1、Lesson 15,Good News,secretary n. 秘书 Secret n Tell /keep a secret adja secret marriage A secretary of state Secretive He is rather secrectiveabout his personal problems.,nervous adj. 精神紧张的 神经nerve be nervous about /of worried：为以后的事情担心 upset:不安的 Irritable 易怒的 Nervous breakdown 神经紧张 【口】,nervous,(= rest
2、less or uneasy) 紧张的；害怕的 1） 考试使我感到紧张。2） 他害怕陌生人。3） 别紧张大夫不会弄痛你的。4） 她对乘飞机旅行感到紧张。,Examinations make me nervous.,Hes nervous of strangers.,Dont be nervous - the doctor wont hurt you.,She was nervous about travelling by air.,afford v. 负担得起 afford sth. I can afford the hoilday.有时间去 afford money/time afford
3、to do sth. I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book. /I can afford to buy the book.,weak adj. 弱的 in a weak voice interrupt v. 插话，打断 (n.)interruption It is impolite to interrupt others . 使中断 we interrupted the programme to bring you a newsflash.,interrupt,(= stop or make a break) 打断，停止 1）他打断了我的话
4、。2） 他们停止了工作，以便吃午饭。3） 你打断了我的思路。,He interrupted me while I was speaking.,He interrupted his work to eat his lunch.,You interrupted my thoughts.,Look up,a) (= to raise ones head) 抬头我抬起头来看时，见到有学生静静地看着我。b) (= to search or consult) 查阅，查找你应该在字典上查一下这个单词。,When I looked up, I saw five students watching me qui
5、etly.,You should look the word up in the dictionary.,Extra adj额外的 The football match went into extra time . n另外 ，电影临时演员 Another and extra 区别,The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After
6、 I had sat down, he said business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. “Mr. Harmsworth,” I said in a weak voice. “Dont interrupt,” he said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive extra tho
7、usand pounds a year!,直接引语和间接引语,当我们要引用某人的话或想法时, 可以将某人说的话一字不改的引用，这叫“直接引语”. 为了简洁和紧凑,我们通常用“间接引语”, 即对原话作适当的改变,把说话的内容和想法传达给第三者. 在间接引语中，时态,语序,代词及其它词应该作相应的变化.,1. 如果引语的引述动词是现在时,将来时或现在完成时,我们一般要用说话者原话中所用的语态.,“Will I be in time?” she wants to know. = She wants to know if she will be in time. Ive already said, “
8、I dont know want to go.” = Ive already told you that I dont want to go.句中wants 和said 是引述词.,2. 如果引述动词是过去时, 引语应该作相应的变化.,a) 一般现在时改为一般过去时：“I never work on Sundays,” she said.,= She said that she never worked on Sundays.,b) 现在进行时改为过去进行时：“It isnt raining,” she told me.,= She told me that it wasnt raining.
9、,c) 一般将来时改为过去将来时： “ Ill tell you a very funny story,” she said.,= She told me that she would tell me a veryfunny story.,d) 现在完成时改为过去完成时： “I have just heard the news,” he said.,= he said that he had just heard the news.,e) 一般过去时改为过去完成时： “I broke the window,” Tom said.,= Tom said that he had broken th
10、e window.,直接引语改为间接引语时， 人称代词和物主形容词应该作适当的变化。地点和时间状语也应作相应改变。,直接引语-间接引语 now - then this - that these- those here - there ago - before my - his/her tomorrow - the following day- the next day,b) ( = to be able to spend time ,give, do, etc, without serious loss or damage表示“抽出时间，能够常和 can, be able to, could 连用,1） 我抽不出三周休假时间。2） 我最近没有去看过电影。我抽不出时间。,I cant afford three weeks away from work.,I havent been to the cinema recently/lately. I cant afford the time.,
