1、河南省南阳市第一中学 2018 届高三第十二次考试英语试题第二部分 阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供） （共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分。 ）请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。AOne day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perf
2、ect score. I was elected as their arbiter (仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the
3、 street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.”The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the qu
4、estion, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the
5、 physical formula (公式) to calculate the height of the building.”At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldnt help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others and then added, “Probably the best is to take the barometer
6、to the administrator and said to him, Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, 1 will give it to you.”Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school a
7、nd college instructors trying to teach him how to think.The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.1. The student got a zero at the beginning because .A. the teacher wasnt satisfied with him.B. his answer wasnt complete or cor
8、rectC. his answer didnt show his knowledge of physicsD. the teacher didnt fully understand his answer2. We know from the passage that .A. the administrator told Bohr the heightB. the student knew the expected answerC. the author preferred Bohrs last answerD. the teacher was a very stubborn person3.
9、We can learn from the passage that .A. instructors can teach students how to thinkB. arbiters can help students to get high scoresC. teachers should make students use physical formulasD. students should be given more freedom in thinking4. What was Bohrs attitude toward his schooling?A. Critical B. O
10、ptimisticC. Objective D. Ambiguous【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A【解析】本文主要讲了 Bohr 在一次物理测验中，虽然答案也对，但是因为没有涉及物理学的知识，起初被给予零分，他其实在一开始的时候就知道老师所期盼的答案。Bohr 对学校的死板教育很厌烦，有自己的想法，最终获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。这个故事说明教育者在教育学生时，应该给予学生更多的思考自由。1. 细节理解题。由第二自然段 The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confi
11、rm his competence in physics.可知这名学生在开始的时候得了零分是因为他的回答没有表现出物理学的知识，选 C。2. 细节理解题。由 Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.
12、可知这名学生其实在一开始的时候就知道老师所期盼的答案，选 B。3. 推理判断题。由 He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.可知这名学生对学校的死板教育
13、很厌烦，有自己的想法，最终获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，所以这篇文章告诉我们学生应该被给予更多的思考自由，故选 D。4. 推理判断题。由 He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.可推断出 Bohr 对学校教育持批评态度，选 A。BWhat Does the Length of Your Fingers Say About You?Are you the peace-loving type o
14、r the ambitious go-getter? Your finger length might be a clue. Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have
15、to admit that it is exactly correct for me. Heres how it works.Look at your three middle fingers of your hand. Is your index finger longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? Or are the two of the same length? Find the situation that best matches your hand and s
16、ee if what follows is an accurate description of your personality. Longer ring finger: The Sweet TalkerIf your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that youre likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality t
17、ype irresistible and will go to great lengths to help you. Youre more likely to take risks, and youre good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers. Longer index finger: The (Over) Confident OneIf your index finger is longer than your ri
18、ng finger, chances are that you are full of confidence possibly even to the point of being over-confident and proud. You are not necessarily introverted (内向的), but you do enjoy time to yourself, especially when youre trying to complete a project. You are a dream pursuer who can make things happen, b
19、ut you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in a relationship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but youre always wishing for more. Index and ring finger are of the same length: The PeacemakerIf your index finger and ring finger are roughly of the same length, you are like
20、ly to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also have a hot-tempered side that can appear unexpectedly when youre pushed too far. You will try your h
21、ardest to avoid a fight.How well do these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case, but Im not going to tell you which one it was!5. Which of the following hand could be an engineers hand?A. B. C. D. 6. We can learn from the passage that the author .A. is very
22、charming and helpfulB. always tries hard to avoid a fightC. often takes silly tests on FacebookD. thinks the descriptions suit him well7. Where can you probably find the text?A. A popular magazine. B. An official report.C. A public advertisement. D. A biology textbook.【答案】5. A 6. D 7. A【解析】这篇文章主要讲了无
23、名指和食指的长短决定了你的性格。5. 细节理解题。由 Longer ring finger: The Sweet Talker 中 People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.可知工程师的无名指可能比食指要长一些，故选 A。6. 细节理解题。由 I was surprised at the accuracy in my case, but Im not going to tell you which one it was!可知作者认为这些对手指的描述非常符合自己的情况，选
24、 D 。7. 推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲了无名指和食指的长短决定了你的性格，属于娱乐性质的，所以这篇文章最可能出现在热门杂志上，故选 A。【名师点睛】直接信息题，对于此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例如：小题 1 细节理解题。由 Longer ring finger: The Sweet Talker 中 People in this category make great engineers, soldier
