1、IELTS 阅读分类词汇=阅读分类词汇=心理theorem 原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology 方法论 (method)physiology 生理学 (physiological)psychiatry 精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation 相互关系 correlation coefficientsensation 感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensationalperception 感知，认知intuition 知觉 (intuitive)ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Per
2、ception)motivate 激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive 激励因素stimulus 刺激 stimulate, stimulationdisorder 紊乱，失调dysfunction 机能障碍 dys(=dis) + functiondissonance 不和谐，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness)depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)
3、 depressedv.s. repression (压抑)insomnia 失眠phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy 过敏(症) ，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing.propensity Most boys have a propensity
4、of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂)workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram ( 心电图)assertive 武断的 ( assert)therapy 治疗法 group therapyhypnotism 催眠术 ( hypnotize
5、)prescribe 开药方 v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribe prescription: drugsantidepressant 抗抑郁药tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil)side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的 ( immunity)rehabilitation 复原，康复relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌 v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty 青春发动期adolescence 青春期 (the time of
6、 life between puberty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective 情感的 ( affection)sane 神智健全的 insanesuperstition 迷信 superstitioustelepathy 传心术，通灵术 tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistryapathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) + pathypathology 病理学，病理，病变delusion 迷惑，欺瞒 v.s. illu
7、siondisorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation) disorientedpervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者 perversionintrospection 内省 v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省 )sublimation 纯化，升华 sublimepersonality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 属性 ( attributable)trait
8、 特征，品质 national traits 国民性 vs. traitor=阅读分类词汇=科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile (人) 多才多艺的，(物) 通用的 versatilityalchemy 炼金术transmute 变形，变质 transmute silver into gold (!)arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE)
9、 calcium, uranium, radium ,copper, brass, bronzeelectrode 电极distill 蒸馏 distilled waterquartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物质inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)combustion 燃烧 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate 隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductorfiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤
10、维光学)optics 光学 ( optical)retina 视网膜iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的 v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary 二进制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer 缓冲区 buffer storagebrowser 浏览器 ( IE, Netscape)hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作 en
11、 + vis(see) + age be envisaged as momentous (极为) 重要的 v.s. momentaryreticular 网状的Ethernet 以太网domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographr
12、obot 机器人(“肉包它”) roboticsartificial 人造的，做作的 artificial satellite/smilecone 圆锥体，锥形物 the nose cone of a missileJupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的 ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal 向心(力) 的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof)infrastru
13、cture 基础设施 superstructuresewage 污水，下水道hydraulic 水力的，水压的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通风thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的)polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric 几何( 学) 的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry
14、 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symmetryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateralparadoxical “似非而是 ”的 paradox (悖论)empirical 经验的 empirical law/formulaclockwise 顺时针的 ( anticlockwise=阅读分类词汇=教育accommodation (膳宿) 供应= room and boardlodging 寄宿(处)lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. renttenant 房客，佃户lan
15、dlord 房东 landlady(f) Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework (另) = reciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelreal estate 房地产vicinity = neighborhoodflat
16、 平的，瘪的 flat tire 公寓(= apartment) condo, studiobond = depositlinen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteencater 满足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: airbadminton 羽毛球(运动)baseball 棒球 baseball batsquash 壁球(运动)amateur professionalgathering 聚会 v.s. mee
17、ting, reunionexcursion 远足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth 共和国，联邦 Commonwealth: 英联邦tertiary 第三的 After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary secondary tertiarypost-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, p
18、ost-sale, postwarilliterate 文盲 不识字的 il(no) + literate(words) illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 学科，纪律 v.s. subjectterminology 术语faculty department and staff of a college/universitydean (大学) 教务长curriculum 课程 (= course) extracurricular 课外的syllabus 课程提纲calendar 日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulso
19、ry 强制的，必修的 elective (选修的 )examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige 声望，威信 prestigiousesteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude 智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation 录取入学vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocat
20、ional vocational educationTAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation 缩略( 词) abridge (缩短，删节)transferable (学分等) 可转换的scholarship 奖学金= fellowshiptutorial 辅导( 课) tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法 ) demagogue (政治煽动家)lexicography 词典编撰 ( lexicographer)assignm
21、ent 任务，( 课外)作业dissertation 论文 (= thesis)credential 证明，文凭 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友( 男) alumnaeoverestimate 高估 ( underestimatedecipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber 才干=阅读分类词汇=文化homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual, heterosexualmainstream 主
22、流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/sexual discrimination discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 ( insular, island) .microcosm 小天地 micro + co
23、sm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 ( traitor patriotic, patriotismcompatriot 同胞 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate)antipodes A
24、ny two places or regions on diametrically opposite sidesof the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事 (
25、anecdotal)notoriety 恶名 ( notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 Whos George Bushs counterpart in Chinacounterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep)subordinate 下级 下级的 superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略 ) marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking 类比
