1、新木耳的代料栽培（The new fungus cultivation）1 green black fungus cultivation processSelection of raw material, making of bacteria, culture medium allocation, bagging, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, cultivation, ear management, harvesting and storage2 preparation before productionThe bacteria lab must
2、be kept warm and well ventilated. Generally can take the ridge or heating heating, the floor to heat fast, do not smoke, fire safety. Winter production, doors and windows should be sealed with plastic or insulation. Before production, the old bacteria house should be overhauled and cleaned. The shel
3、ves should be firm and secure, with planks to be paved, height and width reasonable, and easy to walk and work.The main equipments for producing strains are sterilization pot, bagging machine and inoculating device. There are two kinds of sterilization pot: atmospheric pressure and high pressure. Th
4、e autoclave is made of brick, iron plate welding and atmospheric steam furnace, etc. the packer shall be equipped with an adjustable vertical bagging machine and a horizontal explosion-proof bag machine. The utility model has an infrared lamp, an alcohol lamp, a bacteria catching rack, a negative io
5、n catch device, an electric wind heater and an ozone sterilizing machine, etc The water source and the power supply should be arranged reasonably, and all the preparations can be made in order to carry out the bacterial bag production.3 production seasonAccording to the local climate conditions, sel
6、ect the appropriate period of production and cultivation of bacteria.In the spring of 3.1 seed production and seed cultivation should be general in October last year the beginning of 12 before the end of production, cultivation of 2 at the end of production at the beginning of December - vertical ye
7、ars, cultivation time for 4 years at the end of July at the beginning of the vertical.In the autumn of 3.2 seed production and cultivation of seed production should be in 2 at the end of April, cultivated production in 4 at the end of June early in the indoor or outdoor natural gas temperature bacte
8、ria, before and after the beginning of autumn cut cultivation, picking end at the beginning of October.The 3.3 season of seed cultivation and seed production in 5 at the end of cultivated production in mid July and early August, with bacteria in the indoor and outdoor temperature control. Mid Septem
9、ber - early October cut concentrated germination, ear cover, plastic straw for the winter, the following year after the thaw of the ear bed management, vertical mid May - early June harvest.4 raw material selection4.1, the main material to no mildew of hard miscellaneous sawdust based, but also in p
10、roportion to the use of green by-products of agricultural products, such as corn cob, orange rod and so on. (1) sawdust. Oak, birch, elm and other broad-leaved wood sawdust are fine raw materials cultivated by Auricularia auricula. They are made of Tussah and birch wood chips. Birch and ash or elm s
11、awdust mixture is better than single tree sawdust, wood sawdust mixed with fine material better crushing effect, pine can not be used alone, but can be mixed with a small proportion (less than 20%). (2) corncob and crop straw are rich in cellulose, protein, fat and minerals, which are suitable for m
12、aking fungus. When used, it needs to be broken into sawdust, but it can not mildew or decay. Adding a certain proportion of corn cob and straw crushed material (20% - 30%) to sawdust can improve the permeability and water holding capacity of the medium, and increase the yield.4.2 accessories accesso
13、ries have fungus plastic bag cultivation of wheat bran, rice bran, sugar, gypsum powder, lime, calcium carbonate and other trace elements, but must be a byproduct of green agricultural products and non-toxic mineral. (1) wheat bran. Wheat bran is the main fungus accessories plastic bag cultivation,
14、used to regulate carbon nitrogen ratio and vitamin. Red skin and coarse bran were used in the production. If wheat flour was used as fine powder, the effect would be better. Bran is fresh as well,Mildew, moth eaten or wet caking of wheat bran is the use of volts. (2) rice bran. With wheat bran, shou
15、ld choose fresh bran chaff, such as the selection should be appropriate to increase the amount of. Wet caking, mildew, and moth eaten rice husks are not suitable. (3) corn flour. Added in the culture material in 2% - 3% corn flour, can increase carbon nutrition, enhance mycelium vigor, improve yield
16、. (4) sucrose. Adding proper amount of sucrose in the mixture is beneficial to the growth of mycelium. (5) gypsum powder. It has the function of providing calcium and stabilizing acidity and alkalinity, and generally uses the gypsum powder. (6) quicklime. Acidity and alkalinity can be adjusted, but
17、also to prevent contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, but not too much.4.3 mushroom bags are usually made of low pressure polyethylene plastic bags. Northern dry climate, large temperature difference between day and night, but also pay attention to the choice of plastic bags. (1) the angle at the
