1、雅思基础语法,Vino Yu,Lesson 3,名词性从句被动语态,名词性从句,我想说我喜欢那个女孩。 I want to say that I love that girl. 我想说的是我喜欢那个女孩。 What I want to say is that I love that girl. 我想说实话，我喜欢那个女孩。 I want to tell the truth that I love that girl.,名词性从句,Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people.(剑9，T4，S，P2) You should
2、 say:who this person is/waswhere this person lives/livedwhat he/ she has done to help people and explain how you know about this person.,名词性从句,who this person is/was Who I want to tell you is my bosom friend. She has done a lot to help other people. I want to say that my bosom friend is the person w
3、ho is willing to help people . It is my bosom friend who I want to tell you. She often helps the person who is in trouble . The one that I want to tell you about is my bosom friend. She always likes helping others. ,名词性从句,名词性从句,引导词与从句之间没有固定的搭配关系 That It is our project that we will solve the problem.
4、(同位语从句) Whether The fact is whether we want or not, we have to solve the problem.（表语从句） What What we should do is to confirm that we have solved the problem.（主语从句） Whenever We confirm whenever it is, we could solve the problem.（宾语从句）,常见引导词,that：只引导，本身无意义，不作句子成分 Johannes Kepler, in the early 17th cen
5、tury, had shown that the distances of the planets from the Sun governed their orbital speeds, which were easily measurable. (剑9，T2，R2)在17世纪早期，Johannes Kepler就认为行星与太阳之间的距离控制着行星的轨道速度，这个很容易就能测量到。,常见引导词,that：只引导，本身无意义，不作句子成分 Lozanovs instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections
6、made in the brain through unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made through conscious processing. (剑7，T1，R3) Lozanov的指导方法基于这样的证据，即大脑通过无意识处理所取得的联系比通过有意识处理所取得的更持久。,常见引导词,if, whether：引导,不作句子成分，有意义You might wonder how we can tell whether foss
7、il animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found.（剑9，T1，R3） 你可能会问，我们是如何通过动物化石来判断它们是生活中水中还是陆地上的，尤其当我们只找到一些化石碎片的时候。,常见引导词,who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等:有意义，作成分What the government needs now is a lot of loyal supporters.In fact, which we should complet
8、e first is to ensure what is needed to established, which is whether or not this is actually true.,常见引导词,where, when, how, why, how much, how often, wherever, whenever, however等:有意义，作状语,We can cause the lightening to strike where we want it to using rockets, says Ralpgh Bernstein, manager of lighten
9、ing projects at EPRI.(剑8，T3，R1) “我们可以利用火箭使得闪电袭击我们希望它袭击的地方。”EPRI闪电计划经理Ralgh Bernstein如是说。,名词性从句,宾语从句：谓语动词之后 主语从句：谓语动词或系动词之前 表语从句：系动词之后 同位语从句：表同一意义的名词之后,名词性从句,合并句子 When will he come? I dont know. _He asked the young lady. Where does the bus head to? _,I dont know when he will come.He asked the young l
10、ady where the bus headed to. 注意：语序；时态,宾语从句,e.g. I think (that) communicating with friends by phone is more convenient than writing email or text messages. People now wonder what makes children feel so much pressures in their lives.,宾语从句,e.g. Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA
11、 experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever.(剑9，T3，R3) 传感器和电路已经接近崩溃的边缘。美国宇 航局专家意识到他们必须采取措施，否则就会永远 和“旅行者1号”失去联系。,宾语从句,1. Some people do strongly believe that （有人坚信） 2. Some people hold that （有人认为） 3. Some people point out that （有人指出） 4. Some people insist
12、that （有人坚持） 5. Some people maintain that （有人坚持） 6. Some people argue that （有人反驳） 7. Some people contend that （有人争辩） 8. Some people deem that（有人认为） 9. Some people assert that（有人声称） 10. Some people agree that（有人同意） 11. Nobody can deny that（无可否认，）,宾语从句,填空 She suggested _ we should complete the task as
