1、英 语词性分类及用法一、词性的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类 。 前面六类是实词： 1 、名 词 noun n. student 学生 2 、代 词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 、形 容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 、副 词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 、动 词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 、数 词 numeral num. three 三 后面四类是虚词： 7 、冠词 article art. a 一个 8、 介词 preposition prep. at 在 . 9、 连词 co
2、njunction conj. and 和 10、 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦英语句子成分（七类）一、主语（ subject） :句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词 ) He likes dancing. (代词 ) 高中将学习： Seeing is believing. (动名词 ) To see is to believe. (不定式 ) What he needs is a book. (主语从句 ) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall l
3、ike a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语 )二、谓语（ predicate） 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 谓 语最重要的是时态和语态。 Tom was sent to Beijing.三、表语（ predicative） 跟在 系 动 词后面的 成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 常见的系动词有 : be, sound(听起来 )， look(看起来 )， feel(摸起来 )， smell(闻起来 )， taste(尝、吃起来 )， remain(保持，仍是 )， feel(感觉 ) .很多词可以做表语 He
4、 is a teacher. (名词 ) Five and five is ten. (数词 ) He is asleep. (形容词 ) His father is in. (副词 ) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语 ) It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.高中将学的表语 My watch is gone / missing / lost.
5、 (形容词化的分词 ) To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” (不定式 ) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句 )三、宾 语 宾语分两类：动宾和介宾。 跟 在动词后面的宾语叫动宾，跟在介词后面的宾语叫介宾。 He hates you. (代词 ) How many do you need? We need two. (数词 ) We should help the old and the poor. 以上是动宾 Are you afraid of the sna
6、ke? They are looking for a dog. 这两 句是介宾 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 这两句是 双宾 语 ： 间 宾 (指人 )和直宾 (指物 )高 中将学的宾语 I enjoy working with you. (动名词 ) I hope to see you again. (不定式 ) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句 )四、宾补 对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语 。 特 征： 1、跟在宾语后面。 2、补充说明宾语。 We electe
7、d him monitor. (名词 ) We will make them happy. (形容词 ) We found nobody in. (副词 )五、主补 对主语的补 充说明。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.六、定 语（高考的重难点） 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子 。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词 ) He is our friend. (代词 )
8、We belong to the third world. (数词 ) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词 )高中将学的定语 The man over there is my old friend.(副词 ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词 ) The boys playing football are in Class2. (现在分词 ) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词 ) I
9、 have an idea to do it well. (不定式 ) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句 )七、状语 用来修 饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个 句 子的词叫状语。状语可 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步 。 I will go there tomorrow.（时间） The meeting will be held in the meeting room. （地点） The meat went bad because of the hot weather. （原因） He studies hard to le
10、arn English well.（目的） He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（结果） I like some of you very much.（程度） If you study hard, you will pass the exam. （条件） He goes to school by bike.（方式） Though he is young, he can do it well.（让步） 高中将增加表伴随情况的状语： I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗跑进屋来。
