1、沪江考研 http:/ AText 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At
2、 last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with
3、 no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether G
4、ilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my comput
5、er and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance tr
6、oupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a t
7、ime and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbe
8、rts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repe
9、rtoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.译文：纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请 Alan Gilbert 作为下一任的音乐总监，这从 2009 年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议.别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的.“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasi
10、ni 写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家.但是，这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是 Gilbert 相对而言并不是很有名.甚至在时代杂志上发文支持 Gilbert 任命的 Tommasini 都称其为：低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质.纽约爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像 Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫马勒 )和 Pierre Boulez 布列兹那样的音乐家领导的.这样去描述这个乐团的下一位指挥，至少对于时代的读者而言，这是一种苍白的表扬.就我看来，我不知道 Gilbert 是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥.但是我能确定的是，他能表现出很多有趣的乐章，但
11、是我却应该不会去 Avery Fisher Hall 或者其他地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出.我要做的事情就是去我的 CD 架上，或者打开的我的电脑从 ITUNES 上下载更多的唱片.沪江考研 http:/ 不仅要和剧院，舞蹈队，演出公司和博物馆竞争，而且还需要和那些记录了 20 世纪的伟大的古典音乐演奏者表演的唱片竞争.唱片很便宜，那里都能买到，并且比现在很多现场音乐会的艺术质量要高.进一步的讲，听众能选择听唱片的时间和地点.这些到处可以获得的唱片给传统的演出机构带来了危机.对于古典音乐演奏者而言，他们可能的一个回应就是排练出唱片上没有的曲目.Gilbert 对新音乐兴趣已经被广泛的关注了：A
12、lex Ross ，一名古典音乐的批评家，就这样描述道：他能够把爱乐乐团变成一个完全不同，更加有活力的组织.但是那种不同的性质也是什么呢？可能仅仅增加乐团演出的曲目是不够的，如果 Gilbert 和他的乐团要进步的话，他们就必须首先改变美国最古老的乐团(就是纽约爱乐乐团) 同他们想吸引的新观众间的关系.文章分析：这篇文章来自 Commentary 2007 年 9 月刊的一篇文章 Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT.这个杂志可以说知名度并不高，这可以看出命题人的出题指向性，反反命题的倾向很严重.以前的经济学人，今年只有在 B 节入选.这篇文章的体
13、裁是议论文 .第一二段都是一个引入.三段提出了作者的观点.四段和五段是对于三段观点进一步的递进和展开.而在第一个第二段中是不同的人对于新任指挥的看法.所以阅读考研文章没有什么复杂的就是关注观点！分清论点和论据！试题分析:21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has .Aincurred criticism. Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim. Daroused curiosity.解析：如果只根据第一段的话，那么大多数人 most part 是 favorable,甚至连不苟言笑的 Antho
14、ny Tommasini 都发出万岁的声音.所以选 C22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential. Bmodest.Crespectable. Dtalented.解析：这个题目关键就是要学会对论点和论据的敏感：Tommasini 是个具体的人提他是有目的的.问他的看法，你可以直接看这样一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”但是这样的句子中的：unpretentious 和 formidabl
15、e 属于难词，真正知道其词义的同学不多，无法直接得出答案 而这个句子在段落中和第一句是一个递进的关系，他是进一步说明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.这个句子难度不大.这个人相对来讲名气不大.A,C,D 都无从谈起了.只有 modest 和这个名气大不大能相关.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore t
16、he expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.解析：作者的观点：The author believes，这个是在关注定位词 devoted concertgoers 后的另外一个关键点；作者认为 concertgoers miss the point;但具体是什么，需要看选项了 .A ,忽略了现场演奏的费用，B
17、,拒绝大多数的唱片演奏.这两个是没有根据的属于未提及选项.C 有一定的干扰性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有 variety 这个单词的，并且在段落中出现了好多并列的成分，这样对于很多没有读懂原文的同学其实是会产生视觉干扰的.但是 the value of live performances 这个宾语和动词是没有原文依据的.最后一个选项之所以正确是由于：作者在一直说唱片的好，而前面又说 concertgoers 认为现场演奏不会被唱片代替.这样就是论点上的正话反说了.通过排除法我们直接可以把答案定位到最后一个：高估了现场表演的价值.24. Acco
18、rding to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.沪江考研 http:/ help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.解析：这是一道典型的细节题，通过题干中的关键词：recordings 定位到倒数第二段：These
19、recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution
20、of the traditional classical concert.一连串的描述就是 B.干扰项是 C : They help improve the quality of music.听 Kevin 的分析主谓宾，回文章中定位你会发现，文章中说的是唱片中的表演的质量要比现在的好，但是并没有说：help improve the quality of music. AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.和原文表述相反 .DThey have only covered masterpieces.原文没有提及.而且 only
21、的表意太绝对了.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful. Benthusiastic.Cconfident. Dpuzzled.解析：问作者的态度，主体是作者，对象是 Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic 从具体表述出发寻找相应的态度表达词：But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras rep
22、ertoire will not be enough.一个 but ,一个？，一个 not 就把这种不确定性给出来了 .于是这就是选 A doubtful.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “t
23、o pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position l
24、ined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.
