1、Andy JIA CUMTB,大学英语四级 写作解题技巧Andy JIA,Andy JIA CUMTB,你知道四级的分值分布吗?,Andy JIA CUMTB,大学英语各部分分值比例以及计算方法,听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空或改错（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。 关于听力 听力选择题都是1分一个，共25分；后面篇章理解，前面八个空0.5分一个，共4分，后面3个句子，2分一个，共6分，这样加起来一共35分 因为总分改为710,则上面的一分变为7.1分,各题
2、型之间的比重不变 完形0.5分一个； 15选10 为0.5分一个； 其它都是一分一个,Andy JIA CUMTB,大学英语四六级作文评分标准,2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。),
3、Andy JIA CUMTB,总论,语言第一位结构第二位内容第三位,Andy JIA CUMTB,阅卷揭秘,“不怕神一样的对手，就怕猪一样的队友。“ 搞定两个人： 一个是出题人：考试的出题规律； 一个是判卷人：三大黄金原则,Andy JIA CUMTB,四级写作的三大黄金原则,印象原则：书写工整，卷面整洁，字迹清晰 字数原则：120到150个字 句式原则：长短结合，以短句为主,Andy JIA CUMTB,学习方法,提高实力（70%） 掌握技巧（30%）,Andy JIA CUMTB,提高实力十字真经，五个步骤,精读 背诵 默写 翻译 写作,Andy JIA CUMTB,十遍精读,语言（4）：
4、（精采词汇，精采词组，精采句型，句子结构） 结构（4）：（段落结构、关联词、同义替换、代词替换） 内容（2）：（精采观点和原因建议）,Andy JIA CUMTB,基础不太好的同学，首先找一篇好的范文精读十遍，其次背诵下来，背得滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，然后默写，发现自己的写作弱点，然后是中译英提高自己的写作实力，最后是写作。 基础比较好的同学，正好相反，第一步拿过来先写一遍，这道题先写一遍，不要看原文，第二步再做中译英，第三步再去精读，第四步背诵，第五步默写，所以基础比较好的同学是写作、中译英、精读、背诵、默写。,Andy JIA CUMTB,常见错误分析,1. OrganizationThe o
5、utline (3 para.s) e.g. 6 (reasons 4) 2. SpellingE.g. Exit, now days, simplex.,Andy JIA CUMTB,常见错误分析,3. GrammarV. Tenses: e.g. Why does this happened?N. PluralWord class vs. Part-of-speech: e.g. Beauty, social, good, economic, excessive, produce. No market, no made.,Andy JIA CUMTB,常见错误分析,4. StyleSpea
6、king vs. WritingE.g. say, thing, thats all, why is it? Now lets talk about this phenomenon.Obviously, some companies, in order to get more money with sale more goods which are excessive packaged, so those companies take many measures to beauty their goods which looks very beautiful, and more and mor
7、e people willing to buy it. (40),Andy JIA CUMTB,On excessive packaging （12）,Nowadays, there are excessive packaging phenomena in various goods. Wherever we are, it must be occupied with fabulous goods which are packed with excessive luxury and fantasy.,Andy JIA CUMTB,As the development of modern eco
8、nomy, peoples lives leveled up quickly. The more quickly the economy develop, the more ambitious we are. And some people prefer to buying buying the excessive packaging goods just in order to earn their influence from others. Because of these reasons, producers start to pack goods excessively. The m
9、ore excessively they are packed, the more interests the producers can obtain.,Andy JIA CUMTB,As far as I am concerned, this phenomenon is rather foolish. It not only wast many resources, but cause a terrible atmosphere to the modern society. We should be more peaceful and try our best not to buy tho
10、se excessive packaging goods. And this is also the aim of the low-carbon life! (144 words),Andy JIA CUMTB,In recent years, the excessive use of packages has become quite a serious problem in China. As for the reasons of excessively packaging, there are many factors contributing to it. It is conceiva
11、ble that the excessive packaging has mainly arisen from the two following factors. For one thing, people in mounting numbers are inclined to send a variety of gifts to their relatives and friends, especially during the holidays, and decorated gifts sometimes are a symbol of good taste. For another,
12、the dealers are in the purpose of making more money by packaging the products to the largest extent.,sample article 1,Andy JIA CUMTB,Taking all the above-mentioned factors into consideration, it is quite urgent for us to take effective measures to cope with it. We consumers should basically concentr
13、ate more on the quality of the commodities rather than the packages; meanwhile, the government should also put restrictions on the excessive packaging. Only in this way can we guarantee the harmonious development of the market as well as ourselves.,sample article 1,Andy JIA CUMTB,In contemporary soc
14、iety, it has become a trend for many products or items to be excessively packaged. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of customers find it more expensive to purchase these goods. Taking a look around, we can find a great many examples in supermarkets: excessive packages of food, clothes and gift
15、s.,sample article 2,Andy JIA CUMTB,It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse. In the first place, some customers psychological need is the root cause. These packages bring the sense of beauty, arouse peoples enthusiasm to buy, and help manufacturers to promote sale. In the second
16、place, it is these packages that enable shops to build up a foundation for advertising. As a matter of fact, industries in mounting numbers have come to realize the necessity of packaging for sale.,sample article 2,Andy JIA CUMTB,However, as a customer, I am convinced that quality of goods is of gre
17、at importance. Thus, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to buy goods without excessive packages. （170 words）,sample article 2,Andy JIA CUMTB,英语四、六级写作基本文体,首先要指出的是，四、六级作文在准备和对策上是基本一致的，因为两者评分标准基本一致，除了字数上的差距，四级120词，六级150词。英语考试的作文大体可以分为： 1、正反论证 2、原因现象描述类；
