1、大学英语四级 -听力,听力试题分值比例,四级听力关键预览,重要性: 划出核心单词 猜测主要内容 做到心中有数 提高自信,提高听力效果,四级听力关键预览,调整预览顺序 先看长对话和篇章, 后看短对话,最后看听写 短对话:考试说明大概是120秒 长对话:无考试说明 篇章:考试说明的时间只有35秒; 复合式听写:考试说明是60秒左右, 预览心诀:竖看+联想,四级听力关键预览,通过预览,听的时候就更有方向,而且很多单词由于事先看过,就能很容易听出来。 很多情况下,共同信息越多的选项不但是预览的重点,而且还可以直接成为正确答案。,词汇策略,听的过程难免会碰见生词,因此 1. 词汇是基础,扩大词汇量。 2
2、. 碰到生词时,跳过去继续往下听。 3. 利用上下文猜测生词和词组。 4. 听写,不会拼记发音。,笔记策略,记录关键词或重要信息,并运用缩写、符号等培养自己的记笔记风格。如: equal写成“=”; imp.=important; nec.=necessary 1. 在听音过程中,记录一些细节(如时间,地点,人物,数字等)。 2. 分清男女,W还是M 3. 在听音过程中,有效地运用缩写、符号等速记形式。,听力的备考方法-精听,四遍精听法: Step 1 听第一遍时认真做题,核对答案并分析错因; Step 2 再精听4-5次,重点放在听懂句子和题目信息点上,试着根据听到的内容猜测未听到的内容,根
3、据其发音特点猜测单词; Step 3 对照文字材料找答案和考点; Step 4 跟读,注意语音语调,力求听出每一个细微的单词。,听力题型考查重点及解题技巧,1 对话 对话部分考查的重点有: 1 ) 地点 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种: (1) 根据信息词设题 (2) 借助对话中提到的多个地点设题,(1) 根据信息词设题 W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, r
4、oom service. Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the mans house. 该题通过 hungry 和 menu 来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择 B ,其实,本题所借助的信息词是 room service 和 320 这个房间号,答案是 A 。,(2) 借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情
5、况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如: M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain , Germany , and Spain. Q: Which country did the boss visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为 B 。, M: Wil
6、l Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend? W: Hell be supposed to ,but he wont be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip. 本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为 C 。,2 ) 职业、身份 根据说话内容判
7、断说话者的身份和职业是四六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种:(1) 说话者自身的身份或职业 (2) 说话双方之间的关系,说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份: W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. Im with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M: Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray. A. A writer. B.
8、 A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student. 由 local newspaper 可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。,(2) 说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers? M: Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think weve got one. Could you
9、wait until after take-off please? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?,A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress. take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是 B 。 可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然,要判断双方的关
10、系,还可以从说话的方式入手。,如: M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient. 两人间
11、说话的语气和方式表明是 “ 老板与秘书 “ 的关系。,为此,同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇, 如: 饭店 :menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch (AA制), Its my treat 等; 旅馆 :check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk 等; 医院 :physician, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, visiting hours, prescribe, pill 等
12、; 银行:open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check 等; 飞机 / 机场: flight, safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash 等。,3 )计算题 计算题在四六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如: M: Your son seems to have made much progress in playing th