25、As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take
26、 hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decis
27、ion to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey :“I cant think of a single search Ive done wh
28、ere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she
29、became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has mad
30、e it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”译文：当八月份，Liam McGee 以总裁的身份从美国银行离职的时候，他的解释出人意料的直
31、白.他没有忸怩的用沪江考研 http:/ 说宣扬自己的目标就是自己的决定.两周后，他第一次和 Hartford Financial Services Group 的董事会第一次会谈，这家公司在 9 月 29 日提名他为董事会主席和 CEO.他说在离开的时候并没有找好后面的职位(下家) ，使他有时间去反思他到底想去经营一家什么样的公司 .这同时也就他的激情和决心，给了外界一个清晰的信号.这样做的并不只是 McGee 一个人.最近几周，Avon and American Express 的一些高级经理离职并解释说想需找一个 CEO 的职位.当董事会迫于股东的压力对一系列的计划进行审查的时候，那些计
32、划被否定掉的经理们也会想离开.激烈的商业环境同样使得高级经理很小心，模糊的表态可能会破坏他们的声誉.当经济复苏的标志开始确定的时候，二把手们可能更愿意在没有网(新的工作) 情况下换工作.第三季度，根据Liberum 的调查，CEO 的更迭和一年前相比减少了 23%，这是由于紧张的董事会紧盯着他们的 CEO 们.随着经济的复苏和好转，对有理想的头儿们，机会是很多的.离开高管的职位去寻找一个更好的职位，并不是传统的做法.多年以来，经理们和猎头们都认同这样一个原则：最有吸引力的 CEO 的竞争是那些需要去挖来的人.Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey 说道：
33、我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事会都要求我从那些在任的 CEO 中寻找人选.那些没有找到工作就离开的人并不是很快就能找到顶级的职位.10 年前，Tropicana 被 PepsiCo (PEP)收购了，她以经理的身份离职了，她说他想当 CEO.但是花了一年的时间她才成为一家小型互联网交换公司的头.2005年 Robert Willumstad 带着想成为 CEO 的梦想离开了 Citigroup.可是三年后他才成为了一家主要的金融机构的CEO.很多招聘的人都说对于高管而言，过去认为的丢脸的感觉(没有工作) 已经慢慢消失了.金融危机已经使得跳槽，离开一个不好的工作变得更加可以接受了.一个猎头就说到：
34、 “传统的规则是待在你原来的地方会更加安全，但是现在已经彻底改变了. 那些受伤最厉害的就是那里在一个地方待太久的人.”文章分析：这篇文章来自：Business Week 商业周刊 2009 年 11 月 5 日，Top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job by Jena McGregor：顶级经理人在离职，新工作还没着落.文章从 Liam McGee 的跳槽为引子开始，引出第二段中跳槽的人很多.第三段进一步的讲金融危机会引起更多的人跳槽.四段和五段回顾过去.六段回到现在.借别人的嘴强化观点：就是该跳，并且要“裸跳”，在没有找到下家就跳.“裸跳”不丢
35、人.26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant. Bfrank.Cself-centered. Dimpulsive.解析：根据题干中的 McGee announced his departure 定位到这两句：When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than
36、 cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” straight up 是第一个线索，Rather than vague excuses 答案直接可以锁定： B. frank.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better fi
37、nancial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.解析：根据题干中的关键词 senior executives quitting，寻找原因：文章中很明确的 with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.答案和原文使用了上下义词的替换；new career goals= CEO post；也是上下义词的替
38、换.有干扰性最大的就是 C 了，后文确实提到了和 board 之间的关系，但是是讲在计划不被批准的时候，并不是和董事会关系紧张.并且董事会的审查是在股东的压力下才执行的. 28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of. Battended to.Chunted for Dguarded against.沪江考研 http:/ cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look
39、 at sitting CEOs first.我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事会都要求我从那些在任的 CEO 中寻找人选.这说明那些人都是要去挖的，那么对应的单词就是 hunt for 了.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick
40、 to the traditional rules.解析：段落推理题.通过文章的这句话 The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted.我们可以直接得出答案 A.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go? BCEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way
41、Out for Top Performers解析：强烈的干扰项是：ACEOs: Where to Go? BCEOs: All the Way Up?原因在于 CEO 在文中出现了很多次，同学们把 CEO 成了主体词.这也是反反命题的一个体现.文章的主体词其实是：top manager, CEO 只是他们想去成为，而不是现在就是.不是主题词.这给了我们一个启示，要从文章的大意找结构.不要被其他的所谓技巧所迷惑.去掉 A 和 B 以后，c 和 d 相比答案就比较容易了.只是要理解 net 就是替换了 new job.而原文的标题就是这样的 top Managers Are Quitting, W
42、ithout a New Job.Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers pas
43、sionate about a product may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact，the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decision
44、s means that marketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media be
45、come another marketers paid media for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is
46、still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine that many people
47、 are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look
