1、Attributive clauses 定语从句,Part 关系代词和关系副词,关系代词用法,人物,主宾/表,物,主宾 /表,人,主宾/表,人,宾,人物,定,关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,定语从句中关系词的选择：,“缺啥补啥”,看从句中缺少什么成分，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语用which, who，that ，as或whom（只做宾语）. 其中指人时用who,whom,as 。指物时用which,that,as。作定语意为“的”的时候用whose。作状语时候用关系副词when, where, why等。 注意：定语从句关系词中没有how, what,Practi
2、ce,1.The man _is talking to me is a friend of my fathers. 2.The school _is famous here has a long history. 3.I live in the house _windows face south. 4.He is such a person_we like very much.,that/who,that/which,whose,as,5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country. 6. This is the park _you
3、took photos last Sunday. 7. That was the reason_he looked old.,when/on which,where/in which,why/for which,Part 通常只能使用that或which的场合,All _ we have to do is to practice every day.The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgotten,that,1.先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,th
4、at,2.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that 的场合,I have read all the books _ you gave me.,that,3.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just, all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时，宜用that.,They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.,4.先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that.,that,Who is the
5、 boy _ was here just now?Which is the bike _you lost?,5.当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时， 定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复,that,that,My computer is no longer the machine _it was.,6.当定语从句的谓语动词是be，需要关系代词作表语时，宜用that,that,This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan used to live.,which,1.介词提到关系代词前时，宜用which。如 for which , on which, in whi
6、ch, of which 等。,The experiment is very important , _ indeed it is.,2.引导非限制性定语从句时，宜用which。,which,只用which的场合,Part限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1.The man who greeted me is my teacher. ( )2.John, who greeted me, is my teacher. ( ),Restrictive Attributive Clause,Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。,约翰是我
7、的老师。他向我打过招呼。,指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,1.引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。,That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.,2.除which 外，还可用when, where, who, whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。,After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where
8、I spent my childhood and four years of college life.,3.在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。,1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom
9、come from the US.,4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。,5.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用for which代替why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。,Part 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,介词+关系词的定义,定语从句中的介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前，介词后关系代词只能用which,wh
10、om,且不能省略.,He is the person _ you spoke,to,that/who/whom,He is the person _ you spoke.,whom,This is the house _ I lived 4y ago,in,This is the house _ I lived 4y ago,that/which,which,关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系,关系副词when, where, why可以用 适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which,
11、 why=for+which 。,1. I wont forget the date on which I was born.2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today.4. Tom still remembers the days in which they lived in Tianjin. 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year.6. I remember the day on wh
12、ich my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介词+关系词中介词的选择,根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。 根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。 根据句意的需要来确定介词。,The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.,一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定
13、介词,with the money 用钱,on,with,on the day 在那天,二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定,He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.,from,learn from sb. 向某人学习,for,be famous for因而出名,Air, _which man cant live, is really important.,三、根据句意来确定,This is m
14、y pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly.,without,without,Part as与which 引导定语从句的区别,as和which的区别,as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如， He married her， whichas was natural I was very useful to him， which/ as he realized 但下列情况下as和which一般不能互换：,1.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which指前面提到的
15、事实或情况，一般放在主句之后，如： As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyonehe was late again this morning, which makes his teacher unhappy. ,2as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again， as was expected He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected,3下列固定结构，
16、一般不能用which，如： as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知as we have expected正如我们预料的那样 as has been mentioned above正如上面提到的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那样,as引导的限制性定语从句,1.as 常用于the same.as, such. as 结构中。如： 1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are ). 2
17、）Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.,2.the same. that与the same .as的区别,the same.that即指同一事物；而the same. as相似事物。如： 1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 2) This is the same (kind of)pen as I lost yesterday.,3.such as 与suchthat的区别,suchas引导限制性定语从句，suchthat引导结果状语从句。 He
18、 is such a clever boy as everyone likes. He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him .,Part 关系副词的用法,I havent seen him since the year when he went abroad,Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.,I really dont know the reason why he was late again.,判断关系副词when.where.why在句中充当的成分,小结：,关系副词,whe
19、n,where,why,在定语从句中充当时间状语,在定语从句中充当地点状语,在定语从句中充当原因状语,相当于介词+ which,Part 其他注意点,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained thesentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,1：the way用做先行词,当 the way 在从句中作状语，意为方式方法的时候，引导定语从句的关系词可以
20、有三种形式，that/in which/省略。 注意：the way 在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语时关系代词用that/which,作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,2.先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词where引导。 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage,
21、 condition, case, society, position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,3.“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的谓语用复数形式；在“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句常看成修饰单数名词，从句谓语用单数形式。This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.,P
22、art 综合考查,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,that,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A. that B. whichC. where D. when,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析
23、能力。,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）A. which; where B. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,Practice makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,
