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11眉中 2018 级 5 月月考生物试题一、选择题(每空 2 分,共 52 分):1、下列各组细胞中,肯定都有 Y 染色体的是 A、受精卵和次极精母细胞 B、受精卵和初级卵母细胞C、初级精母细胞和雄猴的神经元 D、精子和雄猴的肠上皮细胞2、某mRNA上的部分碱基序列为ACGUAGU,那么以该片段逆转录合成的DNA分子片段中,含有的胸腺嘧啶有( )A.2 个 B.3 个 C.4 个 D.5 个3、下列关于人类遗传病的叙述,正确的是( )A、一个家族仅一代人中出现过的疾病,不是遗传病B、进行遗传咨询就可以避免遗传病的发生C、先天性疾病不一定是遗传病D、不携带遗传病基因的个体就不会患遗传病4、下列叙述正确的是( )A、生物的一个精子或卵细胞就是一个单倍体B、单倍体植株长势弱小,且一定不育C、秋水仙素诱导染色体加倍的机制是细胞分裂后期不能形成纺锤体,导致分裂的细胞不能进入新的细胞周期D、体细胞中含有三个染色体组的个体也可能是单倍体5、关于蛋白质生物合成的叙述,正确的是( )A.一种氨基酸可以被多种 tRNA 携带,一种 tRNA 只能携带一种氨基酸B.多聚核糖体现象说明,一种 mRNA 可以翻译出多种多肽链C.tRNA 上相邻的三个碱基称为反密码子D.RNA 有三种,只有 2 种参与蛋白质的生物合成6、下列关于某二倍体动物细胞分裂的叙述,正确的有几项 ( )①若正常分裂的细胞中有 2 条 Y 染色体,该细胞一定不是初级精母细胞②若正常细胞分裂后期有 10 条染色体,则该细胞的分裂方式为减数分裂 ③若正常分裂的细胞内基因 A 和 A 正在分别移向细胞两极,则该细胞处于有丝分裂后期 ④ 32P 标记的细胞在 31P 培养液中进行有丝分裂,在第一次分裂后期有一半染色体含有 32P 标记 A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 7、关于图示的生理过程的说法,正确的是( )A.该图所示的生理过程发生在原核生物细胞中B.mRNA 上所含有的密码子均能在 tRNA 上找到相对应的反密码子C.该图表示的是基因的表达过程,需要 DNA 聚合酶的参与D.该图所示的生理过程所需的能量主要由线粒体提供8、抗维生素 D 佝偻病为 X 染色体显性遗传病,短指为常染色体显性遗传病,红绿色盲为 X 染色体隐性遗传病,白化病为常染色体隐性遗传病。下列关于这四种遗传病遗传特征的叙述,不正确的是 ( ) A.短指的发病率男性女性大体相当 B.红绿色盲女性患者的父亲是该病的患者 C 抗维生素 D 佝偻病的发病率男性低于于女性 D.白化病通常会在一个家系的几代人中连续出现9、下列关于遗传实验和遗传规律的叙述,不正确的是( )A.基因的表达可能会受其他基因的影响,即基因之间会存在相互作用B.杂合子与纯合子基因组成不同,性状表现也不同C.孟德尔巧妙设计的测交方法可以用于可以验证基因自由组合和分离定律D.F2 的 3:1 性状分离比一定依赖于雌雄配子的随机结合10、下列叙述正确的是 ( ) A.DNA 与 ATP 中所含元素的种类相同 B.DNA 上有碱基对,RNA 上都没碱基对C.T 2噬菌体的核酸由脱氧核糖苷酸或核糖核苷酸组成 D.控制细菌性状的基因位于拟核和线粒体中的 DNA 上11、DNA 分子中碱基对的排列顺序,特定的排列顺序,千变万化的排列顺序分别代表和体现了A 遗传信息、特异性、多样性 B 遗传信息、多样性、特异性C 特异性、遗传信息 多样性 D 多样性、特异性 、遗传信息12、某种植物果实重量由 2 对等位基因控制,这 2 对基因分别位于 2 对同源染色体上,对果实重量的增加效应相同且具叠加性,已知隐性纯合子和显性纯合子果实重量分别为 150g 和270g.现将果实重量都为 150g 的植物和果实重量为 270 的植株杂交得 F1,F1 自交后代中重量为 210g 的果实所占比例为( )A.9 / 16 B.7 / 16 C.12 / 16 D.11 / 1613、用两个圆形南瓜做杂交实验,子一代均为扁盘状南瓜,子一代自交,子二代出现扁盘状、圆形和长形,三者比例为 9:6:1,现对子二代中的圆形南瓜做测交,则后代中扁状、圆形和长形三种南瓜的比例是:A、2:0:1 B、0:2:1 C、5:0:1 D、0:5:114、对摩尔根等人提出“果蝇的白眼基因位于 X 染色体上”这结论没有影响的是( )A. 孟德尔的遗传定律 B. 摩尔根的精巧实验设计C. 萨顿提出的遗传的染色体假说 D. 克里克提出的中心法则15、将全部 DNA 分子双链经 32P 标记的雄性动物细胞置于含 31P 的培养基中培养。经过连续两次细胞分裂后,检测子细胞中的情况,不可能的是( )A.含 32P 染色体的子细胞比例为 1/2 B.含 32P 染色体的子细胞比例为 1C.含 31P 染色体的子细胞比例为 1/2 D.含 31P 染色体的子细胞比例为 116、甲磺酸乙酯(EM18S)能使鸟嘌呤转变成 7 一乙基鸟嘌呤,后者不与胞嘧啶配对而与胸腺嘧啶配对.育种专家用适宜浓度的 EMS 浸泡小麦种子,可以22A.使小麦的优良性状得以稳定遗传B.导致 DNA 分子无法形成双螺旋结构C.获得 G-C 转换成 A-T 的新 DNA 序列D.获得嘌呤含量高于嘧啶含量的细胞核 DNA17、一种鱼的雄性个体不但生长快,而且肉质好,具有比雌鱼高得多的经济价值.科学家发现这种鱼 X 染色体上存一对等位基因 D、d,含有 D 的精子失去受精能力.若要使杂交子代全是雄鱼,可以选择的杂交组合为( )A.X dXd×XDY B.X DXD×XdY C.X DXd×XdY D.X DXD×XDY18、下列有关生物变异的说法,不正确的是( )。