13、soon as possible. I cant imagine _ my life will be without your help. Can you tell me _ is responsible for the project? Please tell us _ people did not subscribe to the resolution.,Task,翻译 Some people do strongly believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school progra
14、mmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children).(剑9，T2，W2)有人坚信，无报酬的社区服务（如为慈善机构工作，改善附近地区，或教更小的孩子体育运动）应该成为中学必修课程的一部分。,Task,翻译 我认为小孩每天花太多时间在电脑上不好。 他们觉得这座城市变化没有那么大。 专家指出应该鼓励年轻人开拓视野。,I agree that it is no good for children spending too much tim
15、e on computers everyday. They dont think the city has changed that much. The experts pointed out that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.,主语从句,e.g. What caused the status quo(现状) is still a mystery. How the house will be decorated depends on the owner himself.语序；主句谓语动词单复数,主语
16、从句,e.g. What we appreciate, enjoy or marvel（对感到惊讶） at in the works of genius or the achievements of prodigies（奇才） are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are similar to, but so much superior to, our own.(剑8，T3，R2) 天才的作品或神童的成就令人欣赏、喜爱和惊叹之处在于其体现了他们的技能和本领，这些技能和本领虽然与我们的相似，但远远高于我们的水平。,主语从句,判断
17、What they had done to tackle the problem are useless.When will the new movie release is not known to any of us.What they had done to tackle the problem is useless.When the new movie will release is not known to any of us.,主语从句,改写 The restaurant which I enjoy most is the one that next to my home. Whi
18、ch restaurant I enjoy most is the one that next to my home.Im sorry that I have brought so many troubles. What I have brought is nothing but troubles and I am sorry for that.,主语从句,翻译任何一个有责任感（sense of responsibility）的人都应该为自己的所作所为负责。目前除了学好英语、通过雅思考试我什么都不想考虑。,It is +名词+ that从句,It is a fact that. 事实是. It
19、 is an honor that. .非常荣幸 It is a common belief that. 人们普遍认为. It is a great pity that. 很遗憾，.,It is +名词+ that从句,翻译 (剑9，T1，S，P1)Games and sports are very important. It is a common belief that we can relieve the stress and exercise the body with them. It is also a fact that we can learn about good sport
20、smanship and improve hand-eye coordination(手眼协调能力) through physical sports.,It is +名词+ that从句,翻译 很荣幸能有这个机会说出我对他的感谢和思念。 人们普遍认为这个观点是不合适的。 很遗憾他错过了这次至关重要的比赛。It is an honor that I can have such an valuable opportunity to express my thanks and my missing to him. It is a common belief that this point of vi
21、ew is improper. It is a great pity that he missed the significant competition.,It is +形容词+ that从句,It is natural that. 很自然. It is obvious / evident that. 显然，. It is likely that. 很可能. It is imperative / necessary / essential that. 是必要的 It is urgent that. .是迫切的,It is +形容词+ that从句,填空 It is _ that women
22、do most of the shopping. It is _ to note that these respondents were interviewed at the supermarket.It is _ global energy consumption will rise nearly sixty percent in the next twenty years, which is due to factors such as population growth, urbanization, and economic and industrial expansion.,It is
23、 +形容词+ that从句,改写 To educate our children about healthy eating and physical exercise is important.To provide support and help parents with some housework are both essential.Nowadays playing violent games might encourage children to become aggressive in real life are concerned by some people.,It is /
24、has / can be +过去分词+ that从句,It is reported that. 据报道. It is estimated that. 据估计. It is widely accepted / widely acknowledged / generally believed that. 人们普遍认为./人们公认为. It has been proved that. 已证实. It can not be denied that. 不可否认.,It is / has / can be +过去分词+ that从句,判断改错 It is report that there will be
25、 a sharp decrease on the price of food in three months. It is been estimated that over 1,000 students has passed the IELTS exam so far in our university. It can not deny that comparing with telephone and text messages, most young people prefer choosing qq as their daily communication tool in China.,
