1、Lead-in,Abacus,Look at these pictures. What are the inter-relationships of them?,An ancient calculating tool of China which has thousands years history.,Computer,Computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or s
2、equence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer or different programs may be provided to th
3、e computer. Todays computers have both kinds of programming.,PC,Laptop,Internet,Artificial Intelligence,Whats next?,In pairs discuss the future of the computer?,Unit 3 Computers,Learning Goals,Knowledge Goals,Topics,1. History and basic knowledge about computer; 2. The definition of information tech
4、nology; 3. Information about robots.,Words and Expressions,Listen to the tape and read after it.,Words: calculate, universal, simplify, sum, operator, logical, technology, technological, revolution, artificial, intelligence, intelligent, solve, reality, personal, personally, tube, total, totally, ne
5、twork, web, application, finance, mobile, rocket, explore, anyhow, goal, happiness, download, virus, signal, type, coach,arise, electronic, appearance, character, mop, niece,Expressions: from on as a result so that human race in a way with the help of deal with watch over,Functional Items,1. Making
6、decisions 2. Giving reasons,Grammar,现在完成时的被动语态的结构和用法。,Ability Goals,1. Enable the students to realize the development of the computer; 2. Enable the students to know the right usage of internet; 3. Enable the students to reason and make decision.,Emotion Goals,1. How to use the internet correctly ?
7、2. Surfing on the internet in order to find information you need. 3. Thinking about the future of the Computer. Will it be very large or small?,Important and Difficult Points,Important Points,1. Understanding the history of the computer and its broad application. 2. Able to tell an event according t
8、o the time. 3. Have the ability to express own ideas and tell the reasons of your point.,Difficult Points,1. the understanding of the technological items; 2. Master the phrases which are related with time; 3. Have the ability to express own ideas and tell the reasons of your point.,Warming-up,There
9、are more and more robots appeared in the films, flashes, cartons and so on. And science fictions are always concerned with robots. Can you make a list of any robot characters in the film? Then , discuss with your classmates about its main feature.,My girlfriend is a cyborg,One day, a beautiful cybor
10、g girl appears in front of a dull university student. Even though the cyborg starts to like him, she cant truly feel emotions, so the boy has no choice but to say goodbye to her inhuman power and violence. Missing her, he continues his lonely existence. Some time thereafter, a disastrous earthquake
11、hits Tokyo, and the cyborg girl saves his life. In that moment, she starts to have feelings like a real human being.,I, Robot,I, Robot is a collection of nine English language science fiction short stories by Isaac Asimov, first published by Gnome Press in 1950 in an edition of 5,000 copies. The sto
12、ries originally appeared in the American magazines between 1940 and 1950. It shares a theme of the interaction of humans, robots and morality, and when combined they tell a larger story of Asimovs fictional history of robotics.,The Terminator,The movie is on show in 1984 Post-apocalyptic 2029 Los An
13、geles; an indestructible cyborg Terminator (Schwarzenegger) is sent back from the future to 1984 to eliminate the future unborn son of Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton); Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), a member of the human resistance movement of the future, is also teleported back (by the future John Conno
14、r) to rescue and protect his mother - and father the child.,Brainstorming,Words about computer mouse 鼠标 key 键盘 chip芯片 Internet 英特网 CD-ROM 只读光盘存储器 cursor 光标 desktop computer 台式机 enter 输入(回车) e-mail 电子邮件; 发电子邮件 floppy disk 软盘 hard disk 硬盘 hardware 硬件 software 软件 fax 传真 screen 屏幕 speaker 扬声器 modem 调制解调
15、器(俗称 “猫”) monitor 监视器 printer 打印机 scanner 扫描仪 supercomputer 巨型计算机 microcomputer 微型计算机,minicomputer 小型计算机 network 网络 web 网 website 网址 IP 网络协议 CAI (Computer-Aided Instruction) 计算机辅助教学 CAD (Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计 CPU (centre processing unit) 中央处理器 LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示 PC (personal
16、computer) 个人计算机 RAM (Random Access Memory) 随机存储器 ROM (Read-only Memory) 只读存储器 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网,LCD,mouse,key,mainframe,Pre-reading,1. Can you predict what it is going to be about after looking at the title and those pictures? 2. Making a list about the usage of the computer nowadays.,Usage o
17、f Internet,Reading,Listen to the reading materials of the text.,Listen to the tape and read after it.,Read the passage and find out the development of the computer during all periods. Write them down according to the time line. Recite all the stages of the computers development by your own words.,2.