A.受精过程中进行了基因重组,亲子代之间的差异主要是由基因重组造成的B.观察细胞有丝分裂中期染色体形态不可判断基因突变发生的位置C.含有一个染色体组生物是单倍体,D.染色体组中染色体数不一定是体细胞染色体数的一半19、关于格里菲斯和艾弗里完成的肺炎双球菌转化实验,下列叙述错误的是A、加热杀死的 S 型菌的 DNA 进入 R 型菌细胞内,使 R 型菌转化成 S 型菌B、R 型菌转化后出现荚膜,反对者认为可能是突变所致,不能说明 DNA 是遗传物质C、艾弗里提取的 DNA 掺杂有非常少量的蛋白质,实验中没有完全排除蛋白质的作用D、艾 弗 里 通 过 提 纯 、 分 离 S 型 细 菌 的 蛋 白 质 、 DNA、 多 糖 等 物 质 证 明 DNA 是 主 要 的 遗 传 物 质20、右图表示真核细胞基因指导蛋白质合成的过程,字母表示细 胞结构或物质,数字表示过程。下列有关叙述正确的是A.E 上的氨基酸在 B 上对应的密码子均不止一种B.A 上发生了突变,其控制的性状即发生改变C.图中 A、B、C、D 物质中都含有五碳糖D.①、②和 B、D 中都有碱基互补配对现象21、下列关于生命科学研究方法与结果的叙述,正确的是A.格里菲斯实验证明了生物的遗传物质是 DNAB.艾弗里利用同位素标记法证实了“转化因子”就是DNAC.富兰克林和威尔金斯对DNA双螺旋结构模型的建构作出了重要贡献D.萨顿与摩尔根均采用类比推理证明了基因位于染色体上22、如图所示是某遗传病的系谱图。6 号和 7 号以及 8 号和 9 号都为双胞胎(同卵双生由同一个受精卵发育而来;异卵双生,由两个不同的受精卵发育而来),如果 6 号和 9 号个体结婚,则他们生出正常男孩的概率理论上不可能是( )A.5/12 B.4/9 C.3/8 D.5/923、某班同学对一种单基因遗传病进行调查,绘制并分析了其 中一个家系的系谱图(如图 1)下列说法正确的是( ) A. 该病为伴 X 隐性遗传病B. II-5 是该病致病基因的携带者C. II-5 和 II-6 再生患病男孩的概率为 1/8D. III-9 与正常女性结婚,建议生女孩24、某个生物三对等位基因分布在三对同源染色体上,如图表示该生物的精细胞,试根据细胞内基因的类型,判断其精细胞至少来自几个精原细胞(可以有单基因突变但不考虑交叉互换)A.2 个 B.3 个 C.4 个 D.5 个25、下图表示动物细胞分裂各阶段染色体数与核DNA数的比例关系(用实线表示)和细胞质中mRNA含量的变化(用虚线表示)。下列分析合理的是( )A、a阶段可能在进行DNA聚合酶的合成B、b阶段可发生于减数第二次分裂过程中C、b段末形成的姐妹染色单体所含基因不会发生差异D、d~e段二者比例的变化是同源染色体的分离所导致26、如图为基因型为AABb的某动物进行细胞分裂的示意图,下列正确的是( )A.此细胞为次级精母细胞或次级卵母细胞B.出现此细胞中现象是因为发生了基因突变或交叉互换 C.此细胞可能形成两种精子或卵细胞D.此动物体细胞内最多含有四个染色体组 二、非选择题(每空 2 分,共 48 分):3327、甘蓝型油菜花色性状由三对等位基因控制,三对等位基因分别位于三对同源染色体上。花色表现型与基因型之间的对应关系如表。请回答:(1)白花(AABBDD)×黄花(aaBBDD),F 1表现型型是________,F 1测交后代的花色表现型及其比例是________________。(2)黄花(aaBBDD)×金黄花,F 1自交,F 2中黄花基因型有______种,其中纯合个体占黄花的比例是__________。(3)甘蓝型油菜花色有观赏价值,欲同时获得四种花色表现型的子一代,可选择基因型为__________的个体自交,理论上子一代比例最高的花色表现型是_________,其所占比例为________。28、如图表示遗传信息在生物大分子间的传递规律。A~C 为物质,①~⑤为过程。(1)①~⑤过程中,在造血干细胞和神经细胞中都能发生的是________(填序号)。 (2)在洋葱根尖分生区细胞中进行①过程的场所有___________。(3)⑤过程要顺利进行除了需要模板、核糖体、酶,ATP 还需要____________(填两种),进行①过程用到的酶有________________。(4)用图中字母、数字和箭头写出中心法则的表达式:________________(5)将带有 35S、 31P 标记的 H7N9病毒感染带有32S、 32P 标记的人体细胞,增殖产生的子代病毒带有放射性的元素是 。29、鼠类动物是生物学研究中常用的实验材料,下面是与鼠有关的遗传问题。生物兴趣小组在研究性学习中发现:饲养的某种小白鼠群体中(有雌雄正常尾和短尾多只),一对正常尾的双亲鼠生了一只短尾雄鼠。这只短尾雄鼠是基因突变的直接结果,还是由它的双亲携带的隐性短尾基因造成的?兴趣小组做了如下探究(只考虑常染色体遗传)提出假设:假设 1:双亲都是隐性短尾基因的携带者。假设 2:短尾雄鼠为显性突变,且短尾雄鼠为显性纯合子。假设 3:短尾雄鼠为显性突变,且短尾雄鼠为_____。设计并完成实验: ①用该短尾鼠与 交配,观察并记录子代尾的表现型及比例。 ②预测实验结果及结论: 若子代____________ ,则证明该短尾雄鼠为显性突变,且短尾雄鼠为 纯合子。 若子代____________ ,则证明短尾雄鼠为显性突变,且短尾雄鼠为杂合子。 若子代____________ ,则证明双亲都是隐性短尾基因的携带者。 