26、Task,The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport. Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.（剑8，T4，W1）,Sample writing,It is shown by the line chart tha
27、t million tonnes of goods were transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002. It has been proved that there was a sharp rise to 95 million tonnes in 1999, with a slight rise thereafter. It can be observed clearly that there was a great increase to almost 60 million tonnes by 1982 and this level remain
28、ed for over a decade. ,表语从句,e.g. The fact is that we all now are facing a huge trouble. The question is why so many people believe they can get what they want easily without paying anything in exchange.,表语从句,e.g. One glaring disadvantage of pesticides application is that, while destroying harmful pe
29、sts, they also wipe out many useful non-targeted organisms, which keep the growth of the pest population in check. （剑8，T4，R2） 使用杀虫剂的一个明显缺陷是，杀死害虫同时也会消灭许多有益的非定标性的生物，这些生物可控制害虫数量的过分增长。,Task,翻译 事实是我们今天不能去看电影了。 我们应该做的是不得不仔细考虑并立刻解决现在的问题。 问题是他们不知道大部分人对这个事情的看法是什么。The fact is that we cant go to the movies tod
30、ay. What we should do is that we have to consider about the current problem carefully and tackle it immediately. The problem is that they are not sure about the most peoples views on this issue.,It +不及物动词+ that从句,It seems that. 似乎. It appears to sb. that. 据某人看来. It occurs to sb. that. 浮现在某人的脑海中 It g
31、oes without saying that 毋庸置疑,It +不及物动词+ that从句,翻译 据某些专家看来，英语并非学得越早越好。 我一看到这个视频时，Steve曾提醒我注意那个人的事就浮现在了我的脑海中。 对于这个问题我们似乎应该再多加一些考虑。 毋庸置疑，现在人们对于运动和健康之间的关系了解得更加清楚了。It appears to some experts that for English studying it is not true that the earlier you start, the better you will learn. It occurs to me th
32、at Steve has reminded me of the person as soon as I see the video. It seems that we should consider more about the issue. It goes without saying that people understand the relationship between the sport and health better now.,同位语从句,e.g. It is the fact that everyone should know.The truth that the car
33、 was crashed unexpectedly has been proved by the police.,与定语从句的区别,连接词/引导词是否在从句中充当成分 e.g. Here is the problem that produced a lot of troubles to us. that: 主语 定语从句Here is the problem that we should tackle the troubles immediately. that: 不充当任何从句中的成分 同位语从句,同位语从句,e.g. You might say that this is a problem
34、 of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits.也许你会说它们天生就是这样，只要改变生活习性在白天出来捕食就可以了。(剑7，T1，R1),同位语从句,We can not deny the fact/truth that Some hold the opinion that There is such possibility that The proposal that We come to the conclusion that ,Task,翻译 We can not deny t
35、he fact that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. (剑7，T2，W2) 我们不能否认的一个事实是，每种犯罪行为都应该有固定惩罚。,他们面临的问题是，最近的加油站也在30英里以外。 They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 miles away. What they are facing now is the question that the nearest filling station is 30 miles a
36、way.,Task,翻译 一个人的实际能力才是我们应该真正看重的。 然而，关于这是一件好事还是坏事，不同的人有不同的看法。 来中国的留学生越来越多这一事实上我们无法否认的。 在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。 不同的人们对于全球化是否有利于经济的发展这个问题持有不同的看法。 令人感到遗憾的是大多数人对于这个问题还没有清晰的认识。,Task,Sample answers 一个人的实际能力才是我们应该真正看重的。 What we should value most is the persons real capabilities. 然而，关于这是一件好事还是坏事，不同的人有不同
37、的看法。 However, different people have different views on the issue whether it is good or just the opposite. 来中国的留学生越来越多是我们无法否认的。 It is undeniable that an increasing number of foreign students are coming to China for study.,Task,翻译 在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。 Before discussing my point of view, whats i