13、e piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too.,Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a w
14、eek. 两次加一次自然是三次,答案是 C 。,W: Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here is $1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $1.40. B. $4.30. C. $6.40. D. $8.60 10 美元,两张票,找零 1.40 美元,说明每张票为 4.30 美元。 从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一
15、些简单的加减运算。,4 )言外之意、弦外之音 推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看,大体有一下几种:(1) 对虚拟语气的考查 (2) 对建议的考查 (3) 对话题的考查 (4) 同义表达方式的考查 (5) 上下义概念的考查,(1) 对虚拟语气的考查 这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如: W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we lea
16、rn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there. 说明说话人没有去过。,(2) 对建议的考查 建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。如: W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and ther
17、es bound to be a long time. M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today. Why dont ? 上一种建议表达方式,根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是 A 。
18、,W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it. M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen ? Q: What does the man suggest they should do? A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table. C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. 根据 moving t
19、he dining table to the kitchen 来判断答案为 D 。 建议的表达方式还有: Why not ? What do you think of ? If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I would Shall we ? I suggest . Youd better/You ought to.,(3) 对话题的考查 话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。如: W: Do you want a day course or an evening course? M: Well, it would have to be
20、 an evening course since I work during the day. Q: What are they talking about? A. The choice of courses. B. A day course. C. An evening course. D. Their work. 两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是 A 。,(4) 同义表达方式的考查 四六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式,也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如: M: What do you think of Professo
21、r Browns lecture? W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. Q: What does the woman say about the lecture? A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand. B. It was not as easy as she had expected. C. It was as difficult as she had expected
22、. D. It was interesting and easy to follow. 与 much more difficult to follow than I had expected 同义的应该是 B 。,(5) 上下义概念的考查 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类,但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如: M: Let me see. Ive printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else? W: No, thats all right. Well fill in the re
23、st of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man been doing? A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语,下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项 B 。,解题技巧 根据对话听力的设题特点,我认为在解答对话听力理解题时同学们应注意以下几点: 1 )提前阅读选项,判断问题所属,从而集中精力于有
24、关信息。 2 )注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。,3 )注意加减运算,听到的不是答案 在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中,一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算,很少是听到什么就是什么。有时,计算可能会麻烦些,同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下,等有时间再计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别: 13-30 14-40 15 - 50 16 - 60 17 -70 18 -80 19 -90,4 )注意记笔记,将人物、地点、时间等对号入座 听力测试中的另外一种现象就是,四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能都有提及。在这种情况下,同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词,而是注