18、3、图表； 4、名言谚语。 5、信件。所谓的写信，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。,Andy JIA CUMTB,掌握技巧,万能框架和模版,Andy JIA CUMTB,写作的“七项基本原则”,Andy JIA CUMTB,1、长短句原则,As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a w
19、ay quite similar. 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。,Andy JIA CUMTB,2、主题句原则,主题句通常放在句首 To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect
20、 to answer all the questions correctly.,Andy JIA CUMTB,3、阐述观点的一二三原则,（1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） （2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） （3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原 因：俗） （4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） （5）to
21、 begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） （6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） （7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） （8）most important of all, moreover, finally （9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） （10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,Andy JI
22、A CUMTB,4、短语优先原则,写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，你的得分率将会降低；相反，如果发现一些精彩的短语，你的文章定会得高分。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.,Andy JIA CUMTB,5、多实少虚原则,原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要
23、空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。所谓虚词是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：st
24、agger out of the room,Andy JIA CUMTB,6、多变句式原则 （1）加法（串联）,写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover,Andy JIA CUMTB,（2）转折（拐弯
25、抹角）,批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，写文章的时候只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding,Andy JIA CUMTB,（3）因果（so, so, so）,昨天在街上我看
26、到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that,Andy JIA CUMTB,（4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）,文章中如果出现失衡句子，更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。
27、其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away,Andy JIA CUMTB,（5）附加（多此一举）,在句子中穿插定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语，使句子有变化。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu,
28、our oral English teacher, is easy-going.附加法其实很简单：同位语要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom /that关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。,Andy JIA CUMTB,（6）排比（排山倒海句）,文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, s
29、ophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气
30、势恢宏）,Andy JIA CUMTB,7、挑战极限原则,既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of
31、 China.,Andy JIA CUMTB,话题,.大学生话题 大学生话题：主要涉及大学生的校园学习、生活、择业及人生观等方面 A.学习： On Students Selecting Lecturers （2006, 6 New） Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary？ （2000, 6） How I Finance My College Education？ （2000, 1） Reading Selectively or Extensively？ （1999, 6） How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning
32、 English？ （1992, 6） B.生活： Volunteers Needed （2006, 6 Old） Teachers Day （2005, 6） A Campaign Speech（2005, 1） The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/Got Injured（2003,9） A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.（2002, 1） C.择业、人生观： How to Succeed in a Job Interview （2001, 1） Advan
33、tages of a Job Interview（1995, 6） My Ideal Job （1994, 6） Is Failure a Bad Thing？ （1992, 1）,Andy JIA CUMTB,. 社会热点话题 社会热点话题：与普通百姓社会生活紧密相关的话题，如：环境话题、交通话题、休闲娱乐、疾病与健康等话题。 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident（2003, 6） It Pays to Be Honest （2003, 1） Dont Hesitate to Say “No”（1999, 1） Do “Lucky Numb
34、ers” Really Bring Good Luck？ （1998, 6） Harmfulness of Fake Commodities （1998, 1） Global Shortage of Fresh Water （1996, 6） Can Money Buy Happiness？ （1995, 1） The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller （1994, 1） My Most Favorite Program（1993, 6） Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports （1993, 1） Changes
35、in Peoples Diet（1991, 6） Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China （1991, 1） Make Our City Greener（1990, 6） .大学生和社会热点话题 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist？（2005, 12） The Two-Day Weekend（1996, 1）,Andy JIA CUMTB,1. 正反观点型：要不要取消春晚（2006，12）大学校园是否要开放（2005，12），口语考试要不要考（2000，6），精读还是泛读（1
36、999，6），幸运数字带不带来好运（1998，6）钱能带来幸福与否（1995，1），对失败的态度（1992，1） 优缺点型：娱乐活动的益处和坏处（2008.6）双休日带来的好处和坏处（1996，1）面试的优点（1995，6） 2. 原因现象分析题：选择选修课的因素（2007，12）选择大学任课教师（2006，6new），做人要诚实（2003，1），不要犹豫说“不”的原因等（1999，1）假冒伪劣产品（1998，1），纯净水的短缺（1996，6），世界越来越小（1994，1）我最喜爱的电视节目及原因（1993，6），自行车流行原因与汽车相比优缺点及前途（1991，1），绿化城市的好处和如何实现（
37、1990 ,1) 3. 解决问题型：怎样取得面试成功（2001，1），怎样支付大学学费（2000，1），怎样了解社会的途径（1997，6），我的理想工作及如何准备（1994，6），怎样克服英语学习中的困难（1992，6） 图表：大学生使用计算机（2002，6），人们饮食的变化（1991，6） 4. 信件：欢迎加入社团（2007，6）招募志愿者活动辞(2006,6)，给老师的感谢信（2005，6），竞选学生会的演讲稿（2005，1），导游介绍（2004，1），建议朋友报考专业信（2003，12），帮助同学的感想（2004，1），食堂投诉信（2002，1），同学来访度假安排信（2001，6） 5.
