1、英语阅读教程,Reading Training Course,归纳概括主题 ( Title and Main Idea ),归纳概括主题 ( Title and Main Idea )归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。 要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。 找出主题句(topic sentence) 是一个有用的方法。,中心意思(main idea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(the best title)可以是
2、一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。 除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有： The main point of the passage is . The passage deals mainly with . The passage is about . What does the passage mainly discuss? What is the authors main purpose ? ,Reading Training Course,Paragraph 1,Wouldnt it be terrible if, we didnt hav
3、e grass? We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like? On a rainy day we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust. 1. The story mainly tells _. A. why we need rain B. how grass is kept green C. how grass helps us D. without grass we
4、would have to walk on bare soil,c,Paragraph 2,Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world. 2. From the passage we know _. A. why r
5、ats are an enemy of people B. how rats destroy our food C. why rats cause disease D. why rats were dangerous to people long ago,A,Paragraph 3,Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters. Sometimes they spray a “cake smell“ into the air. At other times they s
6、pray the fresh smell of baking bread. These smells are enough to make people s mouths water. The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake, bread, rolls , and other baked goods! 3. The main idea of the paragraph is_. A. what cake smells like B. why bakeries make money C. how people are at
7、tracted to bakery counters D. what bakery counters in supermarkets sell,C,Paragraph 4,The Manhattan (New York City) telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation. About 1,500, 000 copies of this book are printed each -year. To make the paper of the books, 43, 000 trees are cut down.
8、 There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns. If all the copies of this book were stacked on top of each other, they would make a pile forty miles high. 4. The subject of the paragraph is _. A. what the Manhattan phone book is like B. where the Manhattan book is printed C. how
9、many telephones are there in New York D. who printed the first phone book,A,Paragraph 5,The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total, defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonaparte s Frenc
10、h Army. At stake were the whole continent of Europe and Napoleon s dream of an empire. In a few days over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born Waterloo. 5. The subject of the paragraph is _. A. where Waterloo is B. who named Waterloo C. why Napoleon
11、 and the French Army were defeated at Waterloo D. how the word Waterloo came to mean defeat,D,Paragraph 1,What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California. Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans. These are seaweeds that grow almost seven
12、hundred feet tall. Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet. To get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty. This huge figure rises only three hundred feet. 1. The passage can be entitled _. A. Redwoods in California B. The Statue of Libert
13、y C. Seaweed D. The Tallest Plants,A,Paragraph 2,We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of nature s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America s great western plains, they killed millions
14、of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake. 2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?_ A. Nature Balance Itself B. Floods and Earthquakes C. American Settlers D. Hu
15、mans-a Disaster to Nature,D,Paragraph 3,At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soil was beginning to
16、 wear out, crops were smaller. The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations (种植园) in Alabama and Mississippi. What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England
17、that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduce
18、d. Hard times had come to South Carolina.,3Which of the following sentences can summarize (概括) the main idea of the passage? A. Hard times had come to South Carolina. B. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. C. The soil was farmed by uneducated and c
19、areless slaves. D. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations.,A,Paragraph 4,When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed. The ash that is left behind does not look like the original piece of paper. When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tinware (锡制品), it is
20、 quite different from the gleaming tin. The tarnish that forms on silverware is a new substance unlike the silver itself. Animal tissue (组织) is unlike the vegetable substance from which it is made. A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical cha
21、nge. 4. The author writes this passage to tell us _. A. how paper burns B. that dull-red on tinware is unlike tin itself C. that animal tissue is different from plants D. what a chemical change is,D,Paragraph 1,One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used
22、against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than on
23、e percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected. 1. which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Dangerous Weapon B. Guns in the Second World War C
24、. A Terrible Pneumonia D. An Important Drug,D,Paragraph 2,Mr. Brown, a shopkeeper, was going to count the day s cash takings. There was more than 300 in notes. He was about to put them in a bag. He heard a sound. A door at the back of the room was opening. A voice shouted “Dont shout. Dont look roun
25、d. I have a gun.“ Mr. Brown stood still. The voice went on, “Drop that bag and the notes. Go and stand in the corner beside the safe. Keep quite still. Remember, I have a gun.“ Mr. Brown was frightened. He obeyed all the robber s orders. The robber picked up the notes and was about to go out by the