18、 bottom of the bag bag after loading is smooth, easy to put, the bottom is not easy to breathe, suitable for plastic bag cultivation. (2) the thickness of the plastic bag should be uniform, the back cover is good, the toughness is good, and the air tight. (3) adopt the thin plastic bag with good shr
19、inkage for sterilization by autoclave, and choose polypropylene bag or slightly thick polyethylene plastic bag in conformity with GB9688 sanitary regulations. (4) the fine texture of the plastic bags, and can effectively avoid the mycelium affinity, five separation.5 breed selection and Spawn Produc
20、tion5.1 varieties selected to adapt to local climatic conditions, and strong stress resistance, strong resistance to bacteria, mycelium growth robust, ear neat, fast growth, high yield of fine varieties. Identification of high-quality bacteria: look at the appearance. See if the label is consistent
21、with the bacteria, whether the bottle wall breaks or not, and whether the tampon is broken or not. Mycelium. The mycelium is white, short, dense and neat. Look at the ear group. There is no light black ear between the bottle wall and the material, and the base is the best bacteria. If there are a fe
22、w light black ears, the base is a normal strain, for example, the light black ear base is too many, and it is the strain that turns more frequently. Look at the bottom of the bottle. There is no yellow water deposition at the bottom of the bottle. It is a normal strain. It has yellow water depositio
23、n and belongs to aging bacteria. Smell. The normal strains have mushroom flavor, and bad strains have peculiar smell.5.2 strain production, according to the production season, the production of the original seed and cultivated species.5.2.1 mother test tube mother species, a mother seed to expand th
24、e original 6-8 bottles.5.2.2 roots use 480ml 500ml colorless or near colorless glass bottles, 15cm * 28cm, resistant to 126 degrees high temperature, in line with GB9688 sanitary provisions of polypropylene plastic bags.5.2.3 cultivated species use 16.5cm * 33cm polyethylene bags directly out of the
25、 ear. The collar of cotton, cotton plug sealing plastic cover sealing, free collar cotton plug sealing and sealing rod bacteria strains or twisted oxygen sealing can.6 culture of raw materials and preparation, according to local raw material resources and the requirements of the varieties produced,
26、use the appropriate medium formula.Medium 6.1 original medium ingredients using sawdust as sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%, 60% water content (6.57PH value).6.2 kinds of cultivation medium formula 1: hard wood sawdust 86.5%, wheat bran 10%, soybean flour 2%, 1% gypsum, lime 0.5%, wa
27、ter content of 60 - 65%; formula 2: hard wood sawdust 67%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 10%, soybean flour 2%, lime 1%, water content of 60 - 65%.Six3 medium prepared according to the proportion of dry material after mixing, water to 60% water content. When the mixture of wheat bran, gypsum, lime, etc.
28、according to the proportion of soybean meal together, dry mix evenly, then mix together with sawdust, and then mixing with water again and again with a sieve. Mix the material must be piling, moisture, moisture content to 60% - 65% is good, moisture detection method: hand grip training material, han
29、d sewn between water stains and does not drop as well; also available hand training material, feeding a crack for water right training after loosing, fracture more water is low, do not crack as the water is too large.7 disinfection and insect treatment in culture roomClean out the room clutter. Trai
30、ning room walls require smooth walls, lime, a fungus with a dry wood frame, paving frame plate, the indoor temperature reaches 25 degrees Celsius above, heat for 48 hours, after the interior walls and bacteria using chlorine dioxide or spraying over Peracetic Acid Solution, while spraying mushroom p
31、est control net. The indoor form of high temperature and high humidity conditions, and then “bijieshi“ (20 cubic meters / box) or “mushroom“ (5 cubic meters / box closed doors) 24 hours after fumigation, indoor heating to open the door, the tide quickly to the indoor wall and bacteria all dried, gro
32、und sprinkle a layer of lime the moisture-proof and anti bacteria.8 bagging sterilization8.1 bagging bacteria bag specifications choose 16.5cm * 33cm polyethylene bacteria bag, bagging machine bagging, feeding height of about 18cm, single bag weight about 1.1 + 0.1 kg. When charging requirements, co
33、nsistent tightness, smooth surface, no powder, no fold plastic bags. There are many kinds of sealing methods. Before the collar of cotton, cotton plug sealing cover sealing, nearly two years of promotion of free collars and bacteria stick bacteria method, time saving and labor saving, high yield, ea