26、分析punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality)absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)
27、shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and fromwhich the successful person will be chosen (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethic
28、aldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚 chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet
29、)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte=雅思阅读分类词汇=-生物/生理molecule 分子 molecularcell cellularamino amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白质enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化剂chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis)
30、photosyntheticbotany 植物学 ( zoology botanist, botanicalflora 植物群fauna 动物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb herbal: tea herbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation 康乃馨 reincarnationfade 凋谢，褪色organism 机体，组织 organarthropod 节肢动物 v.s. anthropoid ()reptile 爬行动物amphibi
31、an 两栖动物mammal 哺乳动物 ( mamma!)primate 灵长目动物evolution 进化 ( evolve)anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组)genetics 遗传学 ( genetical)helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of hum
32、anitys DNAidentical 同一的 identity ( ID card) clonemutation 突变 gene mutation mutable, immutable, mutantpredator 捕食者 ( preyembryo 胚胎 embryonic (萌芽的)roe 鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱)tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass +
33、hopper, bellhopcricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen 花粉 传粉 pollinate, pollinationhive 蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼虫 v.s. lavapupa 蛹 pupatepenguin 企鹅 v.s. dolphin (海豚)raccoon 浣熊 v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的 v.s. torpedo (鱼雷 )cerebral (大) 脑
34、的hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex 脑皮层migraine 偏头疼 migrantsomatic 躯体的limb 四肢 upper/lower limbanatomy 解剖，剖析paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery 动脉 ( veingland 腺体pancreas 胰hormone 荷尔蒙，激素cholesterol 胆固醇efficacy 功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness=雅思阅读分类词汇=环境问题conservation 保护，保存 ( conserve)v.s
35、. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid 酸 酸的 (alkaliacid raincarbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum 石油 petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) unleaded petrol/gasozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze 渗出 渗出物radiation 辐射 ultravio
36、let(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse 温室 greenhouse effect/gasessolar 太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon 现象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration 恶化 ( deteriorate)extinction 灭绝 ( extinct)species endangered speciesdrought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent 反复发生的 re +
37、(oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate 淹没 “淹掉它”embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)sediment 沉积（物）= depositdelta 三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial 冲积的desertification (v.s. dessert)dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable 归因于 be attributable todef
38、orestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestationlog 原木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation 植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat 栖息地 habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system) ecologyviability viable “vi”: life 养育能力 One tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the
39、ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic 人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism 机理，机制precipitation 陡降，降水 ( precipice) evaporationcirculation 流通，循环tide tidal wave (海啸) ebb earthquaketypho
40、on tornado, hurricanemeteorology 气象( 学)volcano 火山eruption 喷发 ( erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite 花岗岩imminent = impending v.s. eminentCelsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit 华氏的latitude 纬度( 另) longitude, altitudetropical (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier 冰川dump
41、 倾倒，倾销 anti-dumpingcontaminate 弄脏 ( contaminant)recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim 开垦，改造 reclamationcontentious 有争议的 ( contend)Many environmental issues today are highlycontentious.opt 选择(+ for) optionprioritize 优先考虑 ( prior, priority)=雅思分类词汇=医院mental hospital 精神病医院 clinic 诊所 phys
42、ician/internist 内科医生 oculist/eye doctor 眼科医生 surgon 外科医生 dentist 牙医 vet 兽医 shrink 心理医生 symptom 症状 have/catch a cold 感冒 have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a fever 发烧 pneumonia 肺炎 flu 流感 have a cough 咳嗽have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛liver trouble 肝炎 allergy 过敏症twisted/sprained 扭伤
43、的 feel dizzy 头晕feel chilly 觉得发冷 asthma 哮喘diabetics 糖尿病患者 cramps 抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate 呕吐 diarrhea 腹泻vomitive/pukey 恶心的 luggies/phlegm 痰have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通 cholera 霍乱stiff neck 脖子发僵 abscess 脓肿yellow fever 黄热病 hay fever 枯草热pills 药丸 mixture 合剂eyedrops 眼药水 syrup 糖浆pad 药棉块 vitamin 维他命tablet 药片 p
44、enicillin 盘尼西林antibiotic抗生素 ointment 药膏medication 药物 aspirin 阿司匹林bandage 绷带 syringe 注射器stethoscope 听诊器 injection 注射preventive injection 预防针 gauze 纱布cold cure 感冒药 sweating medicine 发汗药febrifuge 退烧药 capsule 胶囊case history 病历 extract 拔牙take ones temperature 量体温 see a doctor 看病send for a doctor 请医生 feel
45、 ones pulse 量脉搏take ones blood pressure 量血压give a prescription 开药方have an operation 动手术 make an appointment 预约=雅思分类词汇=生活咨询make a reservation 预定 confirm a reservation 确认预定cancel ones reservation 取消预定 frist come,frist serve 先到先服务原则layover/stopover 中途停留 timetable 时刻表fare 票价 toll 通行费 saver ticket 优惠票 op
46、en ticket 开放机票one-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票airport tax 机场税 duty-free shop 免税店excess charge 超重 vacant seat 空座 direct/non-stop flight 直达航班 connecting-flight 转机book 预定 destination 目的地frist class 头等仓 business class 商务仓economy class 经济仓 van 中巴shuttle bus 班车 airport limousine 机场大巴berth 铺位（火车上）
47、pullman 卧铺车scenic spot 景点 extra charge/surcharge 附加费fulling-booked 满了 seat arrangement/assignment 定座E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)预计到达时间E.T.D(estimated time of departure)预计起飞时间常用句型Id like to book_?Id like to order_?Waht hour are you open_?waht time do you open/close_? =雅思分类词汇=银行交易1）常用词汇bank book/p
48、ass book 存折 open an account 开户earn interest 赚取利息 savings account 储蓄存款帐户current account 活期存款帐户 check/cheque account 支票帐户deposit account 定期存款帐户 annual interest rate 年利率monthly savings account 按月计息帐户 daily interest account 按天计息帐户instant account 速成户头 service charge 服务费/手续费signature card 签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 order check/cheque 记名支票 rubber check/cheque 空头支票blank check/cheque 空白支票 exchange rate 汇率denomination=face value 面额 four in hundred 四张一百元面额give the money in fi