38、 谚语题：熟能生巧（1997，1） 描写文：车祸情况描述和原因分析文（2003，6）,Andy JIA CUMTB,结构：常用的“启、承、转、合”表达方法,1 “启”。 按顺序：First, Firstly, First of all, At first, In the first place, In the beginning, To begin with, To start with, For one thing, On the one hand 当前：Now, At present, recently, lately, 一般而言：In general, generally speakin
39、g, as a matter of fact 2 “承”。 按顺序：second, secondly, beside this, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, 举例子：for example/instance, as an example, as another example; namely, 换言之：in other words, in particular, 扩展：after that, afterwards, from now on, similarly, meanwhile, at the same time, 3
40、“转”。 转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, though, although, despite, in spite of, on the contrary, unlike, on the other hand,4 “合”。 结尾: In conclusion; In short; In summary; Therefore; Thus; To sum up; To conclude; consequently, To summarize; Briefly; Above all; As a result; at last; eventually; accor
41、dingly;,Andy JIA CUMTB,语言：1. 词汇替换,认为：assume / argue / hold / claim / suggest / declare / say / believe / insist/ maintain /suppose thatin my opinion/in my view/in my point of view/as far as I know/as far as Im concerned/ as for me 重要的：important/significant/be of great value/be of great significance/
42、be of great use 很多：many, a multitude of, an army of, an ocean of , A great / large / huge / considerable / significant / noticeable number / amount/ quantity / portion of 越来越多 more and more/ a growing number of /an increasing number of/on the rise 大多的：the (vast / overwhelming) majority of 人：people-f
43、olks, individuals, characters 支持/反对者：followers/ objectors, be in favor of the idea that,Andy JIA CUMTB,2. 插入语,Apparently，evidently，however, surely, indeed, briefly, fortunately ,amazingly， undoubtedly most important of all ,even worse ,strange enough, after all, to ones surprise, to be exact, roughl
44、y speaking, in other words, as a matter of fact,Andy JIA CUMTB,3. 具体化,generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm hearted, hospitable good：favorable, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, perfect, etc. bad：unfavorable, harmful, adverse, poisonous ,etc.,Andy JIA CUMTB,避免语言错误,主谓一致 单复一致 时态一致 词组
45、搭配 单词拼写,Andy JIA CUMTB,议论文写作的基本模式,从2006年6月四级改革以来，议论文已经成为四级作文的绝对主流，无论是学生还是老师，都对此类题目进行了充分的准备。对于这种类型的文章，写作框架如下： 第一段：现象背景介绍+引出话题（公众观点+大概理由）； 第二段：关于话题的相关因素（影响，作用，好处，危害或原因等）； 第三段：陈述自己观点或预期未来。 组成一篇文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言。对于此类型的文章，同学们是很难在结构上略胜一筹的； 至于具体内容，也完全不需要推陈出新，因为批卷老师是完全没有时间仔细看理由的。所以，如何体现我们的写作能力和文章价值，关键在于文章遣词造
46、句的质量。 此类文章的高分原则为：第一，在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。第二，用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。第三，尽量使用非陈述句式，如倒装、被动、虚拟语气及插入语等。,Andy JIA CUMTB,2. 各种题型的写作方法。对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。观点论证型：基本方
47、法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。 应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。,Andy JIA CUMTB,三段式作文的结构安排,Andy JIA CUMTB,现象解释型模板一,Andy JIA CUMTB,现象解释型作文模板二, Recently, . 描述现象，引起话题 What amazes us most is 表现较为典型的一个方面 It is true that . 对于现象做出的评论There are many reasons explaining 承上启下,解释这一现象的原因The main reason is 说明原因一What is more, 原因二Thirdly, 原因三 As a result, . 讲述导致的结果Considering all these, . 作者的态度For one thing, . 观点一11.For another, . 11.观点二12.In conclusion, . 12.总结全文,Andy JIA CUMTB,接其他课件，讲模版，做练习 两句实话： 1. 好作文是写出来的。 2. 好作文是改出来的。,