30、在一个常规饲养的实验小鼠封闭种群中,其皮毛性状常表现为粗毛鼠和细毛鼠,某研究小组偶然发现该小鼠种群中出现了几只无毛的雌雄鼠(裸鼠) ,为研究小鼠皮毛的遗传特点,该研究小组开展了相关杂交实验,实验结果如下: 亲本组合 F1 F2实验一 细毛雄鼠×无毛雌鼠 雌雄全为粗毛鼠 6 粗毛雌鼠:2 无毛雌鼠:3 粗毛雄鼠:3 细毛雄鼠 :2 无毛雄鼠实验二 无毛雄鼠×细毛雌鼠 细毛雌鼠、粗毛雄鼠 3 粗毛雌鼠:3 细毛雌鼠:2 无毛雌鼠:3 粗毛雄鼠:3 细毛雄鼠:2 无毛雄鼠(1)假设小鼠皮毛的有无由 A/a 控制,毛的粗细由 B/b 控制。写出实验一亲本雌雄鼠的基因型:雄鼠_________、雌鼠_________。(2)实验二中 F1 的雌雄小鼠的基因型分别是:雄性_______________雌性____________。(3)杂交实验中还发现,无毛雌鼠的产仔率明显低于有毛雌鼠,对此该研究小组进行了进一步的研究。研究发现无毛基因是由有毛基因突变而来的,无毛基因表达的蛋白质相对分子质量明显小于有毛基因表达的蛋白质,推测出现此现象的原因是无毛基因转录的 mRNA 中原控制氨基酸的密码子突变为____________,导致在细胞核中进行的____________过程提前终止。1C 1D 1 B 1A 1 N M D C B A 眉山中学高一下期 5 月月考数学试题数学试题卷共 2 页.满分 150 分.考试时间 120 分钟.一.选择题:本大题共 12 小题,每小题 5 分,共 60 分,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 等比数列 na的前 n 项和为 nS,已知 3217,a,则 5a ( )A. 2 B. 12 C. D. 2 2.平面内已知向量 ,,若向量 b与 方向相反,且 b,则向量 b( )A. ,4 B. 4 C. 4,2 D. ,43.在 C中,角 ,A对边分别为 ,ac.若 6A, 3,a,则sinab( )A. B.63 C. D.184.若直线 不平行于平面 ,则下列结论成立的是( )A.内所有的直线都与 a异面 B. 内不存在与 a平行的直线C. 内所有的直线都与 相交 D.直线 与平面 有公共点5.若 0xy, mn,则下列不等式正确的是( )A. B. xyn C. xym D. xy6. .在等腰 C中, 90A, 2, , 3A,则 的值为( )A. 43 B. 13 C. 13 D. 47. 已知等差数列 {}na中, S是它的前 n项和,若 6170,S,则当 nS取最大值时, n的值为( )A. 8 B.9 C. D. 68.对 于 任 意 实 数 x,不 等 式 24xax恒 成 立 , 则 实 数 a的 取 值 范 围 是 ( )A.(2,) B.(,] C.(,2) D.(,2]9.正数 ab满足 0ab,则 b的最小值为( )A. 3 B. C.1 D.310. 在 ABC中,角 A,B, C 对应的边分别为 ,ac,若 oscbaBC,则 AB 的形状是( )A.等腰三角形 B.等边三角形 C.直角三角形 D.等腰直角三角形11. 的外接圆圆心为 O,半径为 2, 0ABC,且 OA,则在CA方向上的投影为( )A.1 B.2 C. 3 D.312.如右图所示的正数数阵中,第一横行是公差为 d的等差数列,各列均是公比为 q等比数列,已知 1,a, 1,47,4,18a,则下列结论中不正确的是( )A. 1,2da B. 2,1,3,52,14C.每一横行都是等差数列D. 1,()iija( ,j均为正整数)二、填空题:本大题共 4 小题,每小题 5 分,共 20 分.请把答案填在答题卡上相应位置.13.在右图的正方体中,M、N 分别为棱 BC 和棱 CC1的中点,则异面直线 AC 和 MN 所成的角为 .14.已知数列 1,92a成等差数列, ,,9321b成等比数列,则 12b= . 15. 数列{ n}的前 n 项和为 Sn, 1且 Sn与 2 的等差中项是 1na,则 an=____________.16.下列说法中:①若数列 n是等比数列,则数列 1na也是等比数列;②在△ABC 中,若 0BCA则△ABC 是钝角三角形;③在△ABC 中, ,3,62ba则 06B;④若 A,B,C,D 四点既在平面 内,又在平面 内,则平面 与平面 重合;⑤函数 452xy的最小值是 25;⑥直线 a和 b 是异面直线,A,B 与 C,D 分别为直线 a,b 上的不同两点,则直线 AC 与 BD 位置关系为相交或异面;其中结论正确是 (填序号)三、解答题:本大题共 6 小题,共 70 分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题满分 10 分)1,,21,31,,,,2,3,1,23,3,,1,2,3,nnnnnaaaa 2(3,4)(9,)(4,)/,(1)b2m,,mabxcyabccnn已 知 平 面 向 量 且求 与( ) 若 求 向 量 、 的 夹 角 的 大 小18.(本小题满分 12 分)已知数列 na{ } 满足 117,342(N*).nan(1)求 23,的值;(2)证明数列 {}n是等比数列,并求出数列 {}na的通项公式.19.(本小题满分 12 分)在△ ABC 中,角 A, B, C 的对边分别为 a, b, c,且 bcos C=3 acos B- ccos B.(1)求 cos B 的值;(2)若 · =2,且 b=2 ,求 和 c 的值.BA→ BC→ 220(本小题满分 12 分)(1)已知不等式 0232xa的解集为 bxA1|求函数 xabxf 5)( 的最小值(2)设 0,),(),1(,1bOCBOA, O为坐标原点,设CB,三点共线,求 a2的最小值21.(本小题满分 12 分)已知△ABC 的内角 A,B,C 所对的边分别为 a,b,c,且满足 Bcbaos2, = ;(1)若 A= ,求边 b 的长;(2)求△ABC 面积的最大值.22. (本小题满分 12 分)已知等差数列 }{na的首项 1,且公差 0d,它的第 2 项、第 5 项、第 14 项分别是等比数列 b的第 2、3、4 项。