1、1过去分词作定语和表语过去分词具有 的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作 、状语和补足语。定语在句中修饰 词或 词的成分。表语是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。1. a retired teacher （ ） 一位退休的教师2. an honored guest （ ） 一位受尊敬的客人 3. The library is now closed. （ ） 图书馆现在关门了。4. You seem frightened. （ ） 你看样子受了惊吓。 一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词
2、后面.1.The encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago. 2、 有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。in the given time （ ） with the words given （ ） a concerned look （ ） the people concerned （ ） a
3、 wanted person （ ） workers wanted （ ） 3、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody 等不定代词或指示代词 those 时，要放在这些词的后面。He is one of those invited. Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. 使用过去分词作定语要注意：(1) 及物动词（vt.）的过去分词，既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成；不及物动词（vi.）的过去分词只表示动作的完成。the fallen le
4、aves （ ） the gone days （ ）(2)单个或并列的过去分词做定语，放在它所修饰的词前面；但有时为了强调动作，也可2以放在名词后面。过去分词短语作定语，放在它所修饰的词后面。A broken cup is lying on the floor. Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the hall. What is the language spoken in Japan？The meeting held yesterday was very important. (3)过去分词修饰 something, everyt
5、hing, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。He is one of those invited.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.注意：一般来讲，和分词作表语时一样，及物动词的现在分词修饰事物，过去分词修饰人。如：When they heard the exciting news, they got excited. Then the excited people shouted and cheered.(4)何时用过去分词作定语？因为过去
6、分词只有一种形式，而它又包含完成和被动意味，因此要符合下列条件：过去分词表示的动作是在谓语动作表示的动作之前发生。如：This is a picture painted by my father.= This is a picture that was painted by my father.（分词 painted 所表示的动作发生在谓语 is 之前）The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.= The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.（分词 m
7、ailed 表示的动作发生在 reach 之前）分词表示的动作是没有一定时间性的。如：Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。Is it a letter written in pencil? 这是用铅笔写的信吗？二、过去分词作表语 1、表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作 使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost 等。The window
8、 is broken. Dont get so excited. 2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的 和 ，此时相当于一个 。The glass is broken.Our classroom is crowded3（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的 ，后常跟 短语。The glass was broken by Jack.The windows were closed by Tom last night. （3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。The glass was broken
9、by Tom. Your composition is well written.现在分词与过去分词区别 1.语态上： 现在分词: 表示 的动作过去分词: 表示 的动作 I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened .2.时间上： 现在分词: 表示正在 的动作过去分词: 表示 的意思 the falling leaves （ ）the fallen leaves （ ）boiling water （ ）boiled water （ ）the rising sun （ ）the risen sun （ ）3. 现在分词表示它所
10、修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。常翻译为：令人 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。常翻译为：感到 a moving film （ ）a moved audience （ ）The news is exciting.We were excited to hear it.习题巩固（1）From his _ look on his face, the price of meat must have risen.A. disappointed B. disappointing(2) He hung up the phone with a _ smile on his face.A
11、. satisfied B. satisfying(3) She expressed the story in a _ voice so that we enjoyed it. A. pleasing B. pleased C. pleasant(4) Judging from her _ face, she must be in trouble.A. puzzled B. puzzling(5) The _ parents are not _ with their _ son.4A. disappointing B. disappointed C. satisfied D. satisfac
12、tory 过去分词作表语，一般跟在be，get ，become ，look，sound，feel，keep，remain， grow，seem，appear 等系动词后面；一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到”的意思，主语多数情况下是人。作表语用的过去分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种情感或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有以下：interested，moved，discouraged，amused，astonished，frighten，excited，inspired，pleased， satisfied，tired，worried ，completed，delighted ，hurt，mar
13、ried，crowded 。例如：- How did the audience receive the new play?- They got very excited.- How did Bob do in the exams this time ?- Well, his father seems pleased with his results.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别：这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的，都是有“系动词 be + 过去分词”构成的，有时候容易混淆。区别如下：被动态表示主语的动作；而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。如：The blackboard
14、was broken ( has been broken ) by Li Ming.The blackboard is broken. 从时态上来区分。系表结构只用于一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时；而被动语态除了不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时外，可用于其他时态。从时态的一致性来区分。被动语态的时态要求与相应的主动语态一致；系表结构不需要一致。如：The blackboard was broken by Li Ming.（ ）Li Ming broke the blackboard.（ ）The blackboard is broken. ( )（表示状态则可用现在时，表示目前的
15、状态，不必考虑其时态要与相应的主语语态一致。我们可以理解为黑板以前被李明打碎，现在它是碎的。 ）注意：有相应的形容词能说明状态时，则不用分词，而用形容词。如：The window is opened. The door is locked. ( )The window is open. The door is locked. ( )be + 不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构，而不是被动语态。常用来作表语的不及物动词有：5gone，come，fallen，known，arrived，educated ，risen，learned，returned，excited，retired，astonished，mistaken，interested 等。如：My watch is gone. Its not my fault. You are mistaken.
