1、11,历史的道路，不全是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界，这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山叠岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进程，其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这一段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的景致，使我们经过这段道路的人
2、，感到一种壮美的趣味。但这种壮美的趣味，没有雄健的精神是不能够感觉到的。我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡地往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚、一泻万里的魄势。目前的艰难境界，哪能阻抑我们民族生命的前进?我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事2, 敞开的笼子这两只鸟儿原先都是野生的，我在鸟市上买了它们，我把它们请到笼子里。它们的愤怒是显而易见的，不太爱吃东西，也不叫，只是在笼子里不停地飞，冲撞着笼子。一年以后，它们对这个人工环境已经习惯，它们在笼子里歌唱着.显得
3、很高兴。每天早晨六点钟，就能听见它们的歌声，它们用歌声叫醒我，和我的全家。有一天，单位里的同事告诉我，这种鸟儿还可以放到笼子外来养，它们不会离开笼子很远，到了晚上，会自己回到笼里。回到家我打开笼子，看见那两只鸟儿并不往外飞，它们围着笼门飞来飞去，跳跃着，好像在试探这敞开是不是真实，或者在考虑这是不是一个更大的危险。当它们最终确认，这确实是一种自由时，才小心翼翼地从笼子里蹦了出来。然而它们却没有飞远，我发现，这鸟好像已经不太会飞，它们飞的高度不超过一尺。它们更擅长的是蹦，它们的翅磅不过是在帮助它们蹦得远一些，离开笼子不久，它们就又回到笼子上。它们站在笼顶上，抬起翅膀啄着羽毛，它们的自由和不自由，
4、原来不过是几厘米的距离。还没有等到傍晚，它们就又自愿回到笼子了，它们在笼子里吃着食，喝着水，互相啄着羽毛.快乐地嬉戏着。它们对那个敞开的笼门看也不看，在这个有吃、有喝、有快乐的环境里，敞开的笼门又算得了什么呢?21, 专家译文:National Crisis vs Heroic NationThe course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.A
5、 mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a
6、 perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his jou
7、rney upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous sec
8、tion of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.The Yangtse River and the yellow
9、 river are both symbolic of our national spirit. The two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this r
10、ugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days.3参考译文：The wide open cageThe two birds were originally wild. I bought them on the market and invited them into the cage. Their rage was obviou
11、s-they had no appetite and did not chirp at all , just flapping their wings and trying to rush out of the cage.A year latter, having accustomed to the artificial environment, they sang happliy in the cage. Their singing could be heard at 6 oclock every morning,which woke me and my family up.One day,
12、 my colleague told me that this kind of birds could be kept outside of the cage and they would not leave far away. He said they would come back into the cage by themselves in the evening. I opened the cage when I was back home ,but the birds didnt fly out immediately. They flew back and forth near t
13、he door of the cage and jumped as if to make sure whether it was true ,or to find out if it was a bigger danger.Only when they confirmed finally that they were really free, did they jump out with care. However,they didnt fly far away. I found that the birds seems to have almost lost their ability to
14、 fly. They flew only within the height of one chi. What they were better at was jumping. Their wings only helped them jump a litte farther. They would return to the cage soon after they left it. Standing on the top of the cage ,they pecked their feathers with their wings unfolded. For them ,the dist
15、ance between freedom and constraint was actually only a few sentimetersThey came back into the cage voluntarily even before the evening. They ate and drank in the cage, pecked feather for each other and froliced happily,without a look at the wild open door. Compared with the food ,drink and cosy env
16、ironment, the wide open door is meaningless to them.43, The shops of London are as well furnished as thoese of Pekin. Those of London have a picture hung at their door, informing the passengers what they have to sell, as those at Pekin have a board to assure the buyer that they have no intention to
17、cheat him.I was this morning to buy silk for a nightcap: immediately upon entering the mercers shop, the master and his two men, with wigs plastered with powder, appeared to ask my commands. They were certainly the civilest people alive; if I but looked, they flew to the place where I cast my eye; e
18、very motion of mine sent them running round the whole shop for my satisfaction. I informed them that I wanted what was good, and they showed me not less than forty pieces, and each was better than the former the prettiest patern in nature, and the fitterst in the world for nightcaps. “My very good f
