1、浪漫主义文学,浪漫主义Romanticism,浪漫主义（Romanticism）是开始于18世纪西欧的艺术、文学、和文化运动，大约发生在1790年工业革命开始的前后。它注重以强烈的情感作为美学经验的来源，并且开始强调如不安、惊恐等情绪，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壮丽时表现出的敬畏。浪漫主义是对于启蒙时代以来的贵族和专制政治文化的颠覆，以艺术和文学反抗对于自然的人为理性化。浪漫主义重视民间艺术、自然、以及传统，主张一个根基于自然的知识论，以自然的环境来解释人类的活动，包括了语言、传统、习俗。浪漫主义受到了启蒙运动的理念影响，也吸收了中世纪文化复古的艺术成分。“浪漫”一词来自于“romance”代表了
2、源于中世纪文学和浪漫文学里颂扬英雄的诗赋风格。,Romanticism,Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political
3、norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation,
4、 horror and aweespecially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a “natural“ epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in
5、 the form of language, custom and usage.,浪漫主义与音乐,浪漫主义三大音乐家莫札特、海顿、贝多芬,贝多芬和肖邦,浪漫主义绘画,威廉特纳所绘的勇莽号战舰,欧仁德拉克罗瓦自由领导人民,背景,一，法国大革命以及自由主义（Liberalism）。 二，德国古典哲学。 三，英法空想社会主义（utopian socialism）。浪漫主义者的乌托邦（Utopia）意识。 四，文学渊源：荷马史诗，骑士文学，英国感伤主义。,Friedrich所绘的雾海上的流浪者,William Blake,William Blake (28 November 1757 12 Augus
6、t 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blakes work is now considered seminal in the history of both poetry and the visual arts.,Lake Poets 湖畔派诗人,The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. As
7、 a group, they followed no single “school“ of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement.The three main figures of what has become known as the Lake School were William Wordsworth,
8、 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.,威廉华兹华斯,William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads.,威廉华兹华斯（William Wordsworth
9、，1770年4月7日1850年4月23日），英国浪漫主义诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名，代表作有与柯尔律治合著的抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads）、长诗序曲（Prelude）等。曾当上桂冠诗人，湖畔诗人之一，文艺复兴以来最重要的英语诗人之一。,She Dwelt Among The Untrodden Ways,She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise And very few to love: A violet by a mossy
10、 stone Half hidden from the eye! -Fair as a star, when only one Is shining in the sky.She lived unknown, and few could know When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave, and, oh, The difference to me!,伊人居处车马稀， 鸽河源头傍清溪。 远离尘世无人颂， 深爱伊人有阿谁？ 青苔石畔紫罗兰， 半隐半现于眼前！ 凄美犹如星一点， 独自闪耀在长天。伊人在世无人知， 伊人离世无人提。 而今已是人天隔
11、， 独有诗客情自迷!,Lyrical Ballads,Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798; it is typically considered to have marked the beginning of the Romantic movement in literature. The immediate effect on critics was
12、modest, but it became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature and poetry.,乔治戈登拜伦,乔治戈登拜伦，第六代拜伦男爵（George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron，1788年1月22日英国伦敦1824年4月19日希腊），英国诗人、作家，引领风骚的浪漫主义文学泰斗。世袭男爵，人称“拜伦勋爵”（Lord Byron）。 他热爱自由，除了支持英国的民主改革外，十分同情希腊的独立运动，1823年他号召一支义勇军，前往希腊支援作战，不幸于1824年因疟
13、疾死于希腊。其代表作有恰尔德哈罗尔德游记，唐璜Don Juan等。,George Gordon Byron,George Gordon Byron, later Noel, 6th Baron Byron FRS was a British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. He is regarded as one of the greatest European poets and remains widely read and influential, both in the English-speaking world and beyo
14、nd. Byrons fame rests not only on his writings but also on his life. Byron served as a regional leader of Italys revolutionary organization the Carbonari. He later travelled to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero.,珀西比希雪莱,P
15、ercy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language.,On A Faded Violet 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰,The odor from the flower is gone, 这朵花的香气已经散失， Which like thy kisses breathed on me; 如你的吻对我吐露过的
16、气息； The color from the flower is flown, 这朵花的颜色已经退去， Which glowed of thee, and only thee! 如你曾焕发过的明亮，只有你！ A shriveled, lifeless, vacant form, 一个萎缩、死的、空虚的形体， It lies on my abandoned breast, 它在我荒废的胸口， And mocks the heart, which yet is warm, 以它冷漠和无声的安息 With cold and silent rest. 嘲弄我那仍炽热的心。 I weep - my te
17、ars revive it not; 我哭泣，泪水无法复活它； I sigh - it breathes no more on me; 我叹息，它的气息永远不再； Its mute and uncomplaining lot 它沉默、无怨的命运， Is such as mine should be. 正是我所应得的。,济慈John Keats,John Keats (31 October 1795 23 February 1821) was one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. During his short
18、 life, his work received constant critical attacks from periodicals of the day, but his posthumous influence on poets such as Alfred Tennyson has been immense. Elaborate word choice and sensual imagery characterize Keatss poetry, including a series of odes that were his masterpieces and which remain
19、 among the most popular poems in English literature.,Epitaph,This Grave contains all that was mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET, who on his Death Bed in the Bitterness of his heartat the Malicious Power of his enemies desired these words to be Engraven on his Tomb Stone:(Here lies One Whose Name was wr
20、it in Water.),When I have Fears that I may Cease to Be,When I have fears that I may cease to be Before my pen has gleand my teeming brain, Before high piled books, in charactry, Hold like rich garners the full-ripend grain; When I behold, upon the nights starrd face, Huge cloudy symbols of a high ro
21、mance, And think that I may never live to trace Their shadows, with the magic hand of chance;,And when I feel, fair creature of an hour! That I shall never look upon thee more, Never have relish in the faery power Of unreflecting love;then on the shore Of the wide world I stand alone, and think, Til
22、l Love and Fame to nothingness do sink.,每当我害怕,每当我害怕，生命也许等不及 我的笔搜集完我蓬勃的思潮， 等不及高高一堆书，在文字里， 象丰富的谷仓，把熟谷子收好； 每当我在繁星的夜幕上看见 传奇故事的巨大的云雾征象， 而且想，我或许活不到那一天， 以偶然的神笔描出它的幻相； 每当我感觉，呵，瞬息的美人！ 我也许永远都不会再看到你， 不会再陶醉于无忧的爱情 和它的魅力！于是，在这广大的 世界的岸沿，我独自站定、沉思， 直到爱情、声名，都没入虚无里。,维克多雨果,Victor-Marie Hugo (February 26, 1802 May 22, 1
23、885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France.,维克多雨果（Victor Hugo，1802年2月26日1885年5月22日），法国浪漫主义作家的代表人物，是19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学运动的领袖，法国文学史上卓越的作家。 雨果几乎经历了19世纪法国的所有重大事变。一生创作了众多诗歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文艺评论及政论文章。,乔治桑,Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness Dudevant (July 1, 1804 June 8, 1876), best known by her pseudonym George Sand , was a French novelist and feminist. 乔治桑（George Sand）（1804年7月11日1876年6月8日），原名阿曼蒂娜欧萝尔露茜杜班（Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin），法国19世纪著名女作家，浪漫主义女性文学和女权主义文学的先驱。,
