1、The Second wave of e-commerce,2018/10/10,1,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: Dominated by U.S companies. Second Wave: Multiple language.,ICANN ( International Corporation for assigned names and numbers): has 13 root servers which control the domain registration.,http:/merce.gov/ Department of Co
2、mmerce of U.S http:/ Ministry of Commerce of P.R.China http:/www.mit.edu/ MIT TsingHua,2018/10/10,2,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: Dominated by U.S companies. Second Wave: Multiple language.,IPv4: 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.,One IP presents one domain name; how many domain names theoretical?,28
3、 . 28 . 28 . 28 =232 about 4.2 billion IP addresses.,2018/10/10,3,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: Dominated by U.S companies. Second Wave: Multiple language.,IPv6: 2128 : 4.2 billion to the power of 4 . (4.2 billion to the 4) Unlimited addresses.,Global business: language translation; currency
4、 conversion.,Buck : Dollar; Quid : Pound;,2018/10/10,4,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: idea can get funds from investors anyway. Second Wave: expand business with own funds.,F founded in 1998. out of ussiness:2000P. Pets foods (low price-to-weight ratio).P upload photos, films; edit them;,2018
5、/10/10,5,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: idea can get funds from investors anyway. Second Wave: expand business with own funds.,Carefully consider the opportunities.,2018/10/10,6,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: dial-up modems. Low speed. Second Wave: broadband connections.,http ftp flash
6、get BT（emule ) ppstream ,2018/10/10,7,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: Barcodes and scanners to track. Second Wave: RFID. Smartcard.,2018/10/10,8,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: e-mail ( unstructured communication ) Second Wave: e-mail ( integrated part of marketing and customer contact s
7、trategies.),2018/10/10,9,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: Online advertising was the main revenue Second Wave: multiple-approaches for online advertising.,2018/10/10,10,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: difficult to sale digital products Second Wave: iTunes. ( 99p a song),Napster : free p2p
8、 download. Merge with TimeWarner, EMI. ( not free).eMule: Donkey Server 1,2,3all have been shut down by law in Germany.,2018/10/10,11,E-COMMERCE CHARACTERISTIC,First wave: first-mover advantage. Second Wave: consider a lot,2018/10/10,12,Business models, revenue models, and business processes.,A busi
9、ness model is a set of processes that combine to yield a profit.,A good business model:Rapid sales growthMarket dominance.,2018/10/10,13,Products suitability to e-commerce,Sale/purchase of books and CDs Online delivery of software. Sale/purchase of travel services. Online shipment tracking. Sale/pur
10、chase of investment and insurance products.,2018/10/10,14,Products suitability to e-commerce,Commodity item:Shipping profile: Strong brand identity:Small group of customer but geographically dispersed:,2018/10/10,15,Advantage of e-commerce,Increases sales opportunities for the seller. Increases purc
11、hasing opportunities for the buyer. Reduces transaction costs in both sides. Provides wide range of choices 24/7. Obtains detailed information on the web. Reduces the time buyers wait. Audits and monitors payments. Makes products and services available in remote areas ( distance education, SOHU).,20
12、18/10/10,16,Disadvantages of e-commerce,Difficult to sale perishable foods and high-cost, unique items. Hard to calculate costs and benefits. Difficult to integrate existing databases and transaction-processing software.,2018/10/10,17,Market,The potential sellers of a good come into contact with pot
13、ential buyers. A medium of exchange is available.,2018/10/10,18,Transaction costs,Are the total of all costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase-sale transaction.,Brokerage fees. Sales commissions. Information search and acquisition. Equipment costs. Hir
14、ing employees.,2018/10/10,19,2018/10/10,20,Industry value chains,P29 Figure 1-10.,Logger Sawmill lumberyard Chair Factory Retailer Consumer Recycler,7 units in wooden chair industry.,SWOT analysis,2018/10/10,21,Internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process,
15、Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis.,SWOT analysis,2018/10/10,22,Strengths,Weakness,Opportunities,Threats,WAL-MART SWOT ANALYSIS,2018/10/10,23,优势(S)沃尔玛是著名的零售业品牌，它以物美价廉、货物繁多和一站式购物而闻名。劣势(W)虽然沃尔玛拥有领先的IT技术，但是由于它的店铺布满全球，这种跨度会导致某些方面的控制力不够强。 机会(O)采取收购、合并或者战略联盟的方式与其他国际零售商合作，专注于欧洲或者大中华区等特定市场。 威胁(T)所有竞争对手的赶超目标。,