19、riend,“ said I to the mercer. “You must not pretend to instruct me in silks; I know these in particular to be no better than your mere flimsy Bungees.-“That may be,“ cired the mercer, who, I afterwards found, had never contradicted a man in his life; “ I cannot pretend to say but they may; but I can
20、 assure you, my Lady Trail has had a sack from this piece this very morning.“-“But, friend,“ said I, “though my lady has chosen a sack from it, I see no necessity that I should chosen a sack from it, I see no necessity that I should wear it for a nightcap.-“That may be,“ returned he again, “Yet what
21、 becomes a pretty lady, will at any time look well on a handsome gentleman.“ This short compliment was thrown in so very seasonably upon my ugly face, that even though I disliked the silk, I desired him to cut me off the pattern of a nightcap.While this business was consigned to his journeymen, the
22、master himself took down some pieces of silk still finer than any I had yet seen, and spreading them before me. “There, “ cries he, “theres beauty; my Loard Snakeskin has bespoke the fellow to this for the birthnight this very morning; it would look charmingly in waistcoats.“ -“But I dont want a wai
23、stcoat.“ replied I. “Not want a waistcoat!“ returned the mercer, “then I would advise you to buy one; when waistcoats are wanted, you may depend upon it they will come dear. Always buy before you want and you ae sure to be welll used, as they say in Chpeapside.“ There was so much justice in his advi
24、ce, that I could not refuse taking it; besides, the silk, which was really a good one, increased the temptation; so I gave orders for that too.5As I was waiting to have my bargains measured and cut, which, I know not how, they executed but slowly , during the interval the mercer entertained me with
25、ther modern manner of some of the nobility receiving company in their morning gowns; “Perhaps, Sir,“ adds he, “you have a mind to see what kind of silk is universally worn.“ Without waiting for my reply, he spreads a piece before me, which might be rechoned beautiful even in China. “If the nobility,
26、“ continues he, “were to know I sold this to any under a Right Honourable, I should certainly lose their custom; you see, my lord, it is at once rich, tasty, and quite the thing.“-“ I am no lord,“ interrupted I.-“I beg pardon.“ cried he, “but be pleased to remember, when you intend buying a morning
27、gown, that you had an offer from me of something worth money. Conscience, sir,conscience is my way of dealing; you may buy a morning gown now, or you may stay till they become dearer and less fashionable; but it is not my business to advise.“ In short, most reverened Fum, he persuaded me to buy a mo
28、rning gown also, and would probably have persuaded me to buy a morning gown also, and would probably have persuaded me to have bought half the goods in his shop, if I had stayed long enough, or was furnished with sufficient money.Upon returning home, I could not help reflectiong, with some astonishm
29、ent, how this very man, with such a confined education and capacity, was yet capable of turning me as he thought proper, and moulding me to his inclinations! I know he was only answering his own purpose, even while he attempted to appear solicitous about mine; yet, by a voluntary infatuation, a sort
30、 of passion, compounded of vanity and good-nature, I walked into the snare wtih my open eyes open, and put myself to future pain in order to give him immediate pleasure. The wisdom of the ignorant somewhat resembles the instinct of animals; it is diffused in but a very narrow sphere, but within that
31、 circle it acts with vigor, uniformity and success.6买绸记伦敦的店铺与北京的一样,布局非常优雅.北京的铺子常常挂着牌匾,以示童叟无欺;而在伦敦,店门口常挂一图像,告知顾客所售之物.今天头午我去买做睡帽的丝绸.一踏进店门,头戴敷粉假发的店主和两个伙计赶忙迎上来,询问我的需求.他们一定是世界上最文明最礼貌的人了;只要我稍看一眼,他们便飞奔到目光所落之处;我的一举一动让他们在店里团团转,去探寻我想要之物.我说我要上等料子,他们马上拿来不下四十种.每一种都比前一种要好,都是天底下最漂亮的图案,世界上最适合做睡帽的材料.“我说朋友,“我对店主说,“ 不
32、必向我兜您的售丝绸知识了,这些明明连你那些不结实的本吉丝都不如.“-“这有可能,“店主叫道,据我后来所知,这个人一生都没顶过谁,“我也不能硬说这不可能;但我可以告诉您,就今天上午,翠莱夫人还买了一袋这种料子.“但是朋友,“我说,“翠莱夫人买了不见得我就非得买它来做睡帽吧?“ “那倒是,但一位夫人穿起来漂亮的东西,在一位英俊的先生身上也总会不错的吧!“这简短的恭维适时地向我不雅的面孔扑来,尽管不喜欢那丝绸,我还是让他为我剪下睡帽所需的料子.把这活计交给伙计之后,店主拿出比刚才所看的都要好的一匹丝绸,在我面前展开来.“瞧,多漂亮; 今早斯耐克斯金爵爷刚为自己的生日晚会预定了这种材料.这做件背心可太