25、意将四个选项与对话中提及的信息对号入座。如: W: Do you enjoy life in Washington ? M: Yes, indeed. Im planning to move to New York or Boston . Anyway, Ive never regretted my earlier decision. Q: Where does the man live now? A. In New York . B. In Boston C. In Newport D. In Washington 四个地点对话中提到了三个,具体是哪一个,同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。,5)
26、从语法入手、从短语含义入手,判断隐含之意 在四六级听力中常考查到的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么,虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言,同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式,就可解答这类听力题;至于虚拟语气,我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律: 与所听到的相反的就是答案。,6) “ 同意 “ 是解 一般情况下,如果四个选项中有一个表示 “ 同意 “ 的概念,那么,此选项就是正确选项。如: W: Its a wonderful film, isnt it? M: You can say that again. Q: What does the man mean? A. He agrees wit
27、h the woman. B. He didnt hear what the woman said. C. He is surprised by her opinion. D. He thinks she should look at it again., M: This is the longest assignment weve had all semester. W: Youre telling me. Well be lucky if we can do half of it. Q: What does the woman say about the assignment? A. Sh
28、e has done half of it already. B. She agrees that it is very long. C. They have all semester to do it. D. Theres nothing wrong with it.,请同学们注意以下表示同意对方观点的常用语。如果听到这些,就可以选择含有 “ 同意 ” 的选项:You said it. You can say that again. You are telling me. You may/might well say so. Ill say. I couldnt agree more.,8)
29、 含义比较绝对、过于极端的选项一般不对。一般说来,含有too(太)anything, everything等含义比较绝对的选项是不对的。 例如: A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B) She wants to save money. C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office isnt very far. 其中,C选项含义比较绝对,除非有很大把握,一般不能作为正确选项。,长对话题的特点,1) 有答就有问两篇长对话有一个共同特点,那就是几乎每个答案的出现都伴随着一个问题。这说明长对话的
30、考点常设在一个问题的问答处,且答案常设在答语上。这一点和短对话中体现的原则不谋而合。因此,特意留神每个新问题后的答案,再结合试卷上的选项,答案会比较容易找到。,2)长对话每个考点之间关联性不大第一个问题考察主旨,其余三个问题均为细节题。每个方面选择了一个最重要的问题来考察,这一点又和以往的短文考察方法很类似,特别是人物生平发展或者故事类的题目很相似,每一方面的内容只考察一道题目。 3)出题的顺序和对话内容的顺序一致 4)对话的开头部分都有考点设置这实际上是在考察考生是否可在谈话开始就能集中注意力捕捉重要信息,而考生往往很难做到这一点。了解了这一特点,考生在练习时就可有意识地培训自己集中注意力。
31、,长对话题的解题方法要旨,长对话共两篇,每篇在250词左右,共7道题,一般来说主要包括主旨题、细节题以及推断题。与短对话相比,长对话提供的信息量更大,背景更丰富。 主旨题主旨题考查对长对话大意的把握,一般是对话的第一题或最后一题。常见提问方式为: What are the two speakers talking aboutdiscussing?What is the conversation mainly about?What is the main topic of the conversation?(1) 听音前浏览选项、预测对话内容是做这种题的关键环节。(2) 各题之间的联系、各选项之
32、间的共同成分往往正是讨论的话题或与主题密切相关。,2) 细节题 考生在考试过程中,应掌握以下方法:(1)听前预测。由于细节题的出题具有层次性和先后顺序的特点,考生应该利用“directions” 朗读的时间,迅速浏览长对话的选项,通过纵向横向比较选项,并结合自己的有关经验和知识,对问题进行估计和预测,帮助自己做到有重点地听。 (2)做好记录。为了帮助集中注意力,尽量最准确地获得细节信息,避免听懂了没记住的可能,考生应该在听的过程中做记录。第一,记在选项周围,这样既省时,也拉近了目光在选项和记录之间的距离,提高记录的针对性。第二,记录要有重点,只记录和问题相关的细节就可以了。对人名、地名、时间、
33、地点、原因、人物态度等要特别留意。第三,多用自己熟悉的符号、缩写、首字母等,甚至可以画画,利用导图法。要注意不能使记录影响听力。,3) 推断题推断题考查考生在听懂对话内容的基础上,根据对话的内含、关键词、上下文、语气等,利用逻辑推理、判断、归纳去领会说话人的真实含义的能力。常见提问方式为: What does the man meansuggest?What does the woman imply?What can be inferredconcluded from the conversation?What do we learn from the conversation?考生在考试过程
34、中,应掌握以下方法:(1) 善于抓住和理解与对话有关的关键词。(2) 利用对英语国家文化背景的了解以及对英语语音习惯的表达方式的掌握进行推断。(3) 在口语中,语调重点是用来表达说话人的情感、态度的最有效的手段之一,因此考生要“听话听音”,善于以此来推断讲话者的真正含义。(4) 对一些含蓄委婉的表达和习惯用法不熟悉,是产生误解的根源,考生要注意平时在这方面的积累。,2 短文 该部分共有短文三篇,设 10 个小题,重要考查两方面的内容: 1 )对主题的判断 (1) 提问的方式 主题题通常以下列方式提问: What is the main idea/topic of this passage? W
