1、Section Four Consolidation Activities . Vocabulary1. Word Derivation1) assurance n. assure v. assuring a.她向我们保证一切都会好起来的。She assured us that everything would turn out all right.or She gave us her assurance that everything would turn out all right.他的安慰话帮我排除了恐惧。His assuring words helped to banish my fe
2、ar.2) discreet a. discreetly ad. discretion / discreetness n.提出忠告要谨慎，接受忠告要虚心。You need to be discreet in giving advice, humble in accepting it.那人小心翼翼地把名片放进上衣口袋。The man discreetly slipped the card into his top pocket.他以最谨慎的态度处理此事。He handled the matter with his best discretion.3) relax v. relaxing a. r
3、elaxation n.你可以通过按摩来放松肌肉。You can relax your muscles by massage.业余爱好应该是可以使人放松的。Hobbies are supposed to be relaxing.瑜伽是一种可以使身心放松的运动。Yoga is an exercise that can provide mental and physical relaxation.4) humiliation n. humiliate v. humiliating a.士可杀不可辱。A scholar prefers death to humiliation.他在老板面前批评他的同
4、事，因而让同事蒙羞。He humiliated his colleague by criticising him in front of the boss.历史上中国曾被迫签署了太多屈节辱国的条约。In history, China has been forced to sign too many humiliating treaties.5) strategically ad. strategic a. strategy n.在战略上，我们应该藐视一切敌人。Strategically we should despise all our enemies.西部大开发战略吸引了全世界的注意。The
5、 large-scale development strategy for the western region drew worldwide attention.一般而言，首先参战的那方具有战略优势。Generally, the first to the field of battle has the strategic advantage.6) embarrass v. embarrassing a. embarrassment n.他淘气地寻找机会让他姐姐难堪。He mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his sister.每个人
6、都会遇到不知该给服务生多少小费的窘境。Everyone has faced the embarrassing dilemma of deciding how much extra to give a waiter.他避免了在众人面前吻她的尴尬。He spared the embarrassment of kissing her in front of everybody.7) maneuver v./n. maneuverable a.他设法跻身董事会。He maneuvered himself into the board of directors.在军事演习中，蓝军企图摸营，被红军挫败。I
7、n the military maneuver, the blue army attempted to attack the red armys sentinels in the dark, but was defeated.这艘船的大小适中，可操作性很强。The ship is of an appropriate size and is highly maneuverable.8) mature a. maturity n.Antonym: immature a. immaturity n.她是位成熟的夫人，但显得年轻而且异乎寻常地美丽。She was a mature woman, but
8、 appeared young and was extraordinarily beautiful.她到十六岁发育成熟。She had reached maturity by the time she was sixteen.不管熟还是没有熟的水果，都可以用糖来保存。The fruits, mature or immature, can be conserved with sugar.2. Phrase Practice1) You have to take your daughter to hospital, as a rash has broken out on her face and
9、hands.break out: (of war, fighting, disease, or similarly undesirable things) start suddenlye.g.印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。Forest fires have broken out across Indonesia.2) In the darkness, I _ the right box. groped forgrope for: feel or search about uncertainly (for something) by hands; search uncertainly or with
10、 difficulty (for a solution, answer, etc.)e.g. 我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。I grope for the light switch in the dark room.3) I warned him repeatedly that it was no good _ that kind of tricks _ me. tryingontry on: put on (an article of clothing) to find out whether it fits or is suitable; test the effect or res
11、ult ofe.g. 你可以试试这件新上衣。You can try on this new coat.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？Why do people like to try their luck on lottery?4) Our sympathies _ the relatives of the victims. go out to(ones heart or sympathy) go out to sb.: feel sympathy towards sb. and think about theme.g. 他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。His heart went ou
12、t to Mrs. Blackman and her fatherless child.5) The drug traffickers were arrested after the police were _ by the local residents. tipped offtip off: give an advance warning or hint toe.g. 他向警察告密，揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。He tipped off the police about the terrorist plot.3. Synonym / Antonym 1. Adding to my distres
13、s was the distinct impression that everyone on campus was watching me.Antonyms: vague, indistinct2. With that thought in mind, I raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out in the direction of my dorm, glancing (and then ever so discreetly) at the campus map clutched in my hand.Synonyms: caref
14、ully, meticulously3. What confidence, what reserve, what muscles!Synonyms: self-restraint, self-control4. I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts.Antonyms: c
