1、定语从句归纳总结定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词之后。4.引导词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前。 【as 除外】6.引导词的功能：连接先行词和定语从句。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。7.定语从句的类型：限定性定语从句。 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who youre talki
2、ng to is my friend. 由介词+关系代词引导The man to whom youre talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is
3、 from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.非限定性定语从句。 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 由介词+关系代词引导。I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.There is an apple
4、tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book. 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用 whom,指物用 which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either 等词、数词、分数或百分比与 of whom 或 of which连用。He has five children, two of w
5、hom are abroad.(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)除 why 和 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成
6、两个句子。The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略。指人做主语时只能用 who, 做宾语时用 whom;指物做主语，宾语都用 which; 关系副词用 when 或where，也不能省略。The man, _ is sitting on the chair, is my father.The woman, _ I met
7、 yesterday, is my English teacher.The city, _ is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, _ his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday, _ I left, too.引导非限定性定语从句：The house, whose window faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.The house, of which the window
8、faces south, is mine./that 指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?/who/that 指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语。 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? 当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用 whom)。The man (whom
9、/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.注：固定的动词短语如 look for, take care of 等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.: 指人或物，是所有格“的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose 不能省略。 。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of wh
10、ich/ whom+ the =n.I didnt find the desk whose leg was broken.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.The boss in whose company I work is very kind./that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用 which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用 whom，指物用 which)。