35、hat does the passage mainly discuss? What can we learn from the passage? What is the passage mainly about?,解题技巧 对于这类题,同学们在听的时候应特别注意文章的首句和尾句,首句一般开篇点名主题,而尾句则总结全文,根据这两句进行推断一般可以确定文章的主题。,2 ) 对具体事实的判断 (1) 提问的方式 对细节的提问通常以 wh-question 的方式出现,主要针对文章的有关人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、目的、数据等。, Whats the chief duty of every gove
36、rnment? A. To protect persons and property. B. To collect taxes. C. To teach and train citizens. D. To save natural resources for future use. How did the government raise money in the past? A. By selling services that make life comfortable. B. By selling land containing oil. C. By selling public lan
37、ds. D. By selling coal and other natural products.,(2) 选项特点 这种细节判断题以辨认题居多。有可能几个选项在文章中都有所提及,但只要同学们仔细听,注意分别,就能从原文中找到出处。,3 短文听写 试题分布 原复合式听写调整为单词和词组听写,短文长度及难度不变。共有短文一篇,设 10 个小题。单词和词组的位置不固定。,题眼设计 1)单词 题设计规律 所填单词以实词为主。 6-7 个单词以评价性词汇为主,也就是说可以从上下文找到说明的信息。 In police work, you can never predict the next crime
38、 or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no ( 1 ) “_“ day for a police officer. 既然没有一天是相同的,也就没有哪一天是 “ 典型的 “ 。根据这种因果说明可以判断所填单词为 typical 。, 表示信息复现的词汇为题眼 有些词语即使听不清楚同样可以填出。 如 98 年 1 月的复合式听写。 文章的第一段介绍了 Michael 如何 5 岁上高中, 10 岁上大学, 11 岁攻读硕士学位。第二段开始一个转折,介绍他的这种 “ 成功 “ 也来之不易。 所填单词为上义
39、词复现,对上文的总结,自然应该是 success 。 (But Michaels _ hasnt always come easy., 表示信息同现的词汇为题眼 复合式听写所填词汇一部分是同现词汇,如 One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing ( 6 ) _ clothes, not my police ( 7 ) _. 通常情况下警察所穿的应该是 “ 制服 “ ,即 uniform ,这样, uniform, wear 就构成的同现关系。根据( 6
40、)( 7 )的对照同现关系,可以判断( 6 )所表示的应该是 “ 便装 “ ,这也正式对上文 working undercover 的解释。, 对文章叙述逻辑的考查 叙述逻辑即上下文的因果、转折、递进、解释等关系。如果同学们能看出这些关系,则不用听就可以将所缺单词填上。 But Michaels (success) hasnt always come easy. (5)_ his intelligence, he still lacks important life (6)_. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (7)_ novels
41、, because, he says, “Im 11. Ive never been in love before.“ 由上下文个逻辑关系可以判断( 5 )应该填 Despite ,即虽然他很聪慧,但却缺乏很重要的生活。后面在课上所发生的事情是说明他缺乏()的一个例证。例证本身不仅说明了( 6 )应该填 experiences ,同时也说明( 7 )应该填 love 。,2 ) 词组题设计规律 自2013年12月之后,词组听写取代句子听写。词组听写有两大特点:一、每个词组不超过四个单词;二、之前考察的词组之中介词短语最多,还有名词短语,动词短语,副词短语和形容词短语。 apart and al
42、one, instead of, in short, by contrast, in addition, reference books, in several ways, belong to, back and forth, referring to, parallel to, at the right angle,复合式听写答题顺序及技巧,听之前:pre listening1、对全文进行全局性预览:尤其是第一句(topic)最后一句(conclusion)2、观察空格前后的特殊现象,判断词性,单复数,a,the之后是名词介词后面是名词动词前面是名词No后面是名词动词的位置判断To后面是动词
43、主语后面是动词情态动词后面是动词形容词的位置判断:be后面是形容词名词前面是形容词副词的位置判断:动词后面是副词听之时:while-listening原则:精听,速记,以听为主,以记为辅。,如何速记1、省略虚词如:如冠词,助动词等2、遇到词组记每个单词首字母如 break down 就记作B D ,但一定要自己看得懂的3、长单词记前三个字母 如:experience 就记作 exp4、符号记忆 如:more than 就记作“” less than 记作 “” equal to 记作 “=”等等5、混合记忆 就是把上面几种方法混合起来用,还可以夹杂中文字等等,听之后:after-listeni
44、ng全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西1、检查漏词a 检查漏掉的:介词(in ,on, at ),冠词(a ,an , the),代词( it , this , that )b 检查错词长单词容易发生拼写错误,要仔细检查一遍短单词容易和同音异义词混淆 ,检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对2、检查大小写人名 地名 国家名 时间名(月份什么) 节日名 书名 文件名 商标名 历史事件名 宗教名首字都要大写 句首单词首字母也要大写3、检查名词单复数,形容词、副词比较级最高级,动词时态,语态,解题技巧 : 根据上面所谈的复合式听写的特点,我建议在做复合式听写时最好做到以下几点: 注意话题知识的运用。 文章的话题规定了用词范围,根据话题判断单词 有注意明确词汇。 利用词汇的同现和复现关系。 根据上下文推测词汇的运用。,