33、妙了.“ “但我不需要背心.“我答到.“不需要? 那我可要劝您买一件了;等到人人都想要背心时,价格保险就涨上去了.套用吉普赛那地方的一句话,不要等到用到了再去买.“ 他的话听起来蛮有道理的,我都不好意思拒绝.而且那丝绸也的确不错,这也增加了不少诱惑.于是我就订了一块.我等着他们为我裁量丝绸,但不知为何,他们的动作总是慢腾腾的.就在这工夫,店主又与我谈起如今一些贵族喜爱穿睡袍见客的风尚.“或许,您也想看看现在人们都在穿的绸缎“ 不等我回答,他早已把面料摊在我面前.这料子就是在中国也算得上考究了. “ 如果贵族们知道我把这料子卖给身份不符的人,“他继续道,“我会失去这些老主顾的.爵爷,您瞧,这料子
34、真是非常华丽非常有品味,货真价实呀!“-“我不是什么爵爷,“我打断他的话.“真不好意思,“他喊道,“但如果您打算做一件睡袍的话,一定要记得我这里的货物可是的物有所值的.良心啊,先生,良心就是我的生意经.您可以现在买一件睡袍,也可以等它贵了再来买,这都由您,我也不能劝您.“ 总之,敬爱的福沫先生,他说得我又买了一件睡衣的料子.如果我再呆下去或者口袋里的钱再多一些,他可能会让我把半个店都买下来.回家之后,我不禁思索起来,吃惊地发现,一个缺乏教育,能力有限的人居然使我任由他摆布,玩弄于股掌. 我知道,即使他对我百般殷勤,也只是想满足自己的私欲;然而,由于自己的糊涂,由于虚荣与善良渗杂的性情,我眼睁睁
35、地走进他们的圈套,用我未来之痛博得他们一时之乐.无知者的智慧有点像动物的本能;它只存在于狭小的领域,但是只要在那个范围之内,它又猛又准,所向披靡.7I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have see
36、n a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants, perhaps, and looking again at each one as thoug
37、h it were a person, by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal.The Rewards of Living a Solitary LifeThe other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and sp
38、ent the “empty“ time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.参考译文：只有在我过度劳累的时候，在我长时间不间断地工作的时侯，在我感到内心空虚，需要充实的时候，我才会感到寂寞。有时，外出演讲回来，见了许多人,讲了许多话，心中满是纷乱的体验需要整理，偶而也会觉得孤独。于是有那么一会儿，我会感到整个房子非常
39、大，空荡荡的。不知此时的自我又藏匿于何处。这时，我会给花草浇浇水，挨个瞅瞅，仿佛它们是活生生的人一样，或是喂喂两只小猫，亲手做顿饭菜，这样自我就慢慢地重新找回。8参考译文：独自生活的报偿前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport:your eagerne
40、ss and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.Reading is fun,not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the authors or even goes beyond his.Your experience,compared with his, brings you to the same or different
41、conclusions,and your ideas develop as you understand his.Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house,but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something;they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas,
42、or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells
43、you you “ought“ to read, you probably wont have fun. But if you put down a book you dont like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time-and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gen
44、tle, you wont have suffered during the process.参考译文:读书是愉悦心智之事.在这一点上它与运动颇为相似:一个优秀的读者必须要有热情、有知识、有速度。读书之乐并非在于作者要告诉你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟随作者一起想像，有时你的想象甚至会超越作者的。把自己的体验与作者的相互比较，你会得出相同或者不同的结论。在理解作者想法的同时，也形成了自己的观点。每一本书都自成体系，就像一家一户的住宅，而图书馆里的藏书好比城市里千家万户的居所。尽管它们都相互独立，但只有相互结合才有意义。家家户户彼此相连，城市与城市彼此相依。相同9或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。人
45、类生活中反复的问题也在文学中不断重现，但因时代与作品的差异，答案也各不相同。如果你希望的话，读书也能充满乐趣。倘若你只读那些别人告诉你该读之书，那么你不太可能有乐趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜欢的书，试着阅读另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后轻轻松松的读下去，差不多一定会乐在其中。而且，当你通过阅读变得更加优秀，更加善良，更加文雅时，阅读便不再是一种折磨。1, “The lady lived across the valley there beyond that hill. I was a young man then, for it was many years ago. I used to
46、ride over to see her; it was a long way, but I rode fast, for young men, as no doubt the Signora knows, are impatient. But the lady was not kind, she would keep me waiting, oh, for hours; and one day when I had waited very long I grew very angry, and as I walked up and down in the garden where she h
47、ad told me she would see me, I broke one of her roses, broke a branch from it ; and when I saw what I had done, I hid it inside my coat so ; and when I came home I planted it, and the Signora sees how it has grown. If the Signora admires it, I must give her a cutting to plant also in her garden; I a
48、m told the English have beautiful gardens that are green, and not burnt with the sun like ours.“2, The next day, when their mended carriage had come up to fetch them, and they were just starting to drive away from the inn, the Contes old servant appeared with the rose-cutting neatly wrapped up, and
49、the compliments and wishes for a buon viaggio from her master. The town collected to see them depart, and the children ran after their carriage through the gate of the little city. They heard a rush of feet behind them for a few moments, but soon they were far down towards the valley; the little town with all its noise and life was high above them on its mountain peak.She had planted the rose at home, where it had grown and flourished in a wonderful manner; and every June the great mass of leaves and shoots still broke out into a passionate splendour of scen