18、 Read the passage again and complete the chart below.,tubes,communications,finance,3. Read the passage third times and in pairs discuss: in what way the computer changed our way of lives? Suggested points: (1)sending E-mail wherever you are; (2)shopping on line; (3) studying by yourself if you like;
19、 (4) searching information in your command; (5) ,Explanation,1. At that time it was considered a technological revolution and start of my “ artificial intelligence”.那时这被当做是一次技术革命，也是我“ 人工智能的开始”。artificial adv.人工的, 人造的, 人为的; 假的, 虚伪的, 矫揉造作的, 不自然的; 武断的, 随意决定的 artificial flowers 假花 artificial ice 人造冰 art
20、ificial rain 人工降雨 artificial satellite 人造卫星,2. In a way our programmer is like our coach.从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。 in a way adv. 在某种程度上；就某个意义来说。 In a way, internet brings us many convenience in our lives.从某种程度而言，网络为我们的生活带来了许多的方便。,The services offered by this hotel is very considerate and in a way she
21、is right.这家宾馆提供的服务很周到，从某种程度而言，她是正确的。3. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using intelligence is what Im all about!不管怎么样，在我过目不忘的电子大脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。,after all adv. 尽管；到底；究竟；毕竟。 So you see, I was right after all. 所以你看，我还是对了吧。 Dont ask her to do so many housew
22、orks, after all she is a child.别让她做那么多家务，毕竟她还是个孩子。 After all that has passed between them.尽管他们之间有过这些事，可是已经过去了。,4. First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.最初是被存储到电子管，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。chip n. 芯片；土豆条，薯条；碎屑，碎片； Honors are but chips to him. 荣誉对他来说是无足轻重的。 Little c
23、hips light great fires. 【谚】星星之火, 可以燎原。,Background1、电子计算机的产生 古代，人类用数手指、摆石头、打草结的方法计数。唐朝末年，中国人发明了算盘。近代，人类开始使用手摇式计算机、机械式计算机等计算工具。随着社会的发展和进步，信息量在不断增加，需要计算和统计的数据越来越多,人们希望有一种能从事复杂计算和控制的工具。,1946年2月14日，美国宾夕法尼亚大学诞生了世界上第一台电子数字计算机“埃尼亚克” （ ENIAC ，Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator 电子数字积分计算机）,它采用穿孔卡输入
24、输出数据，每分钟可以输入125张卡片，输出100张卡片。当时仅仅用于军事和科研工作，解决数学计算问题。,在短短的半个世纪里，计算机技术迅猛发展，计算机不仅可以进行科学计算，还可以处理文字、图像和声音等多种信息。 2、电子计算机的发展 自ENIAC问世以来，计算机发展的4个阶段： （1）第1代电子管计算机（1946 1957年）第1代电子计算机采用电子管作为主要元件，运算速度仅为几千次/秒。第1代电子计算机体积庞大，造价十分昂贵，主要用于军事领域的科学计算。,（2）第2代晶体管计算机（1958 1964年） 第2代电子计算机的主要零部件采用晶体管，运算速度几十万次/秒。与第1代电子计算机相比，晶
25、体管计算机体积小、省电、寿命长、可靠性大幅度提高。 （3）第3代中小规模集成电路计算机（19651970年） 第3代电子计算机的主要零部件采用集成电路，存储容量14兆字节，运算速度几十万次,几百万次/秒。计算机体积进一步减小、可靠性大大提高。这一时期计算机开始应用于各个领域。 （4）第4代大规模、超大规模集成电路计算机（1971年 现在） 第4代电子计算机的主要元件采用大规模、超大规模集成电路，计算机的体积更小，计算速度为几百万次几十万亿次/秒。计算机的发展进入了以计算机网络为特征的时代。,The Jacquard loom, on display at the Museum of Scien
26、ce and Industry in Manchester, England, was one of the first programmable devices.,EDSAC was one of the first computers to implement the stored program (von Neumann) architecture.,an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor,Suppose a computer is being employed to drive a traffic light at an intersection betwee
27、n two streets. The computer has the following three basic instructions.1.ON(Streetname, Color) Turns the light on Streetname with a specified Color on. 2.OFF(Streetname, Color) Turns the light on Streetname with a specified Color off. 3.WAIT(Seconds) Waits a specifed number of seconds. 4.START Start
28、s the program 5.REPEAT Tells the computer to repeat a specified part of the program in a loop.,A traffic light showing red,How does a computer work?,Magnetic core memory was the computer memory of choice throughout the 1960s, until it was replaced by semiconductor memory.,Hard disk drives are common
29、 I/O devices used with computers.,Cray designed many supercomputers that used multiprocessing heavily.,Networking and the Internet,Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. militarys SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a
30、 system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems like Sabre.In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. This effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the compu
31、ter network that it produced was called the ARPANET.The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundar
32、ies of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer. Initiall
33、y these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost u
34、biquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. “Wireless“ networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becomi
35、ng increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments.,Visualization of a portion of the routes on the Internet.,Video about Internet,Language Points,The expressions of reasoning and making decision Making decision 1. I think / dont think that I dont think that there exist any spirits in
36、the world. 2. I believe that I believe that Gods help those who help themselves.,3. Ive decided that Ive decide that I will have my holiday in Paris this summer. 4. Lets decide Lets decide what we should do next。 5. Lets make a decision. Not much time left, lets make a decision.,Reasoning 1. the adv
37、antage/ disadvantage is The advantage of the computer is that it can give us information as much as we need. 2. I agree/ dont agreebecause I agree your point of view because I have seen it two years ago. 3. Give me your reasons. Why are you always late? Give me your reasons.,4. FirstSecond First, yo
38、u should listen to the radio Second, you should rewrite the material 5. What makes you think so? Hot pot is not good for our health. What makes you think so? 6. I thinkbecause (of) I think it is better for us to preview the text before the class, because we can pay more attention to the difficult wo
39、rds in class.,7. As/SinceI think Since I saw the wild animal in the nature park, I think more protections should be given to them. Other Related Expressions (1) for as much as 由于；既然 (2) therefore 所以 (3) in my point of view 我认为 (4) all in all 总而言之 (5) first of all 首先,Learning about Language,Words,1.
