方听，轻了怎么听得见！”明蕙“吃”的笑出声来，以帕子掩住了嘴。苏含萩似笑非笑睇着明柯。明柯暗道不好，勾着头住了嘴，苏含萩却过来，抚摩他的肩膀，上下看看，叹了一声：“你这猴儿。你这猴儿！偏是这些事上有聪明。我问你，你买琴的所在，是不是恪思阁？”这是锦城最负盛名的戎商铺。明柯脸上泛起佩服之色，垂手道：“是。”苏含萩又道：“那个阁里，据我所知，还从没卖过假货。阁主放话说，一个真正的商人，从真货上能赚到的钱，绝对比在假货上能赚到的多。是不是这样？”第十八章
20、暗度戎琴成新赏（4）明柯眼里，已经有“士逢知己”的笑意：“姑姑知道得真多。”苏含萩便道：“你信他，所以就问都不多问。因你知道，这几年，连锦城眼力最辣、盘货最多的几个老爷叔们都盛赞他们信誉，你再小心，也不可能越过那几位爷叔去。若真千万分之一机会，证明了他们拿假货空手套白狼，爷叔们都上当了。那恪思阁商誉上的损失，比你买一件古董的损失还大。你前思后想清楚，既不必、也无谓跟他们斗眼力，所以索性懒一点，是么？”她滔滔分析完了，明柯腰杆骄傲的越挺越直，直得无可再直了，苏含萩猛的在他额角上戳一指头，把他打回原型：“可我宁愿你有时候别那么懒！憨一点儿勤一点儿呢！怕什么？你可知道真正学成大学问、成就大事的，都是有点憨劲儿的人！”明柯悚然一惊，颇有点儿悲伤的应道：“是！”苏含萩,
