1、四级考试之翻译复习,武汉科技大学外国语学院读写教研一室,四级新题型考试应对：如何拿下中译英高分,1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,翻译题评分原则及标准（2011年6月）,1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得一分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切获信息不全，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确单语言有错误（包括用词不当），得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，及时结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错
2、误，标点符号错误以及明显属于笔误但不影响辨认的拼写错误可以忽略不计。,阅卷判分实例（11.6）,84. The pills _ (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的）， but he didnt follow the doctors advice and take them regularly. could have cured the cancer patient1分： 1. could have cured that patient who suffered from/ got/ had /had got cancer. 2. would have cured that patient with
3、cancer 3. could have cured the patient of his cancer(没his也对） 4. should have been effective in curing that patient with cancer（cancer sufferer）,0.5分1 could have treated /recovered that man with cancer(意思不确切）（出现原型0分）2. would have cured the patient (信息不全)3. should have cure that paitent who had a cance
4、r(语言错误)4. was supposed to have cured the pation who had cancer(两处语言错误)5. should be able to get the cancer patient back to healthy,0分1. can cure the man who had cancer originally(语言错误，信息错误） 2. could have save the life that got cancer (语言错误，意思不确切)3. would have healed the patient who was sick of cancer
5、 (意思不确切，局部信息有误)4. cured that cancer patient of disease in advance (信息错误)5. were used to cure the patient who has cancer 意思不确切，语言错误）,判分原则语言错误不累计，信息错误累计。以上用词，man person guy均可以接受，但是people属意思错误。,实战演练,87. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加热).关键词加热heat；不管是否(no matter) whether or not连 接heat与
6、其逻辑主语substance之间需采用被动连接，即heat加ed。优 化whether (it is) heated or not. 注意，it is可省略。点 评如果heated or not放在句首，whether也可以省略。,88. Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.关键词收费过高overcharge, charge too much/high连 接句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。优 化(Not only) did he charge me
7、too much/high, / did he overcharge me, 。点 评如果未能想出用overcharge/charge too much表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用ask for too much来表达，答案可以是did he ask me for too much。,89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).关键词相比compare (with), in comparison with；我的mine, my losses连 接compare与其逻辑主语Your losses之间需采用被动连
8、接。优 化in comparison with mine或compared with mine。点 评此处最好用介词词组，如果用compared with mine，则放在句首更合适。,90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _ (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.关键词一半half；钱money连 接注意后文的as，此处需用一比较连接词as，并在as后需增添一形容词或副词。优 化 half as much money。点 评这里因为前文有spend，这里可以省略money；此处如果先把“一半”的意
9、思撇开，更易“化解”原文，即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱”，spend as much (money) in a day in Leeds as in London，然后将“(只有)一半”加进去，这样来看(only) half只能放在as much前。,91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.关键词孩子的成功childrens success / success of the children；把归因于attribute to / owe to连 接上文的were
10、 more likely后需接to。优 化to attribute their childrens success / success of their children to。点 评“把归因于”也可以化解为“相信的原因是”，即believe that their childrens success is due to/ the main factor for their childrens success is。,汉译英专项练习,一、倍数增减的表示法 二、时态 三、被动语态 四、情态动词 五、虚拟语气 六、不定式 七、分词 八、动名词,九、非谓语动词用法区别,一、倍数增减的表示法 Force
11、 N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).They _(计划将投资增加一倍).,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than）,reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）,is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词）,
12、wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数）,plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as） is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词） wants to rai
13、se the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数） plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）,二、时态 Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). When she got home, _ _ (孩子们已经睡着了). When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).I_ _ (一上午都在修改我的简历). Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了)
14、. He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).,or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时）,the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）,my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时）,have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时）,No. It
15、has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）,He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）,二、时态 or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） my sister wi
16、ll be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）,三、被动语态 The blackboar
17、d and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料)._(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,三、被动语态 is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） will have been published by the end of this
18、year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）,四、情态动词
19、The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家). I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.,四、情态动词 but there is no answer. She cant be at
20、home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”） I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断） You must have dreamed of something terrible （考点：同上） You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该
21、做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思） I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party （考点：“情态动词neednt + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）,五、虚拟语气,五、虚拟语气 1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. 3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow star
22、s? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).,五、虚拟语气 I had had your opportunities when I was young （考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望） he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同） pai
23、nted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实） measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考点：Its (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时候了”） as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly （考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）,6.We i
24、nsist that _(让杰克立刻进医院). 7.It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). 8.His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). 9.We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). 10.It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).,6.Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) s
25、b. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 7.more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 8.they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 9.the mid-term e
26、xams (should) be canceled （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propos
27、e (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest (suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等 10.we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining （考点：在It
28、 is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“ sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等）,11.It is essential that _(
29、每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 12._(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. 13.I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了). 14.It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的). 15._(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.,11.everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考点：同上） 12.If he had booked
30、 tickets in the way I told him （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反） 13.if I had not been interrupted （考点：同上） 14.If it had rained, the ground would be wet （考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15.If I had been living in New York （考点：同上）,If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). But for hi
31、s help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题). Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险). He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).,16.he would be dead now （考点：同上） 17.we could not have r
32、ent a house at such a low price （考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 18.otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question （考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 19.I would seize the opportunity without hesitation （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件） 20.this act would h
33、ave been passed much earlier （考点：同上） 21.the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy （考点：同上） 22.lest he should awaken the baby （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）,六、不定式 1.It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). 2.It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). 3.It is generous _(你把这
34、么多钱捐给灾区人民). 4.The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). 5.Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).,1.to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） 2.for us to have a good nights sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容
35、词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等） 3.of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area （考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, ni
36、ce, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等） 4.not to punish those students who had been late for class （考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not） （能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, dem
37、and, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish） 5.whet
38、her to visit their son in France （考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）,7.We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座). 8.He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席). 9.We hope to have more opportunitie
39、s _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). 10.The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). 11.The environmentalists are against _(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).,7.invited him to give us a lecture on modern art （考点：同上） （能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find,
40、force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to） 8.to be the chairman of students union in so large a un
41、iversity （考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语） 9.to apply what we have learned in class to practice （考点：不定式作定语） （不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place
42、, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等） 10.ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考点：同上） 11.the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs （考点：同上）,12.Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女). 13.They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚). 14.He was surprise
43、d _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学). 15.I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间). 16.I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口). 17.She doesnt like _(被当作客人). 18.If you want to save money, youd better _(到校园书店买旧书). 19.We did nothing _(除了整天打桥牌). 20.We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).,12.American woman to explore the outer space （考点：由only, last, next，序数词或形容词最
44、高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语） 13.only to drop it on their own feet （考点：不定式作结果状语） 14.to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village （考点：不定式作原因状语） 15.to have taken up so much of your time （考点：1. 不定式作原因状语；2. 不定式的完成时） 16.to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in （考点：不定式的进行式） 17.to be treated as a gues
45、t （考点：不定式的被动形式） 18.go to the campus bookstore to buy used books （考点：不带to的不定式） 19.but play bridge the whole day（考点：同上） 20.to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room （考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）,七、分词 1.This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). 2.The cars _(停在消防通道的)
46、 will be ticketed. 3.The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). 4.The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). 5.Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). 6._(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study. 7._(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. 8._(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. 9._(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.,