(1)求数列 与 的通项公式;(2)令 1nad求数列 nd的前 n 项和 s(3)设数列 }{c对任意正整数 n 均有 121nabcbc 成立,求21的值.3451眉山中学 2015 级六月检测试题物 理一.单项选择题 (每小题 3 分, 共 30 分)1.在科学发展史上,符合历史事实的是A.开普勒对自由落体的研究,开创了研究自然规律的科学方法B.牛顿做了著名的斜面实验,得出轻重物体自由下落一样快的结论C.卡文迪许利用扭秤装置测定了引力常量的数值D.开普勒通过对行星运动规律的研究总结出了万有引力定律2.在水平面上,小猴拉着小滑块做匀速圆周运动,O 点为圆心.能正确地表示小滑块受到的牵引力 F及摩擦力 f的图是3.关于功和能,下列说法不正确的是A.滑动摩擦力对物体可以做正功B.当作用力对物体做正功时,反作用力可以不做功C.只受重力作用的物体,在运动过程中机械能一定守恒D.做曲线运动的物体,由于速度不断地变化,一定有外力对物体做功4.质量相同的两小球,分别用长 L 和 2L 的细绳挂在天花板上,分别拉起小球使绳伸直呈水平状态,然后轻轻释放.当小球到达最低位置时A.两球运动的线速度相等 B.两球运动的角速度相等C.两球的向心加速度不相等 D.细绳对两球的拉力相等5.如图所示,物体 A 通过轻质细绳拉光滑水平面上的物体 B,现用适当的外力作用在物体 B 上,使物体 A 沿光滑竖直杆以速度 v匀速下滑,则下列说法正确的是A.物体 B 向右匀速运动 B.物体 B 向右加速运动C.细绳对 A 的拉力逐渐变大 D.细绳对 B 的拉力逐渐变大6.2013 年 12 月 2 日,嫦娥三号探测器顺利发射.嫦娥三号要求一次性进入近地点 210 公里、远地点约 36.8 万公里的地月转移轨道.12 月 10 日晚上九点二十分,在太空飞行了九天的“嫦娥三号”飞船,再次成功变轨,从 100 km×100 km 的环月圆轨道Ⅰ,降低到近月点 15 km、远月点 100 km 的椭圆轨道Ⅱ,两轨道相交于 P 点,如图所示.若绕月运行时只考虑月球引力作用,关于“嫦娥三号”飞船,以下说法正确的是A.在轨道Ⅰ上运动的周期小于在轨道Ⅱ上运动的周期B.沿轨道 I 运行至 P 点的速度等于沿轨道 II 运行至 P 点的速度C.沿轨道 I 运行至 P 点的加速度等于沿轨道 II 运行至 P 点的加速度D.在轨道Ⅰ上的势能与动能之和比在轨道Ⅱ上的势能与动能之和小7.轻质弹簧吊着小球静止在如图所示的 A 位置,现用水平外力 F 将小球缓慢拉到 B 位置,此时弹簧与竖直方向的夹角为 ,在这一过程中,下列说法正确的是A.小球的机械能不变,重力势能增加B.弹簧对小球的弹力在水平方向的分力大小逐渐减小凵C.水平外力 F 做的功数值上等于弹簧和小球机械能的增加量D.水平外力 F 做的功等于弹簧的弹性势能增加8.如图所示,某物体沿 14光滑圆弧轨道由最高点滑到最低点过程中,下列说法正确的是A.物体做匀速圆周运动 B.物体所受的合力方向始终指向圆心 OC.物体所受的支持力大小不变D.物体所受的合力做正功9.一人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动,假如该卫星变轨后仍做匀速圆周运动,动能减小为原来的 14,不考虑卫星质量的变化,则变轨前后卫星的A.向心加速度大小之比为 4:1 B.角速度大小之比为 2:1C.周期之比为 1:8 D.轨道半径之比为 1:810.质量为 m 的物体从距离地面高度为 H0处由静止落下,若不计空气阻力,物体下落过程中动能 Ek随距地面高度 h 变化关系的 Ek-h 图像是二.多项选择题(每小题 4 分, 共 16 分)11.汽车在平直的公路上行驶,某一段时间内汽车的功率随时间的变化如图所示,设汽车运动过程中受到的阻力不变,则在这一段时间内汽车的运动情况可能是A.汽车做匀速直线运动B.汽车做匀加速直线运动C.汽年做加速度增加的加速直线运动D.汽车做加速度减小的加速直线运动12.在同一水平直线上的两位置分别沿同一水平方向抛出两小球 A 和 B,两球相遇于空中的 P点,它们的运动轨迹如右图所示.不计空气阻力,下列说法中正确的A.在 P 点时,A 球的速度大小小于 B 球的速度大小B.在 P 点时,A 球的速度大小大于 B 球的速度大小Ek0 H0 hA0EkhH0B C D0 hEkH0 0EkH0 ht/s0P0P/W2C.抛出时,先抛出 A 球后抛出 B 球D.抛出时,两球同时抛出13.有一宇宙飞船到了某行星附近(该行星没有自转运动),以速度 v接近行星表面匀速环绕,测出运动的周期为 T,已知引力常量为 G,则可得A.该行星的半径为 2v B.无法求出该行星的质量C.该行星的平均密度为 23 D.该行星表面的重力加速度为24vT14.如图所示,质量为 2 kg 的物体沿倾角为 30°的固定斜面匀减速上滑了 2 m 距离,物体加速度的大小为 8 m/s2, (重力加速度 g 取 10 m/s2) .在此过程中A.物体的重力势能增加了 40J B.物体的机械能减少了 12JC.物体的动能减少了 32J D.物体克服摩擦力做功 12J三.实验题 (本大题共两小题, 共 16 分 除 16 题第(3) 问 毎空 3 分外, 其余每个问 2 分)15.小明把附有滑轮的长木板放在实验桌上,将细绳一端拴在小车上,另一端绕过定滑轮,挂上适当的钩码,使小车在钩码的牵引力下运动,以此研究绳拉力做功和小车动能变化的关系.此外他还准备了打点计时器及配套电源、导线、复写纸、纸带、小木块、天平(包括砝码)等,实验装置如图(1)若要完成该实验,必须的实验器材还有 . (2)实验开始时,他先调节木板上定滑轮的高度,使牵引小车的细绳与木板平行.