1、001It is my pleasure to preside over the meeting.单句的形成: 主语( 名词, 代词) + 动词 名词: Table, Chair, 代词: Father, He, She HeHe is my father.如何用动词做主语? 1. 把动词先变为名词(动名词, 动词+ing ), 表示已经做过, 有这方面的经验, 如:Study English is fun. 错句Studying English is fun.Work with him is fun. 错句Working with him is fun.Writing this letter
2、 took me a lot of time.2. 不定式短语 做主语( TO + 原形动词)特征: 表示这个动作还没有做的, 是计划当中的. 如:To study abroad is my gold. To be able to speak very good English is my dream.To buy something is one of my plans.To see him is my plan.3. 把不定式短语放到句尾It is my plan to study abroad with a very good friend of mind whose call John
3、.It is fun to learn English with Peter.名词从句( 句子变成名词, 句子前面放一个连词 THAT )He loves me very much is true. 错句He loves me very much. That is true. 或者 That he loves me very much is true.He doesnt agree with me make me angry. 错句That he doesnt agree with me makes me angry.可用虚代词 It 代替:It makes me angry that he
4、doesnt agree with me.002名词从句有三种( 戴 慧 怡 )1. That 2. 用 YES 或 NO 回答所形成的句子( Whether )3. 疑问词:例句( 慧 ): Whether she is beautiful remains to be seen. Whether he will come remains to be seen.Where he will go is still a mystery.When he will come we still not know yet.名词短语:Where to go? When to go?Why did he cr
5、y? Why he cried is something we dont know.Why to cry? 错句Why 无法形成 名词短语表示距离的可以做名词短语: From Beijing to GZ is a long distance.From 1990 to 2003 is a long period of time.动词:1. 完全及物动词, 2.不完全及物动词, 3.完全及物动词,4.不完全及物动词,5.授予动词我 空格 它; 它被我 空格, 如果两边意思都正确 , 就是及物动词Happen ( 不及物动词 ) Love ( 及物动词)Run ( 做跑步时, 是不及物动词, 但是
6、I run a race; The race was run by me. 是及物动词) I run 5 businesses. ( run 是及物动词) 003搞清楚动词也就是英文的 5 大句型.1. 完全及物动词: 加了宾语后意思就很完全了, 无须加其他字 , 最多加一些副词等.I love him. I hit him.I make a chair.2. 不完全及物动词: 加了宾语后意思没有完全.I make him. (使成为.)I made him happy ( 加了补足语后意思才完全)A. 主语+完全及物动词, 后面一定加宾语 ( I love him )B. 如果没有宾语, 那
7、么就是 主语 + BE 动词 + 过去分词的形态He is loved.I was hit. He was hit.3. 完全不物动词.dance -Vi. Intransitive Verb 不及物动词 我跳舞他, 他被我跳舞 He danced, she danced, we danced 这就是完全不物动词不完全物动词句子的 2 种形态:A. 主语+ 完全不及物动词 He danced. Every body danced.B. 在动词前加 BE 动词 , 后面是现在分词的形态 He was dancing. He was danced. 错句He is dancing. He ran.
