1、英语四级专项辅导 之写作板块,大学英语四级考试作文评分标准,大学英语四级考试中，作文所占的比重为15%。而在实际阅卷中，阅卷老师也是以15分为满分，然后分5个档次给分。首先，先确定一篇作文属于哪一档，然后在同一档内可以根据好坏适当加一分或减一分。 那么，阅卷时候的档次是如何划分的呢？,五个档次,2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分切题。
2、表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,说明,比如，一篇作文可以归为8分档，但似乎比8分略高一些，可以加一分，得9分。 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。,历年真题解析,一些变化,应当说，近年来四级作文的变化很大，写作难度要求也越来越高。 从原来的提纲作文到现在的图标题或漫画题。 从原来的汉语提纲到现在的全英题目要求。,真题一（2009年6月）,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Fr
3、ee Admission to Museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题。 3. 你的看法？Free Admission to Museums,审题,分析题目和提纲可知，应写一篇议论文。 第一段除了指出越来越多的博物馆免费开放这一现象外，还应说明免费开放的目的，两者缺一不可。 第二段分析免费开放可能带来的问题，列举两三点即可。 第三段给出自己对免费开放的看法，可支持也可反对，也可介于二者之间。,Free
4、admission to museums,1. Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are open to the public with free admission. The reason for it lies in the fact that museums want to attract more visitors and better serve the role of educational base, promoting（促进；增进）understanding and appreciation（欣赏）of our history
5、and culture.,2. However, free admission might give rise to some problems as well. For one thing, with more visitors, there is possibility that displays of the museums can get damaged more easily. For another, it becomes a huge economic burden（负担）for museums to run（运营）as usual without any profits（收益；
6、利润）from the visitors.,3. As far as I am concerned, I am absolutely（完全地）in favor of this practice. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential（潜在的）problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some “clos
7、ed” days for regular maintenance（维护）. Only in this way can we enjoy the benefits of free admission. (161 words),真题二（2010年12月 ）,Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words
8、following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?,审题,分析标题和提纲可知，应写一篇说明文。 第一段讲述目前有些父母为孩子包办一切，可以举一些例子，继而说明这么做的坏处。 第二段给父母2-3点帮助孩子独立的建议。 第三段可以简要做个小结。,How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?,1. Nowadays some parents tend to
9、 undertake（承担）everything concerned（与有关） with their children, including their study, job and even marriage. Consequently（因此）, children get used to depending on their parents in everything and lack the ability to solve problems independently.,2. To help their children develop independence, here are so
10、me suggestions for parents. First of all, parents should make their children aware the importance and necessity of being independent, so as to cultivate（培养）the childrens sense of independence. Secondly, parents should give their children much chance to handle their own life, to solve problems indepe
11、ndently, and encourage them to make decisions by themselves. Thirdly, when their children are faced with difficulties and need some instructions or advice, parents should offer proper assistance.,3. There is no single way to help children become independent. However, as long as parents follow the ad
12、vice mentioned above, it is not hard to raise（养育；培养）children to become independent adults. (150 words),真题三（2012年12月）,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly Earnings in 2010).Plea
13、se give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it .You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,Education Pays,审题,这是一篇图表类命题作文。首先要弄清楚题目Education Pays中pay的含义。在这里，pay的含义是“花费”吗？图标谈的是教育花费问题吗？不是。那这个图表说明什么呢？ 仔细看图表，抓住图表的主题Education: A Worthy Investment（教育：有价值的投资）
14、，原来考察的是“教育投资和其带来的回报”的问题。它是本文题目Education Pays的同意转述，从而确定pays是a worthy investment的同意转述，避免跑题。,接着，借助图例（Weekly earnings in 2010 ($)）和标注（Doctoral degree等），仔细分析表中数据及所表现的趋势。表格中的数字代表不同教育水平对应的周薪。其中，左侧表示从下到上是受教育程度的上升，右侧表示周工资的条状图自下而上呈现上升趋势，两边结合，可提炼出主题：受教育程度越高，工资越高，投资教育终会得到回报。,写作思路,我们能够初步确定，第一段要描述图表内容，呼应主题。 那么第二段
15、和第三段写什么呢？这个确实是让人犯难的事儿。 既然谈到教育和教育投资，那我们是不是可以谈谈人们对此的不同态度呢？所以，第二段我们可以论述在当今时代背景下，人民对于教育的不同态度。（关键）,接下来第三段写什么呢？ 按照常规，第三段通常是谈谈自己的看法，那我们就不妨谈谈自己的看法。所以在第三段我们要亮明自己观点，落脚点在教育带来的回报（收入）上。,Education Pays,1. Analyzed（分析）from the chart above, the weekly earnings people obtain progressively（逐渐地）increase with the risin
