1、习语的翻译,习语就其广义而言，包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语等。 任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。因此，习语、引语有明显的民族特色，是人民群众智慧的结晶，是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感，增强语言的魅力和表达效果。,习语、引语的翻译主要靠译员两种语言的扎实功底，包括对两种语言的词汇、文学、文化背景知识的丰富积累和口译技巧的熟练掌握。习语的翻译主要有三种方法：直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。,1.直译法,对结构和意义上完全对应的习语应采
2、用对等直译法。把原语的习俗、比喻移植到译入语中，这样既能确切地表达原意，又能保留原语生动、形象、鲜明的民族色彩。 英汉两种语言中很多习语，包括很多汉语歇后语都可以采用直译法。这是英汉两种文化互相交流和两种语言相互溶入的结果。,英语习语的汉译 stony heart / have a heart of stone 铁石心肠plain sailing 一帆风顺in black and white 白纸黑字flesh and blood 亲骨肉；亲人 as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 to be led by the nose 被牵着鼻子走to show ones cards 摊牌to
3、be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿全副武装,to turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻 to pick bones from an egg 鸡蛋里面挑骨头Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策 Children and fools tell the truth. 童愚吐真言Evil is rewarded with evil. 恶有恶报Content is happiness. 知足
4、者常乐Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs. 欲责他人，应先知己过；欲正人，先正己。,汉语习语的英译 一心一意 with one heart and one mind 沧海一滴 a drop in the ocean 轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather 实事求是 to seek truth from facts 一见如故 to feel like old friends at the first meeting 同甘共苦 to share each others joys and hardships 掩耳盗
5、铃 to plug ones ears while stealing a bell 知识就是力量。 Knowledge is power. 一寸光阴一寸金, 寸金难买寸光阴。 An inch of time is worth an inch of gold，but an inch of gold cannot purchase an inch of time.,一回生，两回熟。 First meeting, strangers; second meeting, old friends. 一年之计在于春。 The whole years work depends on a good start
6、in spring. 一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。 A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 兔子尾巴长不了。 Like a rabbit tail-it cannot grow any longer-it wont last long. 搬起石头砸自己的脚自作自受 to lift a rock only to drop it on ones own feet-to suffer from what one has done 鳄鱼掉眼泪假慈悲 crocodile shedding tears-pretending to be benevolent,2.直译和转
7、换相结合,对一些结构上对应或部分对应，比喻相似、意思相近的习语应采用直译和转换相结合的方法，对等部分直译，不对等部分进行适当转换。按照英汉两种语言各自的习俗、比喻和习惯表达方法译出，做到既能确切表达原意，又符合译入语的习俗和比喻。,as blind as a bat 有眼无珠 as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠 on pins and needles 如坐针毡 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗 to kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕 to wake up a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇 to beat the
8、dog before the lion 杀鸡给猴看 Lock the door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊补牢。,He who takes charge knows the responsibility. 不当家不知柴米贵。 Poor by condition，rich by ambition. 人穷志不短。 Where there is a will ，there is a way. 事在人为。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。 As a man sows，so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜, 种豆得豆。
9、 Dont wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。,3.意译,还有一类习语，在结构和字面意思上，英汉两种语言似乎无相近之处。其确切的意思有时难以捉摸。遇到这一类习语，译员要根据交谈双方的话题、意图及谈话的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用习语的含义，采用意译、意译加注和其它变通方法，最重要的是译出话语的真正含义。同时，尽可能的保留原语的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死译，以免造成歧义。,a far cry from to face the music to
10、spill the beans to be up to ones ears to beat around the bush to cut corners to hold ones horses in ones element,与相差甚远；大不相同 勇于承担后果 不慎泄密 有许多事情要做；忙于 旁敲侧击，转弯抹角 节约 别忙；耐心点；别沉不住气 在行；擅长,on ones toes 机灵once in a blue moon 极难得；千载难逢to see eye to eye 与(某人)看法一致straight from the shoulder 直截了当to take something wi