8、He was running.4. 不完全不及物动词Become 变成我成为了医生 I become a doctor . 但不能说医生被我变成He become. 这句话意思不完全, 不能单独存在He became a good boy. 加了补足语意思就完全了. (主语的补足语)Is ; was ; were; are 这些都是不完全不及物动词 . 意思都不完全, 一定要加补足语. 后面加形容词是, 是动词不用翻译.The box is bulky. 这个箱子很大.Be 动词还可以翻译成: 在. 正在Where is Peter?They are there. He is dancing
9、I am runningGet 翻译成获得时 , 它是完全不及物动词 .I get a book; Get 可翻译成 变成, 后面只放生气的字眼 He got angry. He got handsome. 错句5. 授予动词004 Get 后面放过去分词He got hurt.He got killed.She became charming.Turn 变成His face turned pale.The leaves are turning yellow.完全及物动词: 加了宾语意思就完全了.He hit me. I love him. 完全及物动词及物动词出现的形态:1. 主语+ 完全及
10、物动词 + 宾语 I love him. I hit him.2. 主语+ BE 动词+ 宾语(现在分词的形态) I was hitting him. He was hitting me.3. 瞬间动词. 后面不能用现在分词的形态.I am having money. 错句 I am loving him. 错句I am having dinner及物动词后面没有宾语的话, 那么就是 主语+BE 动词+ 过去分词I was hit.He was hit.不完全及物动词: 虽然是及物动词, 但意思不完全.I made him.I have him do the work.叫 ( make; ha
11、ve ) 后面 原形动词做宾语补足语:I made him wash the car. 正确 I made him to wash the car. 错句I had him wash the car. 正确 I had him to wash the car. 错句I made him sing a song. 正确 I made him to sing a song. 错句I bade him wash the car. 或 I bade him to wash the car.I will get him to sing a song. I got him to sing a song.让
12、 ( let ) 后面 原形动词做宾语补足语 :I let him sing a song.In that case, I have a house to let. I have a house for rent.The rain let up. I need some body to come to save me. I am already drowned.Save 也可以做介词.Every body can do the job save Jane. ( Save = 除了)强迫 ( force; cause ) + 宾语 + 不定式短语I will force him to do it
13、.I will push him to do it.That story cause ( made ) me to cry. That guy has a good command of English.005授予动词I gave him a car.( him 是间接宾语；CAR 东西是直接宾语)I told him a story. I bought him book. I lent him some money.I ask him a question.I will give you this watch.I gave a book to him.I taught English to
14、him.I bought a book for him.For I like him very much.He is a good student -I like him very much.He is a good student He studies hard every day.He is a good student, so I like him very much. ( and, because)011单句变复句, 连词连接Because he is a good student, I like him very much. ( 不用 so 在后半句)Since you are he
15、re, I can tell you the truth.I like him very much because he is a good student. ( because 前面不要有,逗号)不要同时用 though, although , but ,在一句中只有一个连词Though he is nice, I dont like him.Although he is nice, yet I dont like him.012并列连词. 副词连词And , or, butJohn and I enjoy singing.Are you right or wrong?I enjoy wor
16、king in BJ and DL.He failed because he was lazy and selfish.He is not handsome but ugly.013She is kind and beautiful.Is she kind or mean? ( stingy )But 的用法He is nice, but I dont like him.He is not kind but mean. ( 他心肠不好而是很小气)Peter as well as I is found of music. (动词跟第一个主语)Peter rather than I is foun
17、d of music. (动词跟第一个主语 )Peter, not I, is found of music. ( not= rather than 前面要用,逗号)He is ugly rather than handsome.He is ugly, not handsome. ( not= rather than 前面要用,逗号)014也有连词连接主语时, 动词跟最近的主语做变化: Notbut Not only. but also ; Either.or. ; Neithernor.Not he but I am wrong.Not only he but also I am wrong
18、.Either I or he is wrong.Neither you nor he is wrong.连接副词Because of me he studies very hard.I like John because he often helps the poor.015副词连词While ，when , once,While I was in BeiJing, I had a good time.这两个 I 都是一样的, 我们把它改为分词短语: While being in BeiJing, I had good time. ( is , are, was, were 的动词原形都是
