1、使役动词的用法及练习英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念 .通常我们说使役动词,指的是 make, have, let这三个动词, 它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号 to的特定用法. 但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些, 用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者 .(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)1 使役动词 have, let, make （常用于复合结构）1.1 have的用法1). have +宾语+省 to不定式：表示主语“要” “使” “让”宾语干某事, 宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词 will, w
2、ould连用,不用于被动结构.The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.I will have him come and help you.2). have+宾语 +现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中, 宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为 “劝说, 鼓励 ”宾语干某事.The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.I have them all talking
3、to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈.3). have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事, 宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构 1）的区别所在.试比较：Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了吗? （自己洗）Have you had your clothes wa
4、shed? 你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）4). have+宾语 +形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补Please have your tickets ready.The Emperor had nothing on.I am sure Ill have him in the argument.1.2let的用法1). let +宾语+省 to不定式：表示主语 “要” “使” “让”宾语干某事, 宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态 .有时也可指一种假设 .let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.Let them stay in the classroom and do their exer
5、cises themselves.Let AB be equal to CD. 假设 AB等于 CD.2). let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补Let me in and let them out.Who let you into the building?3make 的用法1). make +宾语+省 to不定式：表示主语“要” “使” “让”宾语干某事, 宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构 .make后不接现在分词作宾补.The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.The naughty boy was m
6、ade to stand there for an hour.2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.He raised his voice to make himself heard.Can you easily make yourself understood in English?They will make an important plan known to the public soon.3). make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.The news made her happy.He made it clear that he objected to
7、 the proposal.2 “半使役动词”amaze, astonish 等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其 v-ing形式和 v-ed形式作为形容词使用 .但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高, 业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有 “使某人感到 ”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词 let, have, make等区别开来.2.4常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊呀）, astonish（使某人感到惊奇）, bore（使某人感到厌倦）, complic
8、ate（使某人感到复杂） , confuse（使某人感到迷惑）, disappoint （使某人感到失望） , delight（使某人感到高兴）, discourage（使某人感到气馁）,distinguish（使某人感到显著）, excite （使某人感到兴奋）, encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）, exhaust （使某人感到疲倦）, frighten（使某人感到恐惧）, interest （使某人感到有趣）, inspire（使某人感到刺激）, move（使某人感到激动）, please（使某人感到高兴） , puzzle（使某人感到不解） , satisfy（使某人感到满意）, s
9、urprise （使某人感到惊异）, shock（使某人感到震惊）, strike （使某人感到震动） ,tire（使某人感到疲惫）, upset （使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：something + Vt. + somebody如：What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China. The exam result satisfied his parents. The boys behavior upset everybody around.2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容
10、词, 一个加-ing, 一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成如：interest-interesting, interested; astonish-astonishing, astonished; please-pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy-satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.2.4半使役动词的 v-ing和 v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律一般而言,作定语时,v-ing 分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed 分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing 分词形容词指事；v-ed 分
11、词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的 v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如：The film we saw last night was very interesting.We were all interested in the film.The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.3 使役意义状态动词 get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中3.1get
12、 使成为 /变得某种状态或结果（get 的用法跟 have很接近）I cant get the old radio to work. 我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带 to不定式作宾补）Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?The farmer got his planting done before the rain came. 那农民在雨季前完成了种植.He got his wrist broken. 他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）She soon got the children ready for s
13、chool. 她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备 .3.2leave 使保持/处于某种状态Leave your hat and coat in the hall. 把帽子和外套放在大厅里.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened? 你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?Always leave things where you can find them again. 总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.Who left that window open? 谁让窗户开着?Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.
