1、Unit2 English Around the World,Australia,Canada,India,Ireland,New Zealand,South Africa,The U.S.A.,Singapore,Great Britain,Differences in vocabulary usage,B.E,A.E,James A.H. murray,Noah Webster,Noah Webster,Samuel Johnson,The American Dictionary of the English Languages,1. official adj. 官方的，正式的offici
2、al languageofficial newsn. 政府官员officer n. 军官 He is an officer in the army.,2,Journey, voyage, trip, tour, travel的用法区别,（1）. journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如：,E.g. How long is your journey to school?Only about 10 minutes.,（2）. voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如
3、：,E.g. She usually gets seasick during the voyage. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air.,（3）. trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，,E.g. We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.,（4）. tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如：,E.g. I will tour the world in th
4、e future. My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour .,（5）. travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。例如：,E.g. I am reading a book about the travel to North Pole. They came home after years of foreign travel. Light travels faster than sound.,3. becaus
5、e of后边加名词或动名词短语 because是连词, 所以后边跟句子 He came to work late because he got up late. He came to work late because of getting up late.,4. native adj. 本土的,本国的,土生的 (+to) The giant panda is native to China. The giant panda is a native of China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物。 n. 本地人,本国人 Are you a native here, or just a visito
6、r? 你是本地人， 或者只是游客?,5. come up come up to your apartment 上来, 走近; 被提出; （植物）发芽; （太阳）升起come up with 提出 想出 He came up with a good idea in the meeting. 问题在会议中被提出来了。 The problem came up in the meeting.,太阳升起来了。 The sun came up.他靠近并和我们打招呼。 He came up and said hello to us. 春天草会再度发芽。 The grass will come up agai
7、n in spring. come up with 提出 想出 He came up with a good idea in the meeting.,come across 偶然遇到，发现，被理解 come about 发生 come true 实现 come back 回来， 恢复记忆 come on 催促, 快速运动;得了吧 come out 出现，出版,开花 come in 进来 come over 从一地到另一地,1. His car _ the terrible traffic jam, so he had to call off his appointment with his
8、doctor. A. came about B. came across C. came up D. come on 2. -How did it _ that you made such a silly mistake? -I myself havent figured it out yet. A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on,6 .base (1) n._ Eg: Our companys base is in beijing. (2) vt. _用法：base A on B A以B为基础A be based on
9、 B A建于B基础之上 Eg: (1)One should always base his opinion on facts.Ones opinion should always be based on facts. (2)-What are you mailing, Linda? -A textbook_a new method of teaching physics. I want my friend to take a look at it.A.is based on B.based on C.basing on D.which based upon,被动,被动,基础；基地；根基,建于之
10、上；以为基础,7. at present =at the momentpresent (adj.) 现在的，目前的，可作前置定语 出席的，在场的，可作后置定语 the present situation/the people present be present at the meeting present (n.) 礼物=gift,8.make use of 利用 take advantage ofmake good use of _make full use _ be made use of eg:You must make good use of any chance to practi
11、se English.(2)The use you_time is really practical. A.make B.take C.make of D.take of,被动,同义词,被动,Any chance must be made good use of to practise english.,好好利用,充分利用,【联想】与make有关的短语make friends with 和交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make a decision 作出决定 make a face/faces 扮鬼脸 make progress in 在取得进步 make a choice,9latt
12、er adj较后的，后面的， (两者中) 后者的 I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture 我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。 Did he walk or swim across the river?The latter seems unlikely 他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可能。 【辨析】late，later, latter, lately,1)late是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的”。如： You are late again! 你又迟到了。2)later可作形容词，是late的比较级，意为“更迟的，更后
13、的”； 也可作副词，意为“稍后，随后”，常与on连用。如：,Ill tell you later. 我以后再告诉你。 3)latter最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”，常与the连用，固定搭配“the former，the latter”。如： Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 4)lately是副词，意为“近来，最近recently”。如： Have you been to Beijing lately? 你最近去过北京吗?,10.such as例如，诸如此类，像这样的 Ball games
14、 such as basketball and football are very exciting 球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。【辨析】such as, for example 1)such as用于列举同类人或事物中的若干 例子，但不能全部列出。如： Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，such as English and French 王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。,2) for example一般只列举几类人或事物中的一个”，其位置可在句首、句中或句末，经常用逗号分开。如： Mr Wang is good at
15、several foreign languages，for example，English 王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。,【经典例题】 Many famous singers, _ Wang Fei and SHE, have acted in films.A such B for example C that is D such as,用such as，for example填(1)What would you do if you met a wild animala lion，_? (2)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，_wheat，co
16、rn，cotton and rice.,for example,such as,command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。 command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气 老师命令他离开教室。 The teacher commanded that he (should)go out of the classroom. be under sbs command 在某人的指挥之下 have a good command of
17、 精通,3. He commanded that all the gates _. A. should shut C. would be shut B. shut D. be shut,3. request n.& v. 请求；要求I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事, He requested me _ (write) a letterof recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a le
18、tter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports.,to write,(should) write,are requested,像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语 用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”； 两个“命令(order，command)”； 三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四个“要求 (demand，ask，require，request)”；,5. play a part in在中起作用， 在中扮演角色 Th
19、e computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life 电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用。 She was unhappy because she played a small part in the play 她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角色。,【联想】与play a part in意思相同的短语 有play a role in。 【经典例题】 The new economic development zone will _ in the development of the area. A
20、 play a leading part B take part C play leading part D take a part,【答案】A,a number of意思是“一些，若干”（= some），后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。 表示数量大或小： a large/small number of许多/少数） 【辨析】a number of , the number of,the number of “的数字/数目”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of
