1、 万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 239033592011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一) Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Gre
2、ek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consump
3、tion But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter
4、_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one
5、classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15
6、_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to
7、exercise their smiling muscles _18_ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2Arefl
8、ect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 239033593Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DI
9、n brief7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal11AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12Awith Bon Cin Dat13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresse
10、s15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followi
11、ng four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcem
12、ent of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided 万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 23903359classical-music critic.One of the re
13、asons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music
14、director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressi
15、ve variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who repl
16、y that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of t
17、he great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such record
18、ings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music c
19、ritic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they mus
20、t first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有
21、问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 2390335922. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of li
22、ve performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered
23、masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual va
24、gue excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairma
25、n on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent 万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研
26、所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 23903359weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turb
27、ulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as
28、 nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule tha
29、t the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly
30、. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution t
31、hree years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The
32、people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financia
33、l status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 23903359Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAa
34、pproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of th
35、e following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?BCEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media such as television c
36、ommercials and print advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now a
37、pproach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid medi
38、a for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectivel
39、y began 万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 23903359with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round
40、-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happ
41、iness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her arti
42、cle that raising a child can bringAtemporary delightBenjoyment in progressChappiness in retrospectDlasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 thatAcelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention.Cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.D
43、having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folksAare constantly exposed to criticism.Bare largely ignored by the media.Cfail to fulfill their social responsibilities.Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the
44、 message conveyed by celebrity magazines is万学教育万学教育万学教育 海文考研海文考研海文考研 遥遥领先的中国第一考研品牌 钻石卡高级辅导系统全程、全方位、系统化解决考研所有问题，成功率趋近 100% 钻石卡咨询热线：23901813 23903359Asoothing.Bambiguous.Ccompensatory.Dmisleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?AHaving children contributes little to t
45、he glamour of celebrity moms.BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.DWe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45,
46、you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enth
47、usiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. Howeve
