1、教案3,A Practical Translation Course for College Students,实用翻译教程,Translation before Class,I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Every
2、ones losing money these days, he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. I found this outside this gentlemans room, she said. Well, I said to the manager, there is still some ho
3、nesty in this world!,教案2,教学内容,第二章 翻译的基础知识与技巧 2.2 词汇的翻译技巧复习概念(词语的分隔、多枝共干）2.2.1 增词法2.2.2 重复法课堂练习课后作业,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.1 增词法（英译汉）：增词法：所谓增词法，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。这种翻译技巧叫做增词法。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.1 增词法 （英译汉）： 增词法适用的两种情况 一、增加语义上、修辞上需要的
4、词语：英语原文中虽无省略，但却有某种意思寓于字里行间，翻译时需要增加词语表达这种隐含意义，使整个句子的意思贴切，使译文更加明快达意。 二、增补原文中省略的词语：英语根据其语法可以省略某些词语而句子意义仍能完整地加以表达，但译成汉语时通常必须增补省略的词语才能使意思完整清晰。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,根据语义上和修辞上的需要增加动词、形容词、名词、副词；增加表达名词复数的词、增加表达时态的词、增加量词、增加概括词、增加承上启下的词。 1) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.物质可以转换成能量，能量可以转化为物质。 2
5、）It will make a man of him in the college.在那所大学里，一定能把他造就成堂堂的男子汉。 3) He began to see things and to understand. 他开了眼界，明白了一些事理。 4）After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away. 雷雨过后，乌云渐渐散去。,5）Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. 记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。 6）Britains railway system is being improved.英国的铁路系统正日益完善。 7）A
6、red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。 8）The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。 9）Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算 是有点赶时髦吧！,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,根据句法上的需要1.
7、增补原文中省略部分、2.增补表示逻辑关系的词语、3.增补/重复同位语结构中的先行词 1)We dont retreat，we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。 2)The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则。 3)Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电能,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,课堂练习 As he sat down and
8、 began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！ There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,
9、Mary washed for a living after her husband died. 玛丽在丈夫去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这台打字机真是价廉物美。 After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就横穿美国飞往旧金山。 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and decla
10、red his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,- When are they due to arrive? - In about two hours.“他们定于什么时候到达？”“两个小时以后到达。” She majors in Psychology and her brother in Sociology. 她主修心理学，她弟弟主修社会学。 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。,2.2 词汇
11、翻译技巧,2.2.1 增词法（汉译英）：汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，增添必要的代词、冠词、介词或连接词。大作收到，十分高兴。I am very glad to have received your writing.我们响应了祖国的号召。We responded to the call of our motherland.,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.1 增词法汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，增添必要的代词、冠词、介词或连接词。 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis
12、 of problem before it can be properly solved. 我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,课堂练习 汉译英（P.26） 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 交出翻译之前，必
13、须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 耳朵用来听声音，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. And the tongue is used for tasting.,2.
14、2 词汇翻译技巧,汉译英（P.26） 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 天色已相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night. 有因特网真好，鼠标一点，什么样的信息都可以找到。 Internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the cl
15、ick of the mouse.,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现的词 语，以使意思表达得更加清楚，或者进一步加强语气、突出强调某些内容，收到更好的修辞效果。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 重复法有三个作用：一、为了明确二、为了强调三、为了生动,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：一、为了明确1）重复作宾语的名词：We have to analyze and
16、solve problems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。Lets discuss our studying and living conditions.咱们来讨论讨论学习条件和生活条件吧。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：一、为了明确2)重复介词短语中所省略的名词: The story of Shenzhen is a story of development, of reform.深圳的故事是发展的故事，改革的故事。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：一、为了明确3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词: Thank you for your help,
17、which enabled me to get out of difficulty. 感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。 Jesse opened his eyes which were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里满是泪水。 )重复代词: He is your friend and mine, too.他是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。 This is my viewpoint, but not theirs. 这是我的观点，不是他们的观点。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：一、为了明确 5）重复英语中强调关系代词或强调关系副词: whoe
18、ver, whenever, wherever等， Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 谁犯法，谁就该受到惩罚。 Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：一、为了明确 6）省略英语中的内容I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.我已提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。You
19、can stand on your hands, so can I.你会倒立，我也会倒立。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）： 二、为了强调英语一般情况下尽量避免重复，但有时采用有意 识的重复，以起到强烈的修辞效果。What we want ，first and foremost，is to learn，to learn and to learn.我们首先需要的是学习，学习，再学习。Home is home，be it ever so homely.尽管简陋，家总是家。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）： 三、为了生动英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为使译
20、文生动，有时也采用一些重复手段。 1）使用重叠词： Joan had it all written out clearly.琼把它写得清清楚楚。Most peoples life are flat.大多数人的生活是平平淡淡的。,2.2 词汇翻译技巧,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）：2）运用四字词组： gratitude 感恩戴德； prosperity 繁荣昌盛； arrogance 骄傲自大；happy 兴高采烈； sad 伤心失意； careless 粗心大意；,课堂练习： They asked for promises that be cashed in one week. 他们要求得到承
21、诺，而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。 Here comes his girlfriend, a very pretty and sweet girl. 他女朋友来了。他女朋友可是个漂亮女孩。,2.2.2 重复法（英译汉）： 课堂练习： There have been too much publicity about her affair with the manager. 她与经理的桃色事件已是满城风雨，人人皆知了。 The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 他认为这次判决绝对是公平合理的。 They talked about his homet
22、own, about his family, about his work and about his future. 他们谈到他的家乡，谈到他的家庭，谈到他的工作，还谈到他的前程。 I want to talk to you about the future, about our future together. 我想和你谈谈未来,谈谈我们共同的未来。,Practice after Class,Many people dislike doing housework. In the past all housework was done by the housewife. A traditio
23、nal housewife usually arose early, before dawn, in order to fix breakfast and to wake her family. She nudged, prodded, and yelled until everyone was finally out of bed. While everyone else was showering, shaving, and dressing, she was frying eggs and making coffee. One by one, the family members cam
24、e down to the kitchen. When each person sat down, the housewife served him or her breakfast. And how is todays housework done? Womens status both at home and in society has changed to a certain extent. In fact, they do everything that mothers used to do and more. Over one-half of mothers in the Unit
25、ed States today maintain their homes while also managing to hold down eight-hour-per-day, forty-hour-per-week jobs. In many households today, the husband and wife share household chores equally. In many families, the husband and wife earn nearly the same wages. While the husband and wife are sharing in the housework, they can promote their affection. As the income of the family increases, some of young couples have their housework done by the nursemaid. Many families buy cooked food from the supermarket and the delicatessen or go straight to a restaurant when they are tired.,