21、 them kept on running to the end. 许多人参加了10000米跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。 A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。,The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是20人左右。 【经典例题】A number of people_ been invited to the party, but the exact number _ still unknown.A has; is B have; are C ha
22、s; are D have; is,Key Sentences 1Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries后来，在下个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家因此而开始说英语。,(1)注意voyage是可数名词，常和make搭配构成make a voyage to或make voyages to，
23、表 示“航行到”。单数表示一次航行。(2)初中学过because表示“因为”，与because of的区别是：because是连词，后面要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；because of中of是介词，后面只能跟名词或代词或ving作宾语。试比较：,Because it was raining outside，we stayed at home =Because of the rain outside, we stayed at home 因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。 【经典例题】 We must not lose heart only _ the difficulty we are fa
24、ced with. A because B because of C since D as,【答案】B,2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。 句中“even if they dont speak the same kind of English”是让步状语从句。如： They will stand by you even ifthough you dont suc
25、ceed 即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。,even if是一个连词短语，引导让步状语从句，含义是“即使；尽管”。当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用even if或even though。两者意思一样，用法也一样。 【经典例题】_ I fail this time, I would try again.A If only B Even if C whether D As if,【答案】B,3Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English信不信由你，没有标准英语这样的东西。 1)beli
26、eve it or not意为“信不信由你”，常在句中作插入语。如： Believe it or not，John will go abroad for further study next month 信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。 【联想学习】常见的插入语有： 1)to tell you the truth实话告诉你,To tell you the truth，Ill spend my summer vacation in Yunnan 实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。 2)generally speaking一般说来 Generally speaking，language le
27、arning needs a lot of practice 一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。 3)you knowyou see你知道 You see，my car broke down on the way 你知道，我的车在途中坏了。,4) I think我认为 His coat，I think，is really strange他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。 【经典例题】 It is so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than 30 years ago. A Whats more B Thats to say C In othe
28、r words D Believe it or not,【答案】D,(2)no such thing意为“没有这样的事情”。such与no, any, all, some, another, one，many，a few, a little等词连用时，常置于这些词之后。如： There is no such person in our school 我们学校没有这样的人。 I have met many such people我遇见过许多这样的人。,【经典例题】 We have _ book you are looking for.A such no B no such C not such
29、D no such a,【答案】B,4The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken 美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。 in which引导定语从句修饰先行词country，关系代词which作介词in的宾语，in which在定语从句中作地点状语，可用where代替。如： The factory in which he once worked has been dosed down 他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。,在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介词或短语介词。如：
30、 He studies in the school at the back of which there is a river. 他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。 Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag? 你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新大楼吗?,【经典例题】 The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which This is the reason _he didnt come to the
31、 meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which,【答案】A,【答案】D,5. Well，go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets 哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿过两条街道。 straight adv直接；挺直 adj直的；笔直的；正直的 Go straight down the road and then turn left 沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。,He went to bed straight after
32、supper 他晚饭后直接去睡了。 His friend is a tallslim girl with a straight nose 他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的姑娘。 As you know，his uncle is a straight man 如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。,【经典例题】 - Lucy doesnt have curly hair. - Yes, we can say she has _ hair.A nice B blonde C short D straight,【答案】D,.翻译下列必背短语,1.在中担任角色，在中起作用 _ 2.充分利用 _ 3.因
33、为，由于 _ 4.信不信由你 _ 5.走近，上来 _ 6.例如，像这种的 _ 7.以为基础 _ 8.与不同 _ 9.即使；尽管 _ 10.大量的，许多 _,play a role/part in,such as,be based on,be different from,even if/even though,because of,believe it or not,come up,make good/full use of,a (large) number of,The list of development of English,During the 5th century AD,Base
34、d on more German,Between about AD800and 1150,Like more Danish and French,By the 1600s,Shakespeare used a wider vocabulary than ever before,1620,British settlers moved to American in the “Mayflower”,From the 18th century,British colonized Australia,1765-1947,English spoken in India,By the 19th centur
35、y,Dictionaries standardized the spelling of English,Grammar 直接引语和间接引语(II) 直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视句义、功能与说话者的语气、态度选择恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下几个方面：,1直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在变为间接引语时，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在动词不定式前加上asktellorder, advise，invite，warn，beg，offer, encourage等动词，祈使句中的please在间接引语中不再出现。如
36、：,“Please speak English in class，the teacher said to us The teacher asked us to speak English in classBe careful with strangers,“ Mr Brown said to her Mr Brown warned her to be careful with strangers,“Mrs Smith，let me carry the heavy box for you，”said Mike Mike offered to carry the heavy box for Mrs
37、 Smith 若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将dont改为not to或never to。如： “Dont forget to turn off the light，” Mother said to Tom Mother asked Tom not to forget to turn off the light,2如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使 句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用suggest doing或suggest that结构。如： Wang Ping said，“Lets take a walk after supper.” Wang Ping suggested takin
38、g a walk after supper或：Wang Ping suggested that we should take a walk after supper,“Shall we listen to the music?” he said to me. He suggested listening to the music 或： He suggested that we should listen to the music 3如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句， 变为间接引语时，通常用“askadvise +sb+不定式结构”。如：,“Will you help me with my les
39、sons? Mary said to Jane Mary asked Jane to help her with her lessons“Would you mind moving over a bit?” she said to me She asked me to move over a bit,4最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引语的方法。由what或how引导的感叹句变为间 接引语时，可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。如： “What a beautiful dress it is!” she said She said what a beautiful dress it was 或：She said that it was a beautiful dress,