40、sum n. 总数, 总和, 金额, 概要, 顶点 the sum of this book 这本书的要点 a good sum 可观的金额 be good at sums 长于算术,The sum of 5 and 4 is 9. 五加四的和是九。 He paid a large sum for the house. 他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。Vt. 总计, 概括To sum up the general point of this article.总结这篇文章的大意。n. 合计 In sum, you shouldnt put all eggs in one basket. 总而言之，你不
41、应该孤注一掷。,2. mobile adj. 运动的, 活动的, 可移动的, 游离的 Can you tell us your mobile phone number? 能告诉我们您的手机号吗？ mobile warfare 运动战 a mobile drama group 巡回剧团易变的, 易感动的; 易变通的 mobile features 富有表情的面貌,3. character n.性质, 特征 be different in character 有着不同的性质性格, 品性, 人格; 名声, 身分, 地位, 资格 a man of character 有个性的人, 有骨气的人 have
42、 an insight into character 有洞察力, 有见识, 有知人之明(小说、戏剧中的)人物, 角色 the characters in Charles Dickens novels 狄更斯小说中的人物 a leading character 主角,习惯用语 by character 根据传闻 gain the character (of) 博得的名声 give sb. a good character of 颂扬某人 have a character for sth. 有名声, 以著称 in the character of 以的资格; 扮演角色 out of charact
43、er 不适合, 和不相称, 不符合 redeem ones character 恢复自己名誉, 补救过失 take away sb. s character 夺去某人的名誉 take on character 有特色,4. appearance n.出现, 出场, 登台 Did you notice the appearance of a new journal in our college today ? 你看到我们学院今天新出版的学报吗? 外观, 容貌; 体面 We mustnt judge by appearances. 我们不可以貌取人。 习惯用语 at first appearanc
44、e 乍看起来 by all appearance (s) 看来, 显然 by appearances 根据外表,in appearance 表面上, 外表上 make a poor appearance 显得很不雅观 appearance, look 和aspect的区别：appearance 和 look 都指“人或物的外表”。appearance 在指人时,往往包括衣着, 如:His appearance is very neat. 他外表很整洁。在指一般事物时, 往往含有外表和实质不一致的概念, 如:Do not judge according to the appearance. 不要
45、从事物的外表来判断。look 指人时, 用复数, 指“相貌”、“容貌”,Never judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。用单数, 指“表情”、“神色”, 如:There was a look of suppressed anger on his face. 他脸上露出一种抑制怒气的表情。look 在指一般事物时,不含有外表和实质不一致的意思, 如:I dont like the look of the affair. 这件事看起来很可疑。aspect也指“外表”, 尤指“面部表情”或“在特定的时间、地点的特点”, 如:In spring the yard has
46、a freshening aspect. 春天, 院子里呈现出一派清新的景象。,Morphology,1. logical logically adj. adv.personal personallytotal totallygeneral generallyusual usuallyfinal finally,2. technology technological n. adj.profession professional tradition traditional nature naturaleducation educationalnation nationalperson perso
47、nal,3. intelligence intelligent n. adj.difference differentconfidence confidentimportance importantexistence existentpresence present,Expressions,1. from on 从 开始 From that time on I gained a new life. 从那时起我获得了新生。 From that time on he seemed to be unconscious of the presence of anyone else. 从这时起，他似乎已
48、经感觉不到周围人的存在。,2. as a result 结果 As a result, daily output has doubled. 结果日产量翻了一番。 As a result, he wins a high praise from the citizens. 最终，他赢得了市民的高度好评。3. so that 所以 So much for that thing. 关于那件事，说到此为止。The box is so big that I cant lift it. 箱子太大我提不起。,4. human race 人类 Cancer is a great enemy of the human race. 癌症是人类大敌。 Human race should protect the environment they lived. 人类应该保护他们所生活的环境。5. in a way 在某种程度上 Jim always behaves in a certain way. 吉姆总是用某种特定的方式行事。 The building is decorated in a classical way. 这栋大楼采用了古典的装饰风格。,
