1、Unit 1realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thoughtThe king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. 影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。The movie has brought children to a realm of imaginatio
2、n.Collocations:public realm 公众领域He always projects an image of success in public realm.他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。within the realms of possibility 有可能的It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。interact: vi.if people or things interact with each other, they affect each otherLucy interacts we
3、ll with other children in the class.所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。All things are interrelated and interact with each other.transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it Increased population has transformed the landscape.这部戏几乎在
4、一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.CF: change, convert unfriendlySenator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people.retreat
5、: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do soPerry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.CF: retire, retreat believing something is importantAll the people present are concerne
6、d with childrens education.很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.Collocations:concerned with 关注，关心；与相关concerned about / for 担心，关爱concerned to do sth. 专注于做某事as far as is concerned 就而言ominous: a.making you feel that something
7、 bad is going to happenThe car is making an ominous rattling sound.不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。The ominous black clouds predicted the coming plex:1. a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understandA complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation.
8、 随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增。The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.2. n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purposeThey live in a three-story apartment complex.CF
9、: complex, complicated, sophisticated not naturally produced; artificialAmong the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic.我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。 We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.glitter: vi.shine brightly w
10、ith flashing points of lightThe river glittered in the sunlight.晨露在阳光下闪烁。The morning dews glitter in the sun.CF: flash, gleam go through a series of related events again and againHe cycles to work everyday.水通过机器循环再利用。 The water is cycled through the machine and reused.Collocations:break the cycle 打破
11、循环cycling tour 骑车环游cycle lane / path / route 自行车道life cycle 生命周期as yet: until nowThe meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date.我们到现在还没有科林的消息。Weve had no word from Colin as yet.theme: n. the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etcThe books theme is the conflict between lo
12、ve and duty.林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。Most of Lynchs pictures were variations on the same theme.CF: issue, theme seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.)He threatened to take them to court.这一事件将有损他的声誉。The incident threatens to ruin his reputation.apt: a. 1) exactly suitable“Love at first sight” is a very
13、 apt description of how he felt when he saw her.惩罚应当与罪行相适应。The punishment should be apt for the crime.2) having a natural tendency to do somethingSome of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.Unit3look into:examine the meaning or causes of; investigate委员会收到了投诉，正在调查。The committee have received
14、the complaint, and theyre looking into it.The police looked into his business dealings and found something suspicious.in a way: to some extentI like the new style, in a way. In a way we all tend to remember the good times and forget the bad.Match the English expression with its corresponding Chinese
15、 translation.by way of 通过，经由on ones way 在来、去或旅行的过程中go out of the way 不怕麻烦地in the way 挡道地out of the way 不挡道interface: n. 1. a surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions, bodies, substances, or phases人机界面 the man-machine interface2. a point at which independent systems or diverse group
16、s interactJack Kroll said: “Much of the reality is to be found in the interface between crime and politics.”the interface between technology and designNB: interface常与between连用。consume: vt.1. use up (time, money, goods, etc.)2. destroy3. often pass. absorb, engross Directions: Match the above definit
17、ions with the sentences below. The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. ( 2 )Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committees valuable time.( 1 )She was consumed with guilt. ( 3 )The car consumes a lot of fuel. ( 1 )NB: 该词的名词形式为consumption。remain: v.1. continue to be (in a unchanged stat
18、e)He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life.The situation remains unchanged.2. stay or be left behind after others have gone, been lost, etc.Little of the original architecture remains.The only remaining question is whether or not we can raise the money.CF: continue, last likewise you need a s
19、ense of humor. 4. I dont like those shoes; besides, it is beginning to rain. 5. They cannot do it, and furthermore, no one else appears to want to do it either. 6. Its too late to go for a walk now;besides, it is beginning to rain. luck: 1. vi. gain success or something desirable by chanceluck into
20、a good apartmentluck out in finding that rare book 凭运气发现那本珍贵的书2. n.1) the chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; fortune碰巧as luck would have itHe reached the food before I did, worse luck!2) success or something good that happens as a result of chance, good fortuneShe won $500 in the lotte
21、ry; some people have all the luck.Im sorry you didnt pass your driving test better luck next time!Collocations:try ones luck 碰碰运气a bit of luck 走运in luck 运气好out of luck 运气不好sheer: a. 1. pure; unmixed with anything else; nothing butHe won by sheer luck.The sheer size of the country causes tremendous c
22、ommunications problems.2. very steep; straight up and downa sheer cliffclose off: separate (something or some people) from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use itWhy was the area closed off to all traffic?封锁我一生 Close off My Lifeopen up: make possible the development of Close exam
23、ination revealed a crack in the vase.They have already made plans to open up the mine.The October Revolution opened up a new epoch in world history.paralyze: vt.1. affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic2. make unable to move or act3. make ineffective; cause to stop workingDirections: Match the
24、 above definitions with the sentences below. He stood paralyzed by fear. ( 2 )After the accident she was paralyzed from the waist down. ( 1 )The electricity failure paralyzed the train service. ( 3 )qualify: v.1. reach a necessary standard, e.g. of knowledge, ability, or performance, or get a qualif
25、icationShe qualified as a doctor this year.Her teaching experience qualifies her admirably for the job.资格赛 a qualifying match2. limit the force or meaning of (something stated); modifyId like to qualify my last statement it was too strong.In “the open door”, “open” is an adjective qualifying “door”.