34、sy separation of five.8.2 sterilization by atmospheric pressure of 100 DEG C for 8 hours at least in 1.21.5kg/cm2 or high pressure under the pressure of 1.5 hours continuous sterilization. When sterilizing, the cold air in the pot must be discharged, and the bacterial bag should not be placed too ti
35、ghtly. After the sterilization, it should be cooled naturally to prevent wet cotton plugs.9 inoculated cultures9.1, cooling inoculation, the bacteria bag into the bacteria room or culture room, cooling to 30 degrees below, began to catch bacteria. According to the technical requirements of strict as
36、eptic operation, in the vaccination room or chamber inoculation, bacteria and inoculation tools, bacteria move with bijieshi disinfection, a bottle (bag) with 40 to 80 bags of seed varieties.9.2 the culture room should be sterilized before use, and the bacteria bags are placed on the shelf verticall
37、y, so we must adhere to the low temperature cultivation bacteria. At the beginning of 25 in the control room temperature to 28 DEG C., to be full of bacteria after the bag fell to the cloth surface, temperature of 24 C approximate constant temperature culture. The relative humidity of the air around
38、 65% light, two times a day for ventilation, 0.5 hours each time, cultured for 3 days to 7 days to check the bacteria and bacteria or bacterial infection, bacteria bag timely treatment, 30 - 50 days covered with mycelia fungus bag.9.3 finished bacterial bag management, finished product bacteria bag
39、should be released in time, placed at 0 4 degrees Celsius indoor storage.10 out of ear managementThe outer space is clean, the terrain is flat, the light is suitable, the ventilation is good, the water is abundant, clean and pollution-free.10.1, the whole bed to do the plot, generally on the ground
40、as good as the ridge, high 10cm, width 1.5 - 1.8m is appropriate,Length is not limited, leave 60cm operation lane. Sprinkle water before placing bags, spray herbicides, pesticides, and sprinkle lime for weeding, insect removal and disinfection. Bacteria bags should be paved with plastic, straw or le
41、aves to prevent sediment pollution.Start 10.2 bags of spring ear border rejuvenation cultivation ground thaws, the temperature rise will be transported to the site of the mushroom bag, bag duo warming rejuvenation mycelium duo double line 4 layer and cover straw and plastic rejuvenation for more tha
42、n 4 days, the white fungus bag to harden after cut or puncture.10.3 strokes and punctures10.3.1 shapes and quantities are currently drawn in the shape of “V“, “/“ and “barbed holes“, of which the “V“ type is the most common. It is worth to popularize the black fungus produced by pricking small hole,
43、 which is monolithic and without root. Specifications 16.5cm * 33cm of bacteria bags, generally can be divided into three or four layers, each layer of 4-6, the “product“ font distribution, the number of 12-24 mouth. Usually, the size of the mouth is small, the mouth is small, the mouth size should
44、be large (but not more than 2cm); the bag is big and the mouth is small, and the bag is small and the mouth is small. The opening length of 12 ports of each bag is 1.5 - 2cm, and the opening length of 24 mouth of each bag is 1 - 1.5cm. For small holes, the hole diameter is between 0.6 - 0.4 cm, and
45、80-120 holes per bag are appropriate.We should pay attention to 10.3.2 positioning cut cut: no mycelium site plan, five serious separation not row, not thin hyphae row, ear base too much at the marked. The marking position should not be too close to the bottom and upper part, especially when the “V“
46、 mouth is 3cm above the bag mouth or the bottom of the bag.10.3.3 depth is 0.5 to 0.8cm. If the mouth is too deep, the ear is slow and the mouth is too shallow, the flower is small and easy to drop.10.4 germination management by using indoor and outdoor greenhouses or concentrated germination. Indoo
47、r germination, temperature controlled at 20 DEG C, prevent heat; increase the humidity to the ground with a sprinkler or electric cooker, humidifier. Outdoor germination, pay attention to moisture temperature and humidity control, humidity is above 85%, lack of available sprayer to spray water on ba
48、cteria. Cut or puncture Houxian planting, to show after fungus planting, furrow is on water, the mushroom bag after opening at 2 3cm spacing placed, cover plastic and straw moisture stimulate primordium formation. After two days, every morning to lift the 20 - 30 minute ventilation Caolian plastic c
49、over tightly, so the management of 10 - 20 days to form a serrated primordium. This stage to “moisture based, ventilation supplemented, wet long dry short“ principle for management.10.5 and when the bag moving bed after primordium formation, should be promptly removed plastic oxygen in the original mushroom bag to enlarge from the border, to cover 4cm, Caolian hydrating management, and day and night lift Caolian ventilation. At this point, do not rush the bed, because when the bed wind, low temperature, moisture difficult, affecting the growth of Auricularia auricula. When the ear slices d