15、lever, intelligent, sensible5. Freshmen manuals advised sitting near the front, showing the professor in intelligent and energetic demeanor.Synonyms: manner, behaviour6. I was even more surprised when I saw who the poor soul was: the very composed, very upper class football player Id seen just days
16、before Antonyms: excited, agitated7. I expected him to slink out of the cafeteria as I had, but instead he turned around and began preparing another tray.Synonym: sneak8. What I had interpreted as a malicious attempt to embarrass a naive freshman had been merely a moment of college fun.Antonyms: mat
17、ure, sophisticated. Grammar1) Nominal ClausesThere are five main types of nominal clauses: that-clauses, interrogative sub-clauses, nominal relative clauses, nominal to-infinitive clauses and nominal -ing clauses. Nominal clauses function like noun phrases. They can occur as subject, object, complem
18、ent, apposition, and prepositional complement.For example: The hope is that we will succeed. (complement) The hope that we will succeed is unrealistic. (apposition) What you do does not concern me. (subject) I didnt ask where you live. (object) I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must sa
19、y. (prepositional complement) To send him money now would be to put the cart before the horse. (subject; complement)PracticeCombine each pair of sentences into one, using nominal clauses. （以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到 ppt 里面也要保持斜体） Did he ever go there at all? Do you know?Do you know if/whether he ever
20、went there at all? What do you need? You need a good rest.What you need is a good rest. Who does it belong to? You must give it back. You must give it back to whoever it belongs to. I decided to resign, which was wise.My decision to resign was wise.It is proposed that we should import more equipment
21、. The proposal is to be discussed at the meeting. The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed at the meeting. Who can have told you that? It puzzles me. Who can have told you that puzzles me.2) so that（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到 ppt 里面也要保持斜体）So that introduces an adverbial cla
22、use of purpose, which usually contains a modal verb.For example:The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can understand well.They climbed to the top of the mountain so that they could get a birds-eye view of the city.Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到 ppt 里面也要保持斜体）Combine each pair of sent
23、ences into one, using “so that”. He wore glasses and a false beard. Nobody would recognize him. He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him. They are hurrying. They dont want to miss the train. They are hurrying so that they may not miss the train. Please arrive early. We wa
24、nt to be able to start the meeting on time. Please arrive early so that we can start the meeting on time. John wanted to be heard in every room. He spoke through a microphone. John spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard in every room. She locked the door. She didnt want to be disturbed
25、.She locked the door so that she wouldnt be disturbed. John has bought a bicycle. He may save money on fares. John has bought a bicycle so that he may save money on fares. 3) Adverbial Clauses of ConcessionAdverbial clauses of concession express a contrast of meaning or implication of unexpectedness
26、 in relation with the main clauses. They are often introduced by concessive conjunctions such as although, though or prepositions such as despite.For example:Although the car was badly damaged, none of the passengers was hurt.We enjoyed our holiday despite the fact that it rained sometimes.However d
27、ifficult the situation is, we shall stick to it.Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到 ppt 里面也要保持斜体）Combine each pair of sentences into one, using adverbial clauses of concession. He had been prevented by illness from studying. He passed the exam. He passed the exam although he had been prevented by illn
28、ess from studying. He might be or not be here. I shouldnt have time to see him. No matter whether he was here or not, I shouldnt have time to see him. Mr. Johnson is rich. Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man. Rich as he is / Although he is rich, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man. He is ill.