26、CF: enable, authorize that is sure to happen不可避免的灾难an inevitable disasterIt seems inevitable that theyll lose.2. so frequently seen, heard, etc. that it is familiar and expecteda tourist with his inevitable cameraCF: inevitable, unavoidable not bending or yieldinga rigid support for the tentHer face
27、 was rigid with terror.2. strict; firm; unchangingthe rigid discipline of army life 厉行节约 practice rigid economystiff: a.1. not easily bent, folded, moved, changed in shape, etc2. full of determination3. hard to do; difficultDirections: Match the above definitions with the sentences below. They gave
28、me a very stiff assignment. （ 3 ）The army encountered stiff resistance from rebels in the hills. （ 2 ）Shoes are often stiff when they are new. （ 1 ）CF: inflexible, rigid inflexiblean unbending will to dominate 2. aloof and often antisocial; extremely reservedan unbending attitude 冷漠的态度a stern unbend
29、ing manyielding: a.likely to agree with others or accept their wishesYou shouldnt be yielding all the time.outwardly yielding but inwardly firmhumility: n.humble attitude of mind; modesty I say this in all humility, i.e., without wishing to appear boastful.很谦逊的人 a person of great humilityCollocation
30、s:demonstrate / display humility 显示谦恭in / with humility 谦恭地Unit5publicity: n. public notice or attentionWe have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers.她的新剧作获得广泛宣传。Her new play has attracted a lot of publicity.Collocations:gain/get/receive publicity 取得名气；引人注目seek publicity 追求名气av
31、oid publicity 避免引人注目extensive/wide publicity 广为宣传accompany: vt. go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as somethingWarships will accompany the convoy.He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife.adverse: a. having a negative or harmful effect on somethingSo far the drug is t
32、hought not to have any adverse effects.他的健康因气候影响而严重受损。His health was adversely affected by the climate.CF: adverse, opposite full of ironyIt is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them.发生这样的事情颇有讽刺意味。This is a very ironic(al) thing to happen.NB:iron
33、ic 是 irony 的形容词形式，也可写为 ironical，其副词形式为 ironically, 意说反话地, 讽刺地。style: n. a way of doing something, especially one which is typical of a person, group of people, place or periodHis office is very special in style, with no decoration.典型的英国生活方式 a typically British style of livingPatterns:the latest styl
34、e 最新款式in style 华丽地，时髦地lack style 缺乏风度portrait: n. a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of peopleShes commissioned an artist to paint her portrait/paint a portrait of her.She had her portrait painted.Collocations:make/paint a portrait 画肖像pose/sit for ones po
35、rtrait 摆好姿势让人画像a family portrait 全家画像a full-length portrait 全身像turn away: refuse to give ones sympathy, help, or support toThe civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.你怎么能对一个受虐待的孩子不闻不问呢？How can you turn away from the child that is be
36、ing cruelly treated?momentary: a. lasting for a very short timeThere was a momentary pause.瞬间的迟疑 a momentary hesitationfortune: n. 1) a large amount of money, goods, property, etc.She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.She pursued her fortune in another country.2) chance and the way it affects
37、 your lifeThe familys fortunes changed overnight.我们相信命运之神是会眷顾我们的。We believe that Fortune is on our side.CF: fortune, fate make clearThese figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country.她示范最有效的自卫方法。She demonstrated how best to defend oneself.CF: demonstrate, show & di