他这样做的目的是 (填字母代号)A. 避免小车在运动中发生抖动B.可使打点计时器在纸带上打出的点迹清晰C.可以保证小车最终能实现匀速直线运动D.可在平衡摩擦力后使细绳拉力等于小车受的合力(3)为了顺利完成该实验,下列哪些做法正确(填字母代号) .A.在接通电源的同时释放小车B.小车释放点靠近打点计时器C.抬高木板一端,用眼睛观察小车是否做匀速直线运动来确定摩擦力是否被平衡掉D.当钩码质量远远大于小车质量时,可认为细绳对小车的拉力等于钩码重力.16.在用打点计时器验证机械能守恒定律的实验中,质量 m1.00 kg 重物自由下落,打点计时器在纸带上打出一系列点.如图所示为选取的一条符合实验要求的纸带, O 为第一个点,A、 B、 C 为从合适位置开始选取的三个连续点(其他点未画出) .已知打点计时器每隔 0.02 s打一次点,当地的重力加速度 g9. 80 m/s2.那么:(1) 纸带的 端(选填“左”或“右’ )与重物相连;(2) 根据图上所得的数据,应取图中 O 点和 点来验证机械能守恒定律;(3) 从 O 点到所取点,重物的重力势能减少量 PE= J,动能增加量 KE= J.(结果均取 3 位有效数字)四.计算题17. (8 分)已知地球的半径约为某星球半径的 4 倍,地球表面的重力加速度约为该星球表面重力加速度的 9 倍,地球的第一宇宙速度约为 7.90 km/s.求该星球的第一宇宙速度. (结杲取三位有效数字)18. (8 分)汽车发动机的额定功率为 P=60kW,汽车的质量为 m5×103 kg,汽车在水平路面上行驶时,阻力是车重的 k0.1 倍.汽车在平直路面上从静止开始,先以 a0.5 m/s2的加速度作匀加速后做变加速运动,经时间 t=36 s 达到最大速度 v.取 g10 m/s2.求:(1)汽车作匀加速运动的时间 t1;(2)汽车从开始运动到达到最大速度的过程发生的位移 x.19. (10 分)竖直放置的半径 R80 cm 的半圆形光滑轨道与水平轨道相连接,连接点为 P.质量为 m50 g 的小球以一定的初速度由水平轨道向左运动,并沿圆轨道的内壁运动到最高点M,如果球 A 经过 N 点时速度 Nv8 m/s,经过 M 点时对轨道的压力为 0.5 N.取 g10 m/s2.求:(1)小球经过半圆轨道的 P 点时对轨道的压力大小.(2)小球从 N 点运动到 M 点的过程中克服摩擦阻力做的功.20. (12 分)如图所示,一个与水平方向成 37°的传送带逆时针转动,线速度为 v10 m/s,传送带 A、 B 两轮间距离 L10.25 m.一个质量 1kg 的可视为质点的物体轻放在 A 处,物体与传送带之间的动摩擦因数 0.5.sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8, g10m/s2.求:(1)物体在 A 处加速度 a 的大小;(2)物体在传送带上机械能的改变量 ΔE ;(3)物体与传送带因摩擦而产生的热量 Q.321122127R7.9/6.3/vmgKsvgvKms、 解 :地 球 :星 球 :1212222221128P=FV640F64P0641KgatsxtmtsxPtfvvmtfxv、 解 :( )( )全 程 动 能 定 理 :( 分 段 计 算 也 可 以 )29N+R4/:mmvgvsPM、 ( ) 小 球 在 最 高 点由 机 械 能 守 恒 定 律 :22143/pmvgRVs22NpvPg点 : 223.5PM10.4fmnfg2RwvWJ由 牛 顿 第 三 定 律 : 点 对 轨 道 压 力大 小 为 ., 方 向 竖 直 向 下( ) : 由 动 能 定 理 :-1212222cos/510.sincos(L)1J=csingaatvtxmgaExgxLxvtatxvtQmg总、 ( )( ) 设 物 体 经 过 时 间 达 到 与 传 送 带 相 对 静 止<物 体 继 续 下 滑 :△( 3) 物 体 与 皮 带 速 度 相 同 后 , 继 续 下 滑-物 体 相 对 皮 带 运 动 的 位 移()+os1J总- 1 -眉山中学高一下期 5 月月考英语试卷考试时间:120 分钟 总分:150 分 第一部分 听力测试(共两节,满分 20 分)第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分)请听下面 5 段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Which sport does the woman like best?A. Baseball B. Badminton C. Volleyball2. What are the two speakers going to do?A. Go shopping B. See a film. C. Have hair cut.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hospital. B. At a shop. C. At a postal office.4. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Colleagues. B. Friends. C. Couple.5. What will the woman do next week?A. Go travelling B. Meet her teacher. C. Do her team paper.第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)请听下面 5 段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。6. What happened to the man?A. He lost his job. B. He failed his final test. C. He was late for school.7. How is the man’s feeling to the woman?A. Frightened. B. Grateful. C. Disappointed.请听第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 题。8. Where will the woman take the boys to?A. School. B. Park. C. Hospital.9. What is the man planning to do?A. Open a saving account. B. Bake a birthday cake. C. Buy a birthday present.请听第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 题。10. What kind of music does the woman prefer?A. Classical music. B. Pop music. C. Country music.11. What does the man say about the classical music?- 2 -A. He listens to it when cooking. B. It is good for his brain. C. It can help reduce stress.12. What does the woman tell the man in the end?A. He can find some recordings on the Internet.B. He can buy some new CDs online.C. He can listen to Mozart’s music.请听第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 题。13. Where are the two speakers probably?A. At the woman’s house. B. At the hospital. C. In an office.14. Why does the man meet the woman?A. To find out why the woman’s recent work was poor.B. To ask about the woman’s family.C. To discuss future plans.15. What can we know about the woman’s mother?A. She is seriously sick. B. She had an accident. C. She died of stomach cancer.16. What is the man’s attitude to the woman in the end?A. He is angry. B. He is sad. C. He is kind.请听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题。17. What will people do tomorrow morning?A. Watch a performance. B. Have a meeting. C. Go sightseeing.18. Why does the speaker have to change today’s plan?A. Diana Decker wants to speak first.B. The first speaker got food poisoning.C. He will attend an important meeting.19. When will the coffee break start?A. At 9:30. B. At 10:00. C. At 10:30.20. Where will the discussion be held?A. In Room 201. B. In the meeting hall. C. In the Youth Action Theater.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节 满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)AAfter spending a year in Brazil on a student exchange program, her mother recalled(回忆), Marie Colvin returned home to find that her classmates had narrowed down their college choices. “Everyone else was already admitted to college,” her mother, Rosemarie Colvin, said from the family home. “So she took our car and drove up to Yale and said, ‘You have to let me in .’ ”- 3 -“Impressed--she was a National Merit (全国英才) finalist who had picked up Portuguese in Brazil. Yale did, admitting her to the class of 1978, where she started writing for the Yale Daily News and decided to be a journalist,” her mother said.On Wednesday, Marie Colvin, 56, an experienced journalist for The Sunday Times of London, was killed as Syrian forces shelled(炮击) the city of Homs. She was working in a temporary media center that was destroyed in the attack. “She was supposed to leave Syria on Wednesday”, Mrs. Colvin said. “Her editor told me he called her yesterday and said it was getting too dangerous and they wanted to take her out. She said she was doing a story and she wanted to finish it.”Mrs. Colvin said it was pointless to try to prevent her daughter from going to conflict (冲突)zones. “If you knew my daughter,” she said, “it would have been such a waste of words. She was determined, she was enthusiastic about what she did, it was her life. There was no saying ‘Don’t do this.’ This is who she was, absolutely who she was and what she believed in: cover the story, not just have pictures of it, but bring it to life in the deepest way you could.” “So it was not a surprise when she took an interest in journalism,” her mother said. 21. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1, we can infer that ________ .A. Yale was her last choiceB. Marie Colvin was confident of herself C. Yale must keep its promise to Marie ColvinD. Marie Colvin was good at persuading22. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Marie Colvin’s life ?a. She was doing a story in Syria and got killed. b. She was admitted to Yale University.c. She studied in Brazil as an excellent student.d. She was hired by The Sunday Times of London.e. She began to take an interest in journalism.A. d→e→c→a→b B. b→c→d→e→aC. e→d→c→b→a D. c→b→e→d→a 23. From the last paragraph, we can know that Mrs. Colvin ________.A. dislikes the choice of her daughter B. cares little about her daughterC. knows her daughter very well D. doesn’t fully appreciate her daughter24. What can be the best title of the text?