29、He works hard. Despite / Although he is ill, he works hard. The minister escaped without a scratch. Everything around the minister was blown to pieces. Though everything around him was blown to pieces, the minister escaped without a scratch. Translation1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。(distress)Explanation If y
30、ou distress someone, you upset them by doing or saying something that causes them to feel unhappy or alarmed.TranslationIt distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures.Practice如果我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼，我很抱歉。Im sorry if Ive distressed you by asking all this.请不要自寻烦恼。Please
31、 dont distress yourself.2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。(assume)Explanation: If you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you look or behave in this way deliberately in order to give people a particular impression.TranslationHe assumed an air for cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with
32、 his boss.Practice文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。Civil servants assume a certain military air.他装出一副悔过的样子。He assumed an expression of penitence.3. 如果你再犯同样的错误，他会对你非常生气的。(furious)ExplanationWhen you are furious with / at sb. or sth., you are extremely angry or annoyed with him / at it.TranslationHe will be furious wit
33、h you if you repeat the same mistake.Practice他为没有更早明白这件事而对自己非常生气。He was furious with himself for not realizing it sooner.他因为她所做的事情而大发雷霆。He was furious with her at what she had done.4. 我们都被他的坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。(draw)ExplanationIf something draws you, it is so interesting or noticeable that you lo
34、ok at it or move towards it.TranslationWe were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.Practice收音机的声音吸引了孩子们的注意。The noise of the radio drew the children.这部好莱坞大片为了吸引大批观众，动用了许多大牌明星。The Hollywood blockbuster has used many big stars to draw a large audience.5. 等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那
35、位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。(die down)Explanation If something dies down, it becomes very much quieter or less intense. TranslationAfter the cheering applause died down, the Nobel Prize winner began his speech.Practice 她等到笑声渐渐停止。She waited until the laughter had died down.既然这名妇女已经死了，这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。The gossip will so
36、on die down now that the woman is dead.6. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。(live up to)Explanation If someone or something lives up to what they were expected or desired to be or do, they are as good as they were expected or desired to be.TranslationI feel realities are after all very harsh, so one c
37、an hardly live up entirely to his ideals.Practice 这部电影没有我期望的那么好。The film didnt live up to my expectations. 你没能实现自己的诺言。You have failed to live up to your promises. Exercises for Integrated Skills1. DictationThere are generally two educational methods: / the lecture method and the group learning metho
38、d. / In a lecture classroom, / the teacher dominates the class /by doing most of the talking. / Students listen and take notes. / This method is best at passing on content to students. / It prepares students for a society / that values discipline and self-control. / The problem is that students forg
39、et most of the facts / that they have mechanically memorized. / In contrast, / the teacher of a group learning classroom / appears to have no definite role at all, / wandering about from group to group. / Students do not memorise information, / but they actively generate their own ideas, / each cont
40、ributing insights for the success of the group. / This method prepares students for a society / that values creative ideas. / The disadvantage is that /students have not memorised enough basic facts.2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.Academic success (1) _
41、 in many forms. For most students, its a stellar transcript that opens doors into great jobs or great graduate schools. For (2)_, academic success also includes (3) _ happens outside of the classroom. With so much (4) _ on in college, though, how can you make sure youre headed down a path toward tru
42、e academic success and toward a truly rewarding college experience?You may arrive at college knowing that you are destined to become a teacher, a lawyer, a doctor, or an engineer. Or you may arrive (5) _ having the slightest idea about what you want to major in. No matter which end of the spectrum y
43、oure on, however, you should let yourself explore everything that your school has to (6) _ academically. Take classes in a subject youve never taken before. Follow a passion that doesnt (7) _ to your major. Just let yourself really learn from your environment. There will undoubtedly be a lot of peop
44、le giving you advice about what you should do during and after (8) _. And while you may be in school to learn, you will, at some point, have to draw your own line in the sand. Pick a career and course of study that suits you, (9) _ your parents. Pay attention to the fire in your belly and learn what youre truly passionate about. Make sure youre happy at your school. And once youve made a choice, feel confident in your decision and do all you can to (10) _ from the resources around you.Keys(1) comes (2) others (3) what (4) going (5) not(6) offer (7) relate (8) college (9) not (10) learn