38、splay 这些动词均含“显示、显露、展现”之意。demonstrate指明显地表露感情。也指用实例、实验推理等手段表演证明，或论证某一问题。show最普通用词，泛指任何有意或无意地把东西给别人看的行为。display多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便让人发现其优点，侧重有意识地显示。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1.I must show you this new book Ive just bought. 2.Family were displayed p
39、hotographs on the wall. 3.Research has demonstrated that babies can recognize their mothers voice very soon after birth. 4.Its the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. 5.These demonstrate problems the importance of strategic planning. 6.These show photographs the effects of the
40、chemical on the trees. celebrity: n. someone who is famousShe has tried every means to be a celebrity.谁是伦敦最出名的知名人物?Whos the most well-known celebrity in London?Collocations:social celebrities 社会名流gain celebrity 成名hang on: keep hold of sth.Hang on tight its going to be a very bumpy（颠簸的）ride.For the w
41、hole afternoon my little brother hung on to me.Patterns:hang around 在闲荡hang over 把挂在上for dear life: with the greatest possible effort, especially in order to avoid harmAs the ship began to tilt, we clung on for dear life.当看到老虎时，我绝望地逃命。I ran for dear life when I saw the tiger.Unit7strip: v. remove al
42、l excess detail fromHis book aims to strip away the lies surrounding the life and death of Robert Kennedy.Collocations:strip down to sth. 精炼，简化至The climbers were stripped down to their basic outfit in order to ensure a perfect performance.strip sb. of sth. 剥夺The court found him guilty, and he was st
43、ripped of his rank.strip sth. off sth. 脱掉，剥掉The soldiers stripped off their clothes and jumped into the lake to save the drowning child.CF: strip, divest, denude & bare 这些动词表示脱去某人或某物的衣物，外皮或使某人或某物失去财产或特点。strip指常表示有力或突然地剥去或撕去。divest指通常表示指定地剥夺，如职位或其象征。denude指去掉通常或自然的外表。bare暗指揭开外表使暴露于视觉。Directions: Fill
44、 in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. At the end of the ball, all gentlemen had stripped to their shirts.2. Bystanders bared their heads as the funeral procession passed. 3. Construction began only after the site had been denuded of trees.4. All men have certain inh
45、erent rights, of which they cannot by any compact,divest their posterity. bare: a.1. mereIf you ask her about herself, she gives only the barest of details.该提案仅以勉勉强强的多数票通过。The proposal was approached by a bare majority.2. without clothing, covering, protection, or decorationhills bare of vegetationC
46、ollocations:lay bare 揭发，揭露bare-faced 无耻的，公然的a bare possibility 绝无仅有的可能性fight with bare hands 赤手而战simplicity: n.1. absence of affectation or pretenseHer clothes were characterized by their simplicity and good taste.2. the property, condition, or quality of being simple or uncombinedOne of Einsteins g
47、reatness is that he understood the simplicity of the universe.It turns out that. :It happens that. It turned out that Ann was a courageous girl who would not abandon her quest for the truth.他为自己的考试结果担心了好久，结果居然很好。Worried as he was about the test result, it turned out to be satisfactory.Collocations:t
48、urn sth. out制造Our new factory is turning out large quantities of goods.turn sb. out驱逐，使放弃Strong competition turns him out of his job.他因为交不起房租被赶了出来。He was turned out of the house for he couldnt pay the rent.restrict: v. keep within limitsDiscussion at the meeting was restricted to the agenda.在高楼林立的地区
49、，车速限制为每小时 30公里。We are restricted to a speed of 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.在贵国酒的消费是否受法律限制？Is the consumption of alcohol restricted by law in your country?CF: limit, confine & restrict 这些动词均有“限制，限定”之意。limit一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限，一旦超越限度，就会造成不良结果。当然也可指不事先规定，而且自然的或固有的界限。confine强调施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁。restrict指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessar
