1、,必备知识梳理,方法规律技巧,课 时 作 业,2物主代词 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能和名词连用,对名词起限定作用。名词性物主代词在意思上相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”,在句中起名词作用,作主语、宾语或补语。如: His hat is a brown one. 他的帽子是一个棕色的。,Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Our school beat theirs at baseball. 在棒球赛中我们学校打赢了他们的学校。,3指示代词 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语和起限定作用。如: Those presen
2、t at the meeting included the mayor and mayoress and the local members of parliament. 那些到会的包括市长、市长夫人和地方上的议会人员。,Shall we buy this book or that one? 我们买这本书还是那本? I like that one. 我喜欢那本。 Hello.This is Jim. Is that John? 你好,我是吉姆。你是约翰吗?,4反身代词 反身代词是用后缀self(复数selves)加上第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词,或者加上第三人称代词的宾格形式构成的。可
3、在句中作宾语、表语或同位语,也可由并列连词连接,与另一词并列作主语。如: Tom and Ann blamed themselves for the accident. 汤姆和安因这场事故而责备他们自己。 Frank is not quite himself today. 弗兰克今天有些不舒服。,5相互代词 表示相互关系的代词称为相互代词,只有each other和one another,它们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。在现代英语中,它们可以替换使用。如: We have known each other since we were children. 我们
4、儿时就彼此熟识。 They looked at one another,in hatred and despair. 他们憎恨和绝望地互相看着对方。,6疑问代词 疑问代词常用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首,并在句中作某一句子成分,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。如: Who is going to speak to us tomorrow? 明天谁会来跟我们讲话?,What do you usually have for lunch? 你午饭一般吃什么? Which of the three girls is the olde
5、st? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?,7关系代词 关系代词是用来引导形容词性从句的,有主格、宾格和所有格,也有人称和非人称之分。如: He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. 谁想吃这种水果必须得爬树。 Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 汤姆读了四年大学,期间他学习了法语。,8.不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some,any,no等的合成代词或名词短
6、语,如anybody,something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词或形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如: Everything went according to the plan, didnt it? 一切都按计划进行,是吗?,Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢? All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。,(2)指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性
7、别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如: Who is knocking at the door? Its me. Ive broken a plate. It (Breaking the plate)doesnt matter.(前面所提到过的事情),(3)it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。如: I think it necessary that we have the meeting. 我认为开这个会是有必要的。 It is said that all of them have gone
8、to the cinema. 据说他们都去看电影了。,(4)it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词,尤其是表示好恶的动词后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to后,即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it。如: I take it that you dont agree with me. 我的理解是:你不同意我的见解。 I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有时,非得用法语打电话,我感到很讨厌。,2both,all,either,an
9、y,neither,none的用法,如:(1)When shall we meet again? 咱们什么时候再见面? Make it any day you like;its all the same to me. 你喜欢哪天就哪天;对我来说,哪天都无所谓。 (2)Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? 周一和周二你哪天能来? Im afraid neither day is possible. 恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。,3some,any,no与one,body,thing构成的合成词的用法 some,any,no可以与one,body,thing构成合成代
10、词。和some,any一样,somebody等词一般用于肯定句,anybody等词一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件从句。somebody等词表示请求、建议或反问等语气时,也可用于疑问句。nothing和nobody表示全部否定。无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中,everything,everyone和everybody都表示“全部,所有”。,当先行词为everyone,everybody,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody等复合词时,需用代词指代或相应的限定词修饰时,通常按照语法一致原则用单数形式,但在非正式语体中,也可根据意义一致的原则用复数形式。如:
11、Make sure you get everything ready before you leave. 你离开前一定要把一切准备好。 Anybody can attend the meeting. 任何人都可以参加这个会议。 Someone left their umbrella behind yesterday. 昨天有人忘了带伞。,4every,each的用法 each强调“个体”,既可作代词又可作形容词,指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”;every强调“全体”,只能作定语,指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。each作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,作同位语时,谓语动词的数要和主语一致,如: Th
12、ere are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。,Every student has to take the examination. All the students have to take the examination. 每个学生都必须参加考试。,5全部否定与部分否定 none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any以及no名词均表示全部否定;但当not出现在含有表示肯定的不定代词的句子中时,not在其前或其后都表示部分否定。例如: Both of us are not teachers. 我们俩不都是
13、老师。(部分否定) Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是老师。(全部否定),All of the books are not English books.(或Not all of the books are English books.) 这些书不都是英语书。(部分否定) None of the books are English books. 所有的书都不是英语书。(全部否定),6other,another,the other,others,the others (1)other作前置定语,表示“另外的”。如: We study Chinese,maths,E
14、nglish and other lessons. 我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。 (2)another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。用于单数可数名词前。如: I dont want this bag.Please give me another one. 我不想要这个包。请给我另一个。,(3)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。如: There are six people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys. 房间里有六个人。四个是女孩,其余的两个是男孩。 (4)others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。如: Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are climbing the hill. 一些人在唱歌跳舞,一些人在画画,还有一些人在爬山。,