1、1英语语法之名词专项练习二. 知识归纳、分析与总结1. 名词的定义名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。 例如：worker 工人 desk 桌子 hospital 医院 time 时间 honesty 诚实2. 名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师 tea 茶 reform 改革专有名词： 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns ） 。可数名词有单
2、,复数之分,表示一个或多个。a book 一本书 two books 两本书不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand 沙 sugar 糖有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件3. 名词的功能名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。书包在桌子里边。I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。This is
3、a good book. book 作表语。这是一本好书。We elected him our monitor. monitor 作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Mary lives with her parents. parents 作介词宾语。玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。He is a Party member. Party 作定语.他是一名党员。They study hard day and night. day and night 作状语。他们不分白天黑夜地学习。4. 名词的数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。a bo
4、ok 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如： a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 s 或 es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。2注：极少数名词虽然以o 或者f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 s,为数不多, 如 radios, pianos, photos, roofs 等。英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，man men, woman women, foot feet, tooth t
5、eeth, mouse mice, ox oxen, sheep sheep, dear dear, fish fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 people 人 police 警察 stockings 长裤 socks 短袜 boots 靴子 5. 名词的格在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是
6、主格。I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格： 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。Lu Xuns book is worth reading.鲁迅的书值得一读。This is my fathers room.这是我父亲的房间。以s 或 es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 “ ”。There are many students exercise books here.这儿有许多学生的练习本。复合名词的所有格 “s” 加在后面的名词之后。This is my soninlaws bike.这是我女婿的自行车。如果一样
7、东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 “ s “。构成 读音 例词一般情况下,在词尾加 s.1. 在清辅音后读/s/.2. 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/.1.maps /s/desks /s/2.days/z/dogs/z/以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的名词后面加es+es 读/iz/ classclasses/siz/boxboxes/siz/brushbrushes/iz/watchwatches/tiz/以 e 结尾的名词后面加s+s 读/iz/ houses/ziz/horses/ziz/以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,把 f 或 fe 变成 vesves 读/vz/ bookshelves
8、/vz/wives/vz/knives/vz/以辅音+y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i ,再加 esies 读/iz/ cities/iz/babies/iz/factories/iz/以辅音 + o 结尾的名词,加 es,s 读/z/ heroes/z/potatoes/z/tomatoes/z/3We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhangs room.我们参观了小李和小张的房间。名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。The book is not mine, but Li Huas.这本书不是我的，是李华的。I had my hair cut
9、 in the barbers.我在理发店理发了。表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与 of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。Its a map of China.它是一幅中国地图。Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。【典型例题】1. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe答案：C句意：我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗？解析：potato 土豆是可数名词。因为有 some 修饰所以 potato 要用复
10、数形式。以辅音+o 结尾的名词后面要+es。所以 C. potatoes 是正确答案。2. What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes答案：B句意：老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀！解析：牙齿 tooth 的复数形式是 teeth3. Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave答案：B句意：请记得喂马一些树叶。解析：树叶 leaf 是以 f 结尾的，所以它的复数形式是变 f 为 v，再加 es4.
11、 Can we have some _?Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear答案：B句意：能给我们一些橘子吗？好的。解析：some 修饰名词复数。四个选项中只有 B. oranges 是复数。5. On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato答案：C句意：桌子上有五个西红柿。解析：tomato ,辅音+o 结尾的名词变复数后面要加 es【模拟试题】 （答题时间：60 分钟）一. 单项选择1. They got mu
12、ch _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 2. He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice4C. an advice D. a advice3. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a newsC. the news D. news4. What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a5. Wo
13、uld you like_ tea?No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges6. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads7. It really took him：_ to dr
14、aw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time8. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks9. Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 10. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piec
15、e C. a D. a piece of11. John bought_ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes12. How many _ have you got on your farm?Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken13. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germe
16、n C. Germany D. Germanies14. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep; foxs15. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American16. This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.
17、glass17. What would you like to have for lunch, sir?Id like_. A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken18. Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room19. Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods20. I wonder why _ are so interested
18、 in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples21.I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works522. Lets meet at 7： 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park23._ Chinese people are _ hard
19、 working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a24.How many _ were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair26. Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair B. set C. piece
20、D. block27. There is a _of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece C. box D. pair28. There are sixtyseven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher29. There are five_ in our factory.A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers30. These
21、 _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor31. They write most of their._ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters32. We came to a _ at last and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop C
22、. watching shop D. watchs shop33. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_ A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop34. She broke a_ while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass35.Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbe
23、rs B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number36. September 10th is_ in China.A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day37. Is the broom under _ desk? No, its under_,.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine38. Excuse me, where is the_?A. me
24、ns room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms39. The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys640 This is my_ dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister Marys D. sisters Marys41. He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor
25、 C. a tailors D. the tailors42. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister二. 完形填空A driver was going by car through a country . He saw a dog 1 a man . As the car came near them , 2 dog suddenly started to cross the road . The poor ani
26、mal was 3 and killed . The driver 4 his car and walked towards the man . “ Im very 5 that this happened . ” he said , “ Will five pounds be enough ? ”“ Oh 6 , ” said the man . “ Five pounds will 7 , ” The man put the money in his pocket , and as the car had 8 , he looked down at the 9 animal and tho
27、ught . “ I wonder 10 dog it was . ”1. A. after B. behind C. back D. between2. A. the B. a C. an D. some3. A. taken B. caught C. hit D. followed4. A. started B. stopped C. pulled D. cleaned5. A. glad B. afraid C. sorry D. happy6. A. yes B. no C. not D. yet7. A. be enough B. be lost C. be returned D.
28、not be enough8. A. repaired B. arrived C. came D. gone9. A. dead B. die C. death D. dying10. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which三. 阅读理解A good reader is like a driver very much . He must change his reading speed to fit his purpose and material he is reading , just as a driver does fit the road situation
29、. A good reader may be able to read a thousand words per minute（WPM）, but he wont use the speed for everything he reads . A good reader doing research reading in the library may read at the speed of 1, 000 words per minute as he looks for material for a report . But once he finds omething that is us
30、eful to him , he may need to slow down to 100 WPM .A good reader may read newspaper and magazine article at 600 WPM . But it may take him 150 WPM to read his science or maths text . Just as a driver has a wide change of speed , so has a good reader . 1. According to the writer , good reader can .A.
31、read at 1,000 WPM B. often go to the library C. spend more time reading D. change the speed as needed2. The passage tells us that the speed of reading depends on .a. the member of books b. the purpose of readingc. the time when you are reading d. the material that you are readinge. the place where y
32、ou are readingA. a and b B. b , c and d C. b and d D. a , d and e3. A good reader may use highest speed of reading when .A. he reads newspaper and magazine B. he reads the material most useful to himC. he is trying to work out a math problemD. he is trying to find material for his report 74. The pas
33、sage suggests（暗示）that a good driver should .A. be able to drive at a high speed B. be good at changing driving speed C. be able to drive in all kinds of weather D. be good at driving on a country road5. This passage is mainly about .A. the best way of fast readingB. the difference between driving an
34、d readingC. the importance of having different reading speedD. the relation between reading and driving speed四. 句型转换及完成句子1. His work is almost finished .His work is finished . 2. Because there was no rain for three months , all the crops nearly died . As the of for three months all the crops nearly
35、died .3. We can see many trees on each side of the streets . Many trees can on sides of the street . 4. Please tell me where I can find him . Please tell me where .5. 大米需要在恰当的时候收割。Rice should .6. 惟一的问题是你没有足够的钱。that you dont have enough money . 7. 所以土壤不会被轻易的冲走。So the soil .8. 我洗好了衬衣以便第二天穿。 9. 那家饭店有上千
36、公里远。 10. Its quite hot outside . Youd better （not put）on your coat . 五. 书面表达根据下面的汉语提示写一篇日记，字数 7080 词。今天是植树节，星期四你与同学们一起坐公共汽车去了西山农场。路上大家非常高兴，有的唱歌，有的讲故事。一到农场，大家干起活儿来。李雷挖洞，你挑水，你们种了很多树以及帮助农民们干了许多其他的活儿。你们都很努力。大约 10：30，树栽完了，大家在农场吃了午饭，那一天真开心！8【试题答案】一.15CBCAB 610CDADD 1115 ABAAC 1620DAAAA 2125DADCD2630 BBBDB
37、 3135BACDA 3640BDADC 4142CB二.15 BACBC 610 AADAB三.15 DCDBC四.1. more or less 2. result , drought 3. be , seen , both4. he is 5. be harvested at the right time 6. The only problem is7. isnt easily washed away8. I washed my blouse / shirt so that I could wear it in the next day. 9. The restaurant is / w
38、as thousands of kilometers away.10. not put五.Thursday March 12th , 2003Today is Tree Planting Day . I went to the West Hill Farm with my classmates . All were very happy on the bus . Some sang the beautiful songs , some told stories for each other . We all worked hard as soon as we got to the farm . Li Lei dug holes , I carried the water . We planted many trees and helped the farmers do many other things . Though we were tired , we felt very happy . It was 10：30 . We had lunch on the farm after planting trees . We enjoyed ourselves .
