1、词性和句子成分,十大词类： 根据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，即： 名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、 介词、连词、感叹词。 根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分，即：实词和虚词 实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。 特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。 虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。 特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。,预备知识点一：词类概述,一、句子成分,概述：,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语的句子最多由 八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表
2、语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。注：主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。,members of sentences,主语：subject 谓语：predicate 宾语： object 表语：predicative 定语： attributive 宾语补足语：object complement 状语： adverbial 同位语：appositive,句子成分,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。, They are students. The
3、sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。,1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般放 在主语的后面 2. 常用动词或动词词组充当, We study English. He is asleep. You may go now.,1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后 2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当, I like China. We study English. I play with him.,位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow,
4、 turn, seem等）之后,表示主语的性质、 状态和特征。, They are students. He is asleep. 他睡着了。 To see is to believe.,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,修饰限定名词或代词， 说明该名词或代词的状 态、品质、数量等。,用来修饰动词、形容词 和副词等的，表示事情发 生的时间、地点、原因、 结果、程度等等 2. 修饰动词时，位置在该 动词前后均可；修饰形容 词或副词，要放在它们之 前,1.The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容词) 2.Two boys need two pens. （数词） 3.His
5、name is Tom（所有格） 4.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语） 5.The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.（分词短语） 6.The boy who is sitting there is Tom.（定语从句）, He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 I will go there tomorrow.我明天去那儿。 He works in this factory.,状语种类如下： How about meet
6、ing again at six? Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harde
7、r. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ She works very hard though she is old.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,1. His father named him DongMing. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Let the fresh air in. 4. We found everything in the lab in good order. 5.
8、We will soon make our city what your city is now. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,（二）练习,说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子 中各充当什么成分,I dont like the picture on the wall. My brother hasnt done his homework. It is a great pleasure to talk
9、 with you . He broke a piece of glass. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,主,谓语,宾语,定语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,主,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,宾语,表语,同位语（appositive）：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生） We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们） The news t
10、hat we won the first excited us. （同位语从句，指news的具体内容）,分析句子成分（定状补同位）： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3 I shall go there if it doesnt rain4 Once you begin, you must continue5 We found everything in the lab in good order.6 His favori
11、te sport,playing volleyball,takes most of his spare time.,定语,时间状语,定语从句,条件状语从句,条件状语从句,宾语补足语,定语,定语,同位语,1 When to have an English test has not been decided. 2 He has caught a bad cold. 3 The truth is that he has never been abroad. 4 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 5 We will soon make our city what your city is now. 6 China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 7 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.,主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语object,宾语补足语object complement,定语attributive,状语adverbial,