11、th a grain of salt 对某事半信半疑或不全信to put all ones eggs in one basket 孤注一掷; 冒险to teach ones grandmother to such eggs 班门弄斧；好为人师to put the cart before the horse 本末倒置to miss the boat 坐失良机,to burn the candle at both ends 过分耗费精力 to poke ones nose into 探听; 干涉 to play for ones own hand 为自己的利益而做 to pull wool ove
12、r ones eyes 蒙蔽某人 to call a spade a spade 实话实说, 直言不讳 Birds of a feature flock together. 物以类聚, 人以群分 Love me; love my dog. 爱吾及犬；爱屋及乌 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的; 伟业非一日可成; 冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒。 Half the world knows not how the other half lives. 富人不知穷人苦; 饱汉不知饿汉饥。,有些汉语习语、俗语、歇后语有强烈而浓厚的民族色彩，意译不能确切表达原意。必须采
13、用意译加注，说明必要的历史文化背景，才能很好传达原意。 卧薪尝胆 to sleep on brushwood and taste gall-to undergo self-imposed hardships so as to strengthen ones resolve to wipe out a national humility； to endure hardships to accomplish some ambition,望子成龙 to hope ones child will become somebody in the future； to hope ones child wil
14、l have a bright future; to hold high hopes for ones child 不到长城非好汉。 He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true hero；not stop until ones aim is obtained,八仙过海，各显神通。 The Eight Immortals crossing the sea-each shows his/her special prowess (in the legend, they were described as fairies with differ
15、ent magic arts)； Like the Eight Immortals soaring the ocean, each of you should show your true worth. 打破砂锅问（纹）到底 breaking an earthenware pot -(lit)-cracked to the bottom；(pun) interrogate thoroughly； to get to the bottom of a matter,引语的翻译主要靠译员平时的勤学和积累。一个成功的译员不仅要有熟练的英汉语言技能，而且要有广博的英汉文学、历史、文化知识，掌握一定数量的
16、英汉名人格言、经典佳句。因此，译员只有平时用心铭记，注意收集，不断充实，用时才能左右逢源，得心应手。,英语引语,Knowledge is like the spring water under ground-the deeper you dig, the clearer is the water. 知识好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。 Waste not, want not. 旧的不去，新的不来。 Carve your name on hearts but not on marbles. 把你的名字刻在人们的心上，而不是大理石上。 Time is money; trust is gold. 时
17、间是金钱，信用是金子。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时光如逝水，岁月不待人。 Riches are gotten with pain, kept with care, and lost with grief.财富得之不易，存之忧虑，失之悲痛。,汉语引语,己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you. 知己知彼，百战不殆。 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with
18、 no danger of defeat. 贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。 He is not to be subdued by force not swerved by poverty. 国家兴亡，匹夫有责。 The fortune of a country depends on the people in it. 识实务者为俊杰。 A man who knows where his interest lies will succeed.,学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thought means labor lost; thought without learni
19、ng is perilous. 业精于勤，荒于嬉。 Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness. 勤能补拙。 Diligence redeems stupidity. 一言既出，驷马难追。 A word once spoken cannot be taken back even by a team of four horses. 一人之失，百人之师。 A past mistake of one serves as a good lesson for all. 人勤地不懒。 If the tiller is i
20、ndustrious, the farmland is productive.,前事不忘，后事之师。 Repent what is past；avoid what is to come 兼听则明，偏听则暗。Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened；heed only one side and you will be benighted. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 If you dont want people to know about it, dont do it. 悬崖勒马犹未晚，船到江心补漏迟。 Its just in time t
21、o rein in at the brink of the precipice, but its too late to mend the ships leak in the middle of the river. “人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛”。为人民利益而死，重于泰山。 Though death befalls all men alike, it may weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. To die for the people is weightier than Mount Tai.,Exercise,he