38、mportant in my mind is to consider about two sides of the problem. 不同的人们对于全球化是否有利于促进经济发展这个问题持有不同的看法。 People have various points on the argument that the globalization is beneficial to improve the economical development or not. 令人感到遗憾的是大多数人对于这个问题还没有清晰的认识。 The unfortunate reality is that most people d
39、ont get a crystal clear about the issue.,Task,It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these vie
40、ws and give your own opinion.（剑7，T1，W2）,Sample writing,人们谈到什么可以造就成功人士比如出色的运动员或者音乐 家时，观点自然就会出现差异。有的人认为天性在决定一个人 是否会成为某个领域的专家方面发挥了主导的作用，有的人认 为是后天的培养对此产生了直接的影响。Whenever people talk about what make successful persons such as outstanding athletes or musicians, their views will certainly differ from that n
41、ature fills a dominant role in determining if one may possibly become an expert in some field to that it is nurture that exerts direct effects.,Sample writing,必须要承认，的确存在着那些生来就具备一些天分 的人，这些天分预示他们会胜出的可能性。换句话 说，如果不具备这些对掌握某种技能有某种程度帮助 的天性，就几乎没有成为精英的可能。此外，越来 越多的证据表明，具备一些天分的人会比那些没有这 方面天分的人取得更大的成就，这也成为了取得进一
42、步成功的动力。因此，越来越多的家长开始观察甚至 做实验来检验自己的孩子是否有幸具备一些使之超越 他人的天分。,Sample writing,It must be admitted that there indeed exist some people born with talents which predict the possibility for a would-be winner. In other words, without these suitable characters which more or less are beneficial to master some skil
43、ls, there is little likelihood to become elites in an area. Also, there is growing evidence that those with born talents achieve more than those who do not have, which naturally become a motivator for further triumph. Therefore, an increasing number of parents begin to observe or even experiment to
44、judge if their children fortunately possess some talents to allow them to excel.,Sample writing,但是，有的人却同意这个理念，即有了专业和系统的培训， 在学术或娱乐领域，每个人都会毫不惊奇地带来惊人的表现。 事实上，如果仔细观察，那些后来创造惊人成就的学生已经从 父辈那里继承了一些基因。因此，如果没有令人羡慕的天赋， 良好的教育体系和自身的努力最多可以使一个人在某个领域不 落伍，而无法使其登上顶峰。,Sample writing,However, some people still argue for
45、 the belief that with professional and systematic training, each one may have not surprisingly brilliant performance in not only academic but also entertainment field. Those who are capable of making amazing achievement in later days, as a matter of fact, have inherited some talents via genes if res
46、earched carefully. As a result, if not having enviable talents, sound education system and hard working can at most quality someone in one field, but never send him/her to the top.,Sample writing,总而言之，我坚定地认为天分是成为体育、音乐等领域顶尖 人物的前提，毫无疑问，后天的培养只能赋予人们一些基本技 巧。In conclusion, my strongly held view is that na
47、tural talents are the prerequisite for anyone who desire to be excellent in some areas like sport and art, but subsequent professional training will unquestionably endow anyone with basic skills.,被动语态,They allow the cans to cool. They sterilize the cans using a special heating process. They take the
48、 fruit to the cannery in large trucks. They check the fruit before storage and they reject any poor quality fruit.,The cans are allowed to cool. The cans are sterilized using a special heating process. The fruit is taken to the cannery in large trucks. The fruit is checked before storage and any poo
49、r quality fruit is rejected.,被动语态,强调宾语，主语不重要或不明确 All applications are processed on the spot. 正式语体，降低主观性 You are advised to return the application form within three days. 描述过程（自然、生物等除外） The company now is controlled by a chairman and twelve executive officers who are elected by employees. 接前面的话题或句子，或与下面的相连 Does the government run the university? No, the university is run by a private Limited Company which set up it ten years ago. The executive officers are held accountable by the union council. The council is also elected by the students population.,
