1、（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte )(=fortissimo)legatolentomezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./ri
2、t.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the sign becoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( modera
3、tely )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower逐渐加快慢(舒适 )稍快(但不及 allegro 快)快(欢乐 )，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“ ”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中 )中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢
4、演奏指示 Performance Directions一级：ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed， time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata
5、)repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突
6、然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。将音符(或休止符) 的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava )perform an octave higher( written over a note or note
7、s )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats in a minute( M.M.is short for Maelzel s Metronome )八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏 76 个四分音符(M.M.是 Maelzels Metronome(拍节机) 的简称（一）演奏术语aal, allaallargandoandantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo(es
8、press./espr.)(=fortepiano)giocosogravegraziosolarghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomossoin the style of, for, at, with,ina cappella: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d arco : with the point of the bowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in
9、 the style of a march )broadening(getting slower and louder)slightly faster than andantevery(allegro assai : very quick )withsoft, sweetandexpressivefirst loudly, then immediately softplayful , merrysolemn,very slowgracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymo
10、ved( meno mosso : less moved )以风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以( 无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma darco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以风格，至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常，很(allegro assai:很快)用，含有温柔地，甜蜜地和，以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的，快乐的严肃的，极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的，(但比广板 largo 稍快)慢的，庄严的但是华贵的，堂皇的少些十分，很活动的(
11、 meno mosso:稍慢)二级：motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato )simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held fo
12、r its full time-value ,and generally slightly detached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short as possibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo)accentedstronger accent(usually stronger than )the notes should be slightly separated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板 allegr
13、o 更快)没有，去除重音，加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思( =staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比更强)半断音，即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato)演奏术语adagiettoad libitum,ad lib.agitatoalla breve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisode
14、licatoenergicoforzalargamenteleggieromarcato . marcmarzialemestopesanteprima, primorisolutoritmicorubato ,tempo rubatorather slow(but faster than adagio)optional or at willagitatedwith each beat as a minim( orinstead of ) love ( amoroso : loving )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/spirited )animat
15、ed , lively( animando : becomingmore lively )wellvigour(con brio : with vigour, lively )convenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable speed )with determinationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial , war-likesadheavyfirstbold, strongrhythmicallywith some freedom of time稍慢(但比 adagio 略快)
16、随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以 或代替 )爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地 )心灵、精神(con anima:有感情地/ 生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(con brio:有活力地 )舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度三级：scherzando,scherzososeconda,secondosemplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste ,tristamen
17、tevoltaplayful,jokingsecondsimple , plainalwaysgradually getting fastersuddenlyso muchcalmsad , sorrowfultime(prama volta:first time;seconda volta: second time)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(prima volta:第一次;seconda volta:第二次)con sordini,con sord.senza sordini，senza sord.arcopizzicato, p
18、izz.sul Gsul ponticellouna corda ( u.c.)tre corde(t.c.)manomano destra(m.d.)mano sinistra ( m.s.)affettuosoaffrettandowith muteswithout mutesplay with the bow(a directionafter pizzicato )down bowup bowa slur over or under two or morenotes meaning that they are to beplayed with one stroke of the bowp
19、luckedon the G stringnear the bridge( literally : one string )press the left( soft ) pedal( literally : three strings )release theleft( soft )pedalpress.release the right( sustaining ) pedalhandright handleft handspread the notes of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom noteaffectionate,with ten
20、dernesshurrying加上弱音器除去弱音器用弓拉奏(在 pizzicat。之后所用的指示)下弓上弓在音符上面或下面的弧线，表示那些音符要以一弓拉完拨弦在 G 弦上在靠近琴马的位置处演奏(直泽:一根弦)踏下左边 (弱音)踏板(直译:三根弦)放开芍立 (弱音)踏板踏下放开右边(延音) 踏板手右手左手由最低的音开始，快速地先后奏出和弦中各音富于感情的，温柔的加快的四级：(一)音乐术语和符号 Musical terms and signs只用于某些特定乐器上的术语和符号。1.用于弦乐器和铜管乐器上的演奏提示2.用于弦乐器上的演奏提示3.用于钢琴的演奏提示(二)意大利文术语amabileappa
21、ssionatocalandocantandocomecome primacome soprafacilefuocogiustoI istessoI istesso tempomorendonientenobilmenteperdendosipossibilequasisonorosoprasottosotto vocevelocevoceamiable , pleasantwith passionbecoming softer and slowersingingas , similar toas beforeas aboveeasyfireproper,tempo giusto : in s
22、trict timethe sameat the same speed、dying awaynothingnoblydying awaypossiblepresto possibile : as fast as possibleas if , almostsonorous,resonantabovebelowin an undertoneswiftvoice亲切的，令人愉快的充满激情地渐弱及渐慢如歌的好像，如同跟前面一样跟上面一样容易火热适当的、准确的tempo giusto:以严谨的速度同样的以同样速度逐渐减弱没有什么高贵地逐渐减弱尽可能地presto possibile:尽可能快地好像响亮
23、的，洪亮的在上面在下面以轻声迅速的声音;声部(三)法文术语attaccadolentedoloredoppio movimentoestintoincalzandolacrimosolocolungalusingandomisuraossiapiacevolepiangevolepochettino/poch.rinforzando/rf/rfzseguesmorzando/smorz.teneramentetenerezzatostovolantego straight on immediately without apausesad , mdurnfulgrief,sorrowdoloro
24、so : sorrowfuldouble the speed, twice as fastas soft as possible,extinctgetting quicker, urgingsad , tearfulreturn to the normal pitch(used tocancel an 8va direction )long，lengthylunga pansa: long restin a tender, coaxing mannrmeasurealla misura: in strictly measured timesenza misura: in free timeor
25、, alternatively( often used to indicatean easier version of a difficult passage)pleasantsad , plaintiverather little, very little indeedreinforcing, emphasizingfollow., go straight ondying away in tone and speedtenderlytendernessquick , rapid,flying, fast紧接。不停顿地接着演奏下去伤心的，悲痛的悲伤，悲哀悲痛的快一倍，加倍快尽可能地弱，熄灭渐快并渐强悲伤的，哭泣的回复原来音高(用以取消 8va指示)长的.漫长的长休止温柔的，妩媚的节拍严守节拍自由节拍或，另外的方法(通常指另一个较容易的演奏法)愉快的伤心的，悲痛的确实很少加强，强调紧接，继续下去音量和速度都逐渐消失温柔地温柔快的，迅速的飞快的五级：(二)德文音乐术语