19、being, 然后这个 being 也省略掉)WhenWhen I am unhappy, I dont feel like talking.( like 后面一定要放动名词, 不能说 I dont feel like to talk.) 改为分词短语:When being unhappy, I dont feel like talking. (being 也省略掉)016副词连词: When While once if though although When When I am rich, I will buy a car. 改为分词短语:When rich, I will buy a c
20、ar.When I have money, I will buy a car. 改为分词短语:When having money, I will buy a car.When seeing him, I felt happy.IfIf I am rich, I will buy a car.改为分词短语:If rich, I will buy a car.If I am tired, I will take a rest.改为分词短语:If tired, I will take a rest.If I have money, I will buy a car.改为分词短语:If having
21、money, I will buy a car. X 错误If 从句一般动词要保留:If I have money, I will buy a car. 连接性副词( 跟 连接副词 不一样)连接副词- 副词连词 ( when because if )连接性副词-有连接的味道, 但不能作为连接词, 它无法连接两句, 只能当副词用 ( therefore however )Therefore = SoHe is nice, so I like him.He is nice, therefore I like him. X 错误He is nice; therefore, I like him. 正
22、确He is nice, thus I like him.He is nice, but I dont like him.He is nice; however, I dont like him.He is nice, I, however, dont like him.He is nice. However, I dont like him.关系代词He is a student, he studies hard. 错句这两个句子在一起没有连词, 我们可以用分词或连词来纠正这句017-018He is a student; he studies hard. 或 He is a student
23、, and he studies hard.He is a student who studies hard. ( 他是个用功的学生) 用关系代词连接( who studies hard. 这是一句形容词从句)He is a teacher, I respect him. 错句 ( He 和 I 都是主语没有连词或关系代词 )应改为:He is a teacher whom I respect. 关系代词使用归纳:1. 关系代词前面一定要有先行词(被代替的名词) 2. 关系代词所引导的形容词从句中,必须当主语或是宾语.3. 否则关系代词前一定有介词.019He is a student who
24、 studies hard. ( who 是主语主格)He is a teacher whom I respect. ( 1. Whom 之前有先行词 a teacher, 2. Whom 当主语或宾语)He is a man whom I enjoy working. 错句 (whom 既无法做 主语 也 无法做 宾语 )应改为: He is a man whom I enjoy working with. He is a man whom I enjoy working for.假如 whom 前面有逗号, whom 都不能省略掉He is a nice man, with whom I
25、enjoy working.He is a nice man, whom I enjoy working with. 020关系代次前有逗号-非限定修饰 (,前面的名词有特殊性, 大家都知晓的人物或事物, 后面的形容词从句不需要限定, 要不要它都无所谓 如: 爸爸, 妈妈)无逗号- 限定修饰He is my father, he is a nice to me. 错句 ( 无连词连接 ; 无标点符号连接)应改为:He is my father, who is nice to me. 关系代词是否有逗号， 非常重要有逗号-非限定修饰, 表示逗号前面的名词有代表性, 特殊性. 或是专有名词.Thi
26、s is my father, he is kind to me. 错句He is my father, who is very kind to me.He is my father who is very kind to me. 错句 ( 没有逗号)这是那个对我很好的爸爸( 那个对我很坏的爸爸没有来)Here comes Marry, who is nice to me. ( 一定要有逗号)He is a student who studies hard. ( 不需要逗号, 特殊性不够 )He is a boy who is very handsome and kind. (不需要逗号, 特
27、殊性不够)021Which 的用法 : (三原则: 1. 必须有先行词 2. 引导的从句中做主语或宾语 3. 关系代词前一定有介词 This is a book which I enjoy reading. This is a good book, I bought it yesterday. 错句应改为: This is a good book, which I bought it yesterday.That ( 可以代替 who, whom, which , 但是 That 前面不可以有逗号 , 不可以有介词)This is a book (which) that I enjoy rea
28、ding. He is a man that ( whom ) we always respect.He is a man that (whom) never lies.022That 关系代词的用法 .1. 被修饰的名词是最高级的形容词2. 有形容词从句时3. 在序数词后头.4. 疑问句He is the best student whom I have taught. 错句He is the best student that I have taught.Shes the most beautiful girl that I never seen. ( 最高级形容词 )This is th