25、s and crossword-puzzle solvers.可知工程师的无名指可能比食指要长一些，故选 A。CPersonal BackgroundSteve JobsApple Computer3-year return: 26%Age: 42CEO since: 1997Heres a guy with enough knowledge, ability and brainpower to effectively hold down two CEO jobs at once and do a pretty amazing job at both. Weve listed him for
26、his post at Apple, but of course Steve Jobs also runs Pixar, the animation (动画) company.Coming in after a $ 1 billion loss in fiscal 1997 (1997 财年), Jobs turned a $106 million profit38 percent above Wall Streets consensus target. A lot of credit goes to a very simple idea: make computers in differen
27、t colors. Jobs was the only one who thought to make it happen. The colorful mid-priced iMac has also succeeded by playing down the compatibility (兼容性) problem. Apple positioned it as the machine for the Internet, where compatibility questions are no big deal. Behind the scenes, Jobs streamlined (使成流
28、线型) the product line, and also did a whole series of work for improving and selling the production. Meanwhile, over at Pixar, A Bugs Life nabbed a total $159 million in domestic box office, the highest domestic animated take since Toy Story and third highest ever, after Toy Story and the leader. The
29、 Lion King.Business philosophy: “The technology isnt the hard part. The hard part is: whos going to buy it. How are they going to buy it? How do you tell them about it?”How he got the job: the Apple board begged him to return.Management style: at Apple, Jobs is a micromanager-some say nanomanager wh
30、o changes mood suddenly and unexpectedly. Actually every decision goes by him. At any time, 10,000 employees are wondering. “What would Steve say?” not “What is the right thing to do?” said a former Apple executive.Financial reward: his Apple rewards are minimala salary of one dollar a year, but his
31、 69 percent share of Pixar is worth about $ 1.3 billion.selected from a newspaper8. According to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Jobs EXCEPT .A. creative B. easy-goingC. demanding D. distinguished9. We can learn from the passage that .A. Jobs can work well in every fiel
32、dB. the colorful iMac is accepted for its low priceC. Jobs makes a big difference at Apple as a designerD. the technology is more important than business idea10. The underlined word nabbed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ “.A. pulled up B. brought inC. went through D. handed over11. What does the au
33、thor mainly want to tell us?A. Jobs is the richest man in the world.B. Jobs is a giant of electronic products.C. Jobs spends most of his time at Pixar.D. Jobs can get much money a year as his salary.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B【解析】这篇文章主要介绍的是一位能够同时兼做两份电子产品 CEO 工作的才华能人乔布斯。8. 细节理解题。由 at Apple, Jobs is a m
34、icromanager-some say nanomanager who changes mood suddenly and unexpectedly. Actually every decision goes by him. At any time, 10,000 employees are wondering. “What would Steve say?” not “What is the right thing to do?” said a former Apple executive.可知乔布斯不容易相处，选 B。9. 推理判断题。由 The colorful mid-priced
35、iMac has also succeeded by playing down the compatibility (兼容性) problem. Apple positioned it as the machine for the Internet, where compatibility questions are no big deal. Behind the scenes, Jobs streamlined (使成流线型) the product line, and also did a whole series of work for improving and selling the
36、 production.可推测出乔布斯作为一名设计师，使苹果公司产生了很大的不同，选 C。10. 词义猜测题。Meanwhile, over at Pixar, A Bugs Life nabbed a total $159 million in domestic box office,这句话的意思是同时，PIXAR 公司在国内市场中占有总计1.59 亿美元的收入，位居第三位，仅次于 Toy Story 和领头羊 Lion King 。 nabbed”的意思是赚的，故选 B。11. 写作意图题。这篇文章主要介绍的是一位能够同时兼做两份电子产品 CEO 工作的才华能人乔布斯，故选 B。DTwo
37、new studies suggest that modem running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other time
38、s they ran barefoot.Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect
39、was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine.The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from
40、 Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.Runners who wear shoes u
41、sually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.Harvards Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most
42、 running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.But the researchers d
43、o not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot.
44、The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.12. What can we learn from the passage?A. The way that we run by landing on the front or mi
45、ddle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.B. We should start running barefoot in no time.C. Running in modem running shoes could have more serious effects than running in high heels.D. We wont be injured if we run barefoot.13. How many organizations are involved in the two studies?A. Three. B.
46、Four.C. Five. D. Six.14. How did the researchers do the two studies?A. By practising. B. By comparing.C. By questioning. D. By reasoning.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Walking in high heels could have fewer serious effects than running barefoot.B. Two new discoveries encourage people to
47、 run in high heels.C. Running in shoes is partly good to runners.D. Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D【解析】文章主要阐述了两项研究的结果。两项新的研究显示，穿跑鞋对运动员的伤害会很大，而赤脚跑步能够减轻对膝盖、脚踝等的伤害。12. 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“But the study found that barefoot runners
48、generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.”可知，赤脚跑步的运动员，脚的前部或中部先落地，这样做会减轻落地时的冲击，不会伤到脚后跟，故选 A。13. 细节理解题。由 Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado
49、did the study.和 The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.可知有六个机构参与了这两次研究，选 D。14. 推理判断题。由 Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.可推断出研究人员通过比较进行研究，选B。15. 主旨大意题。文章主要阐述了两项研究的结果。两项新的研究显示，穿跑鞋对运动员的伤害会很大，