14、别让他在外面雨中等待.Leave somebody / something alone. 不要干涉某人或某事.Leave well alone. 事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了./ 不要画蛇添足.3.3set 使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松set something in order 使某物井然有序set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）Its time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了.The news set
15、me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思 .He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材 .I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May.我决心于五月底前完成那工作.set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼3.4 send 使某人或某物急剧地移动The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground. 地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上.Mind how you go
16、- you nearly sent me flying. 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋.The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.3.5drive 使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望.Youll drive me mad / to my wits end. 你会把我气疯的./ 你会使我穷尽应付的.Hunger drove him to stea
17、l. = He was driven by hunger to steal. 他为饥饿所迫而偷窃.3.6keep 使某人或某物保持某种状态You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来.The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里.If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?Im sorry Ive kept you
18、waiting. 很报歉让你久等了.The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去 .4 使役意义动态动词4.1cause 致使,导致（能接直接宾语, 双宾语,复合宾语）What caused his death? 什么导致了他的死亡?This has caused us much anxiety. 这给我们带来了极大的忧虑 .What caused the plants to die.（=what made them die.）什么使得这些植物枯死.He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he
19、 had them put to death.)他使得这些犯人被处死.4.2force 迫使,强迫 （宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）force ones way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来.force a way in / out / through 冲入/出/过force an entry into a building 强行进入一建筑force the war upon him 强迫某人作战force someone into doing something 强迫某人做某事force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/ 自己努力工
20、作英语中使役动词的用法较复杂,上面仅就常见常用类作一小结,以供大家参考,还有一些类型可能未被总结出来,初中部分一 have let make 为重使役动词练习一 、单项选择 1I have heard both teachers and students _well of him. A to speak B spoken C to have spoken D speak 2They are going to have the serviceman_ an electric fan. A install B to install C to be installed D installed 3Th
21、eyll have you _if you dont pay your taxes.A to be arrested B arrest C arrested D being arrested 4They know her very well. They had seen her _upA grow B grew C was growing D to grow 5Is this fridge_you wish to have _? A the one, it repaired B that, repaired it C the one, repaired D which, repaired 6W
22、hen visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult _. A making understand me B to make myself understood C to make myself understand 7-Good morning, Can I help you? -Id like to have this package _，madamA be weighed B to be weighed C to weigh D weighed 8The speaker raised his voice but st
23、ill could not make himself _. A hear B having heard C hearing D heard 9Jane was made to _the truck for a week as a punishment. A to wash B washing C to be washing D wash 10The missing boys were last seen _near the river. A playing B to be playing C play D playing 11The police were told that some boy
24、s were seen _on the street. A playing B to be playing C play D to playing 12Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard. A to learn B learn C learned D learning 13.Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth _. A filling B filled C to fill D fill14The manager discussed the plan that they
25、 would like to see _the next door. A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 15If you want to buy an expensive camera, we have several models _. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing 16The examiner made us _our identification in order to be admitted to the text cen
26、ter. A showing B show C showed D to show 17We were told to have our reading room _after school. A clean B to clean C cleaning D cleaned 18They made a fire _up the room, as soon as their leader came back. A warm B warmed C to warm D warming 19I often noticed the boy _school alone very soon. A leave B
27、 left C leaving D to notice 20.The peoples government does it best to having the living standard of the people _. A risen B raise C rise D raised 21-Your brother looks tired, Whats wrong with him ? -Well, thats because his boss had him _all day. A works B to work C working D worked 22.Jenny hopes th
28、at Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period. A improved B improving C to improve D improve 23Did you notice the little boy _away? A took the candy and run B taking the candy and run C take the candy and run D when taking and running 24I smell something _in the
29、 kitchen, can I call you back in a minute? A burning B burnt C being burnt D to be burnt二、用所给动词适当形式填空 1 He didnt pass the examI found him _(frustrate) 2 I like my Chinese teacher. He always makes his classes (interest)3. Jim noticed a purse _(lie) on the ground on his way to school. 4. The boy saw a
30、 basket _(hang) in the tree.5. My father usually gets me _(water) the plant. 6. The teacher was angry. He kept the boy _(stand) there. 7. Let the little girl _(sit) down. 8. When the teacher came in I noticed him _(smile). 9. I saw the light _（亮着）and the door _.(关着).10. His mothers bike is broken. S
31、he will have it _(repair). 11.The students are often made _(take) different extra classes after school. 12. He was often heard _(sing) English songs. 三、将下列句子变成动语态 1. I saw him listening to the radio just now. 2. His mother made him clean the room yesterday. 3. Our teacher often makes me laugh in class. 4. I noticed a dog come in.