29、e first thing that I will do. (序数词后用 that )Who is the boy that is talking to Marry ? (疑问句)What is the thing that he is using ? ( 疑问句)023插入语: I think I believe; He is person who I think never lies. (不能用 whom, 它是受格, 要用主格)他是一个我认为从不说谎的人 He is a man I think who never lies. 錯句He is a man whom I think we s
30、hould all respect. He is a man who is nice.He is a man who I think is nice.I think him to be nice. ( 不能用 is nice)He is a man whom I think to be nice. ( 不能用 is nice)024关系代词所有格例如: My car His girl friend This is Mr Wang, his daughter is my girl friend. 错句 ( 中间无连词)This is Mr Wang whose daughter is my gi
31、rl friend.This is Mr Wang, Whose daughter I love.025关系代词使用归纳:1.关系代词前面一定要有先行词(被代替的名词) 2.关系代词所引导的形容词从句中,必须当主语或是宾语.3.否则关系代词前一定有介词.This is Mr Wang, his daughter I am very familiar. 错句This is Mr Wang with whose daughter I am familiar. This is Mr Wang whose daughter I am familiar with.I just bought a book
32、, its content is quite interesting. 错句正确: I just bought a book whose content is quite interesting.( Whose 即可以代表人, 也可代表物品)I just bought a book, its content is interesting. 错句I just bought a book, the content of which is interesting.I just bought a book of which the content is interesting.026关系副词: Whe
33、re; When; Why; How;I was born in Nanjing, Which I met Marry. 错句I was born in Nanjing, (in which 改为) where I met Marry. I went to the station, (at which) where I met Zhang.I went to a top of hill, (on which) where I met Peter.I was born on 24th of May, 1948, (on which) when it was raining. 027 日子 用 o
34、n which 时间 用 at which 年月用 in which 原因 用 for which 以上都可改为 When I was born in NanJing , (in which ) when it was getting warmer. I was born in NJ where I married with XiaoLi.I was born on 23rd May, 1948, when (on which) it was raining.He came on ten oclock, (at which) when it was raining. I know the re
35、ason ( in which ) why he resigned. I know why he resigned.How 的用法I dont like the way (in which) he talks. ( how 省略)028准关系代词 : Than As ButMarry is more beautiful than Jane.当 Than 做宾语时:I have more money than you have. 错句I have more money than you do. ( Than = than; than the ; money ; which )I have mor
36、e money than do you.当 Than 做主语时:I have more money than is needed. I have more money than needed.029Than = than=than the friendsJohn is a very amiable person. More friends then had been (were) invited came. More friends then the friends who have been invited came.As 当宾语时 ( Suchas.)I have such a car a
37、s you do.= I have such a car as the car which you do. I choked on my saliva. 我被口水呛了。030As 当主语时I dont like such a people as lie. I dont like such a person as lies.But 的用法There is no + 名词 , but 作为 准关系代词 使用, 取代 who not ; whichnot.There is no one doesnt like him.There is no one but likes him. 没有人不喜欢他The
38、re is no music which I am not fond of. 没有什么音乐我不喜欢的There is no music but I am fond of.031非谓语动词规则1. 不定式短语= TO+ 原形动词 ( 计划, 理想, 未实现的都用 TO)2. 分词( 名词+ING ; 名词+ED 的现代分词 或 过去分词)3. 动名词 Study abroad is my dream. 错句To study abroad is my dream. ( 未做的事情要用不定式短语 TO)主语To marry with her is my gold.名词做主语I want to go
39、to see the movie.I want to marry him.I hope to I expect to I aspire to see him.There always exceptions to every rule.Anticipate 期望 ( 这个词 不能用不定式短语 TO., 要用动名词)I anticipate going to the movie tonight.I anticipate in seeing him. 032I am glad to meet you on the air.On the air ( 在空中) In the air(在空气中)形容词性的
40、不定式用法: TO 前面被修饰的名词, 同时要做不定式动词的宾语. 否则要做介词的宾语.I have something to do. 作为 do 的宾语I have lot of clothes to wash.I have lot of things to write.He gave me something to remember him. (错句)无法做宾语 宾语He gave me something to remember him by. ( I can remember him by something. ) Please give me a pen to write somet
41、hing. (错句)Please give me a pen to write something with. ( 做介词的宾语)I have no place to go. (错句 )I have no place to go to. I have no place to live in. 不定式可做副词使用I sang to please her. (修饰前面的动词 sing)033I came here to see her. ( 不定式短语 TO 前面不能有逗号)To please her, I sang a song.但放在句首前, 要用逗号.原形不定式的用法-前面没有 TO, 直接
42、放原形动词知觉动词( 听, 看, 感觉) -用原形不定式 (不完全及物动词)See; look at ; notice; behold; watch ; hear; listen to; listen up; feel 1. 强调已经发生的动作,用原形I saw him open the door.I heard him sing a song this afternoon.2. 强调正在发生的事. 用现在分词When I open the door I saw Peter kissing Marry.I feel her touching my hands.3. 强调被动的概念, 用过去分词
43、.I saw Peter punished by the teacher.034实意动词叫( Make)I made him washed the car; He was made to wash the car.I had him washed the car. I bid him (to) washed (wash) the car. He was bidden to wash the car.I will get him to wash the car. ( get 一定要加 to ) 把( Have Get )I had ( get ) my car washed.I had ( ge
44、t ) my hair cut.Help ( 可以 + to 或 省略)Help me ( to ) do the work.Help me ( to ) write the letter. Assist in 帮助He assist me in writing the letter.He assist me in doing the work.035原形不定式的特殊结构1. Do nothing but +原形不定式 ( To 永远省略掉)He does nothing but play around all day.He did nothing but play around all da
45、y.2. 意愿动词 nothing but + To ( To 一定不能省略掉)Choose; Expect; DesireHe chose nothing but to study English. He chooses to leave; I choose to leave too.I expect to go.I expect nothing but to study abroad.I desire to go.I desire nothing but to listen to music.I desire nothing but to marry you.You have no cho
46、ice (option) but to apologize to her.You have no alternative but to apologize to her.3. Cannot but + 原形不定式(忍不住; 不得不 )Whenever I hear the joke, I cannot but laugh. (cannot 不能分开, 否则错;could not 分开)I cannot help him, because I am myself in busy now.Cannot +动名词= 抗拒= ResistI cannot help laughing = I canno
47、t resist laughing = I cannot but laugh036分词 动名词Well, that lesson is very interested. ( 错句).I am very interesting in English. ( 错句) 分词搞错(令人有趣的)I am very interested in English.I have been studying Chinese for a long time. 重点: 1. 如果当形容词用时,也就是现在分词, 翻译成: 令人 的2. 如果翻译成: 感到.的, 我们用过去分词I was quite excited abo
48、ut the news. 用过去分词That lesson is very interesting. 现在分词另外: 两句都对The baby is tiring.The baby is tired.That trip is very tiring.The student asked a confusing question. 现在分词 ( 令人迷惑的)I am confused. 过去分词( 感到迷惑的)重点:正在的; 即将. 的 用现在分词过去的; 已经 的 用过去分词The retired teacher came to see me yesterday.( 已经退休的)The reti
49、ring teacher came to see me yesterday. (即将退休的)My aged parents came to see me. ( 年龄已高的)My ageing parents came to see me. ( 日渐衰老的)037形容词不能随便用Does studying student is a good friend of mine. The going student.The killing student.The charming girl is my girl friend.The retiring ( retired ) teacher. 动词当补充语的用法:1. 及物动词当宾语补足语时, 有以下变化.a. 用现在分词时, 后面要有宾语b. 动词后面没有宾语时 , 一定是过去分词I found him killed. ( 及物动词, 后面无宾语, 所以用过去分词)I found him killing a girl. ( 后面有宾语 girl, 用现在分词)I found him ki