16、g of the educational level that people achieve. In detail, people with an education degree of college or above earns at least 300 dollars more every week than those with a lower one. Consequently, this chart has forcefully proved that the more one invests in education, the more he or she will earn.,
17、2. Nowadays, the great availability of information makes opportunities to success seemingly abundant（大量；丰富）. Thus, the views toward education are divided. Some think that education is time- and money- consuming（消耗）for they have seen a huge number of unemployed college graduates and heard plenty of l
18、egends of less educated but more successful celebrities（名人）. However, jobs seem to be much more demanding as a result of the booming（繁荣的）economy. So most people still believe education is a worthy investment in the future.,3. As for me, I definitely believe that a good education will benefit me a lo
19、t. It helps improve me in both knowledge and innovation（创造力）and makes me more competitive in the job market. (180 words),真题四（2013年6月）,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your vie
20、ws on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,审题,本篇为漫画作文。首先，要读懂图画：一群学生正在听老师讲解乘法口诀表。突然，一个学生提问：“老师，我无意冒犯，但是等到我们工作的时候，你教的这些东西不会过时吗？”这就是题目中明确要求的the brief description of the picture，描述中须注意将学生的提问和老师的表情都写出来。然后，应挖掘图画的内涵：学生对老师所教授的基础知识（basic ski
21、lls）表示质疑，这也就是directions the importance of learning basic skills的出处，即学生对这种不能马上用于工作、不能带来回报的理论性基础知识和技能的不屑，这也是一种实用主义社会风气的表现。,写作时，首先注意将漫画的内容描述全面，并从中引出主题。然后陈述基础技能的意义。最后，表明观点：不能忽视这些基本技能，并呼吁大家都来关注基本技能。,阅卷中发现的一些问题,我们在阅卷时候发现，有相当多的同学误以为brief description是题目，大谈特谈简要描述的重要性（The Importance of Brief Description）。遗憾的是
22、，这种作文出现特别多，一般归为2分档。 Directions里其实已经很好地帮助你理解漫画的含义以及文章的主题。有的同学见到这种英文Directions，根本不去管它，而是凭借自己的片面理解，谈论教育和工作、学校教育等。这种作文一般归为2分档。,还有的同学不理解No offence在口语中的含义，竟谈论起学生在课堂上要不要挑战老师的权威，赞扬图片中这位同学勇于提出自己的不同看法，离题甚远。这样的作文也归为2分档。 Stuff也是很口语化的一个词，有的同学竟然把它当成了staff（全体职工），谈起教师应当不断学习新知识，避免知识过时（outdated）。这样的作文有一些，不是很多，也归为2分档。
23、,The Importance of Learning Basic Skills,1. In this picture, we can see that a teacher is teaching her pupils the multiplication table, which is a very basic skill in mathematics. However, one boy doubts whether this will be outdated or not when they are in the job market. The teacher looks surprise
24、d and disappointed. Thus the picture raises us a question: is it important to learn basic skills?,2. As far as I am concerned, it is very important for students to acquire（获取）basic skills. To begin with, mastering basic skills well can lay a solid foundation for learning advanced skills. Students mu
25、st learn basic skills well first before they can move on to various advanced skills. Whats more, basic skills are very useful and helpful in our daily life. For instance, if you want to buy something in the market, you need to know something about multiplication at least.,3. In a word, if we want to
26、 keep progressing, it is important to learn basic skills well. By mastering basic skills and learning new things, we will have a bright future! (174 words),思考,审题至关重要。题目要求（Directions）在许多时候能够帮助你确定文章的主题，所以一定要认真读懂题目要求。跑题的作文一般都在2分档。 先要简要描述（a brief description）图表或图画的内容。不描述图片内容的作文往往会被扣掉一半分。 同时要注意描述一定要简明扼要。
27、不能像讲故事那样绘声绘色地把图片讲出来。,常见写作错误解析,一、主语错误,1. 主语缺失 1) In our country feels very free. People feel free in our country. 2) In my hometown arent very busy. People in my hometown arent very busy.,一、主语错误,2. 非名词主语 1) Rich doesnt ensure a happy life. Being rich doesnt ensure a happy life. 2) Keep two full-time
28、jobs is simply impossible. Keeping two full-time jobs is simply impossible.,一、主语错误,3. 主谓错位 1) Reading books can acquire knowledge. People can acquire knowledge from books.,二、谓语错误,1. 多重谓语 1) In our modern society, there are many examples around us show that many people are cheated. In our modern soci
