1、Indirect vs. Direct,间接与直接,潘淑君 颜子倩,英语English,汉语Chinese,倾向于间接 委婉,倾向于直接 明快,委婉（euphemism) 含蓄（implicitness)克制陈述(understatement)间接肯定（litotes)间接否定（indirect negation)婉转暗示（tactful implication) 迂回（periphrasis),委婉（euphemism),委婉说法是用一种比较间接的方式来谈论不宜直言的人或事物。人们在说话和写作时，往往会借用动听，温和的委婉语来代替粗鲁刺耳的，令人不适的言辞。 英语和汉语都有委婉语，但是与汉语
2、相比，英语委婉语不仅数量多，使用频繁，而且涉猎的范围也相当广泛。,委婉语-死亡,英语Pass away Sleep with ones fathers Be with God Go to a glory Join the great majority,汉语百年 去世 谢世 归寂 寿终 作古,委婉语,官方委婉语职业委婉语学校委婉语,官方委婉语,严重的失业现象：underutilizationhuman resources underdevelopment捏造：less than truthful窃听：intelligence gathering空袭：air support战争：internati
3、onal armed conflict,职业委婉语,Sanitary engineergarbage man 垃圾清洁工 Meat technologistbutcher 屠夫 Funeral directorundertaker 殡仪员 Prison officergaoler 监狱看守,克制陈述(understatement),以含蓄的语气，用轻描淡写的言辞，故意把大事化小。（makes big things seem trifle) I have a little house in the house. Yes, I dont play too badly. I do a little
4、sailing,克制陈述有时带有幽默和冷嘲的意味：,It was nothing, a pinprick.没什么，刺耳的话而已。He had five sandwiches and a quart of milk for his snack. 他吃了5个三明治，喝了一夸脱牛奶，作为他的小吃。,间接肯定（litotes),用反对语的否定来表示肯定，这种弱势的双重否定往往能产生比直接肯定更加强烈的印象。 No small=great No easy=very difficult No bad=good 未尝不可，不虚此行，不无遗憾，难免错误,间接肯定（litotes),To my no small astonishment, I found the house on fire. 我发现房子着了火，这使我大吃一惊。 It serves no little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue. 继续公开讨论这一问题是大有用处的。,用否定方式来表达肯定：,He didnt half like that girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。 He cant see you quickly enough. 他想尽快和你见面。 I couldnt feel better. 我感觉棒极了。,Thank you !,