26、door at the back of the room. It was a quarter past six. John Taylor arrived outside that very same back door. He raised his hand and was about to knock. At that very moment,the robber opened the door. He was frightened to see John there. He lost his head. He became panic-stricken. He tried to push
27、his way past John. But John was suspicious. He blocked the robber s way. There was a fight. Mr. Brown heard the fight. He forgot his fear, turned round and rushed from his corner. He threw both his arms round the robber. This pinned the robber s arms to his sides so he could not use his gun. At the
28、same moment John struck the robber hard in the stomach and knocked all the breath out of his body. The robber fell to the ground in a pile. He still held the notes but his gun fell on the floor and John quickly picked it up. All was now over. Soon the police arrived.,2. The main idea of this passage
29、 is _. A. a robber robbed a shop B. Mr. Brown and Mr. Taylor fought against a robber C. None but the brave can win victory D. John Taylor was a brave man,C,Paragraph 3,Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat“, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart
30、starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream. Although the cat doesnt realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things. It will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as it
31、 can. Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions (feelings), our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get read
32、y to defend ourselves or run.,Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in angeror hit somebodyand regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody y
33、ou were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always wise to express your feelings freely. Does this mean that its smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside,
34、 your body stays tense. Physical illness can develop, and you can feel churned up inside. It can actually be bad for your health. (It isnt good to keep pleasant feelings inside either; all feelings need to be expressed.),Feeling that you keep all bottled up inside, dont just go away. Its as if bough
35、t some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but before long youd smell them, if you opened the cupboard, chances are youd see little fruit flies hovering all over them. Theyd be rotten. You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can
36、 hide them and you can pretend they dont exist, but theyll still be around. And at last youll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.,3. The best title for this article is _. A. Emotions Affect Our Bodies B. What Happens to A Frightened Cat C. What Happens to An Excited Person D. Feelings T
37、hat People Have 4. The author wrote this article in order to _. A. tell us that it isnt good to keep feelings inside B. give us some advice on how to express our feelings C. make us face the problem that we have to deal with feelings D. make us know that it isnt always wise to express our feelings f
38、reely,A,C,Paragraph 4,It is possible to do many simple tricks with numbers. Here is one trick. It has several separate steps. First, write down your house number. For example, if your address is 73 Lemon Street, you would write down 73. After you write down your house address, next double it. Then a
39、dd five to this doubled number. For example, if your address was 73 and you doubled it, you would get 146. Then, if you added five, youd get 151. Then multiply this number by 50. In our example here, youll get 7550. The next step is to add your age to this total. For example, if youre 26 years old,
40、you should add 26 to this total.,In our example here, the result would be 7576. After that you have to add the number of days in a year, which is 365. In our example here, 365 added to 7576 is 7941. The final step is this: Subtract 615 from the number that you have. Take away 615 from the total, In
41、our example, 7941 minus 615 is 7326. The result here - 7326 - is the trick. The first part of the number is the address and the last part of the number is the age of the person. That is, 73 is the address that we started with, and 26 is the age that we used.,5. The best title of the passage is _. A.
42、 The number tricks B. A trick with numbers C. An interesting problem D. How to work out a difficult trick,B,Section 4 paragraph 1,An Australian wildlife park attendant survived a crocodile attack after her father jumped on the huge crocodiles back and dug out its eyes as the horrified tourists looke
43、d on. Karla Bredl, 21, was in a fairly good condition in good care in hospital with a broken bone, a broken leg and some injuries after the attack. The 4.5 - metre crocodile caught Karla Bredl around the leg and then the waist when she fell during a crocodile feeding show for tourists. Karlas father
44、 seized a long-handled tool and beat the crocodile about the head to force it to let go of her, but the tool was doing nothing. So he jumped on its back and stuck his fingers in its eyes and the crocodile let go of her.,B,1. The best title of the passage is _. A. The Hateful Crocodile B. Father Save
45、d Daughters Life C. A Terrible Accident D. The Dangerous Place,Passage 2,Trees should only be pruned (剪除) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperien
46、ced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage result from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same t
47、ime to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape.,Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree m
48、ay be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal (治愈) . Often there is a race between the hea
49、ling and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential (基本的) to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be
50、 slowed down by roughness.,You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference
51、 from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 2. What was the writers purpose when writing this passage? A. To give practical instructions for pruning a tree B. To give a general description of pruning C. To explain how trees develop diseases D. To discuss different methods of pruning,