29、ety, many examples around us show that many people are cheated. 2)Poverty makes many people cant study abroad. Poverty makes many people unable to study abroad. / Poverty makes it impossible for many people to study abroad.,二、谓语错误,2. 非动词谓语 1) Some people firmly agree, but others against it. Some peo
30、ple firmly agree, but others are against it. 2) It is said that the place worths touring. It is said that the place is worth touring.,二、谓语错误,3. 主谓不一致 1) I have to visit the teacher who teach me College English. I have to visit the teacher who teaches me College English. 2) I use a disk because it ho
31、ld plenty of data. I use a disk because it holds plenty of data.,二、谓语错误,4. 误用词组 1) They insist on post-graduate study is very important for them. They insist that post-graduate study is very important for them. 2) I am afraid of that its going to rain. I am afraid that its going to rain.,三、冠词错误,1) O
32、n one hand, he is very intelligent, but on the other hand, he doesnt work very hard. On the one hand, he is very intelligent, but on the other hand, he doesnt work very hard. 2) The last but not the least, basic skills lay a solid foundation for higher studies. Last but not least, basic skills lay a
33、 solid foundation for higher studies.,四、代词错误,1. 偷梁换柱 1) An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize. An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, he should not plagiarize. 2) If we cheat others, friends will n
34、ever believe you and they will leave you alone. If we cheat others, friends will never believe us and they will leave us alone. / If you cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone.,四、代词错误,2. 指代不明 1) He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believed
35、. He gave a reason, which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting. 2) Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden they have to bear. Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden students have to bear.,五、形容词、副词错误,1) What is more, the change of the w
36、eather will make the place look differently. What is more, the change of the weather will make the place look different. 2) Surprising enough, he faces the failure very bravely. Surprisingly enough, he faces the failure very bravely.,六、分词误用,1) Comparing with other countries, China pays little attent
37、ion to the energy problem. Compared with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem. 2) Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewing through my camera. Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewed
38、through my camera.,七、垂悬修饰语,所谓垂悬修饰语（Dangling Modifiers），就是指句首短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清尤其是指句首短语的逻辑主语与其后句子的主语不一致。例如： At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 句中at the age of ten只表示在十岁的时候，但并没有说明是谁十岁的时候。按照常理，不可能是我祖父十岁的时候。因此，可改为： When I was ten, my grandfather died.,七、垂悬修饰语,Looking out of the window of our hotel ro
39、om, there was a wonderful range of mountains. When we looked out of the window of our hotel room, there was a wonderful range of mountains. 从我们旅馆的窗户向外看，可到了美丽的连绵群山。,八、平行错误,Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and how long it lasted. Before I selected
40、the new course, my teacher warned me of the difficulty and length of the course. / Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me how difficult the course was and how long it lasted.,九、搭配错误,1) In the past the price of meat was so expensive that most families could not afford it. In the past
41、the price of meat was so high that most families could not afford it. 2) Crowded traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers. Heavy traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.,十、破句,1) Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the job interview.
42、Nowadays, if you want to find a job, you must pass the job interview. 2) First you should show good manners. Because the first impression you leave on others is important. First you should show good manners, because the first impression you leave on others is important.,Thanks for your attention! Comments and suggestions are welcome!,