22、art and soul to make a big fuss about ups and downs to fish in the troubled water to bite off more than one can chew to get on ones high horse to shut ones eyes against to cry up wine and sell vinegar to kick down the ladder to have a ( good ) head on ones shoulder,to put a spoke in ones wheels to b
23、e at the end of ones tether/rope A rising tide lifts all boats. Great minds think alike. Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. A snow year, a rich year. You cannot make bricks without straw. Dont cross a bridge till you come to it. Make hay while the sun shines. Every medal has two sides.,走马观花
24、 坐山观虎斗 水中捞月 廉洁奉公 光明正大 倒行逆施 画饼充饥 拔苗助长 借花献佛 坐收渔人之利 熟能生巧,不到黄河心不死。 宁为鸡首，不为牛后 黄金有价，知识无价。 血浓于水，疏不间亲。 天下无难事，只怕有心人。 路遥知马力，日久见人心。 竹篮打水 一场空 黄鼠狼给鸡拜年没安好心 三个臭皮匠, 赛过诸葛亮。 棺材上画老虎吓死人,Answer,heart and soul to make a big fuss about ups and downs to fish in the troubled water to bite off more than one can chew to get o
25、n ones high horse to shut ones eyes against to cry up wine and sell vinegar to kick down the ladder to have a ( good ) head on ones shoulder,全心全意 大做文章 盛衰；沉浮；挫折 浑水摸鱼 贪多嚼不烂；自不量力 骄傲自大；盛气凌人 视而不见 挂羊头,买狗肉 过河拆桥 有见识; 有能力,to put a spoke in ones wheels to be at the end of ones tether/rope A rising tide lifts
26、all boats. Great minds think alike. Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. A snow year, a rich year. You cannot make bricks without straw. Dont cross a bridge till you come to it. Make hay while the sun shines. Every medal has two sides.,破坏某人的计划 穷途末路; 山穷水尽; 筋疲力尽 水涨船高。 英雄所见略同。 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 瑞雪兆丰年
27、。 巧妇难为无米之炊。 车到山前必有路；船到桥头自然直。 乘晴晒草; 乘机行事; 勿失良机。 每个奖章都有两面; 凡事都有两重性。,走马观花 坐山观虎斗 水中捞月 廉洁奉公 光明正大 倒行逆施 画饼充饥 拔苗助长 借花献佛,to look at the flowers while riding on horseback to sit on the hill and watch tigers fight to catch the moon in the water to be honest in performing ones official duties；to have integrity
28、and always work in the interest of the public to be just and honorable, open and aboveboard to go against the trend of the times to draw a cake to satisfy ones hunger to try to help the rice shoots grow by pulling them upward to present Buddha with borrowed flowers- to borrow something to make a gif
29、t of it,坐收渔人之利 熟能生巧 不到黄河心不死 宁为鸡首，不为牛后 黄金有价，知识无价。 血浓于水，疏不间亲。,to reap advantages from both sides without lifting a finger；to profit from others conflict Practice makes perfect. not to stop until one reaches the Yellow Riverrefuse to give up until all hope is gone; not stop until one reaches ones goal
30、Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. / Better reign in the hell than serve in the heaven. Gold has its price, but learning is beyond price. Blood is thicker than water.,天下无难事，只怕有心人。 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 路遥知马力，日久见人心。 A distant journey te
31、sts the strength of a horse and a long task proves the character of a man. 竹篮打水 一场空 drawing water in a bamboo basketall in vain,黄鼠狼给鸡拜年没安好心 The weasel wishes Happy New Year to a chickenharboring no good intention. 三个臭皮匠, 赛过诸葛亮。 Tree cobblers with wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind; the wisdom of the masses exceeds that of the wisest individual. 棺材上画老虎吓死人 painting a tiger on a coffin(lit) to frighten the dead; (pun/coll.) wanting to frighten somebody to death,