- 4 -A. Covering Stories in a Dangerous Conflict Area.B. Applying for Top Universities, a Successful CaseC. Choosing Lifelong Careers Based on Your Own Interest.D. Recalling Her Daughter, a Journalist Killed in Syria.BAmmie Reddick from East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, was only 18 months old when she had the accident that had scarred(留下创伤) her for life. The curious child reached up to grab the wire of a hot kettle in the family kitchen and poured boiling water over her tiny infant frame(身躯).Her mother Ruby turned round and, seeing Ammie horribly burnt, called an ambulance which rushed her daughter to a nearby hospital. Twenty percent of Ammie’s body had been burned and all of her burns were third-degree. There, using tissue(组织) taken from unburned areas of Ammie’s body, doctors performed complex skin transplants(移植) to close her wounds and control her injuries, an operation that took about six hours. Over the next 16 years, Ammie underwent 12 more operations to repair her body.When she started school at Maxwelton Primary at age 4, other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldn’t play with her. “I was the only burned child in the street, the class and the school,” she recalled, “some children refused to become friends because of that.”Today, aged 17, Ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars; pain is a permanent part of her body. She still has to have two further skin transplants. Yet she is a confident, outgoing teenager who offers inspiration and hope to other young burns victims.She is a member of the Scottish Burned Children’s Club, a charity set up last year. This month, Ammie will be joining the younger children at the Graffham Water Center in Cambridge shire for the charity’s first summer camp. “I’ll show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others,” she says. Ammie loves wearing fashionable sleeveless tops, and she plans to show the youngsters at the summer camp that they can too. “I do not go to great lengths to hide my burnt scars,” she says, “I gave up wondering how other people would react years ago.”25. What did other children do when Ammie first went to school?A.They were friendly to her. B.They showed sympathy to her.C.They were afraid of her. D.They looked down upon her.26. Ammie will teach the younger children at the Graffham Water Center to___________.A.face others’ unkindness bravely B.hide their scars by proper - 5 -dressingC.live a normal life D.recover quickly27. What does the underlined word “permanent” in the 4th paragraph mean?A. necessary B. life-long C. difficult D. important28. What can be the best title of the passage?A. A Seriously Burned Girl Survives B. Ways to Get Rid of Unkind StaresC.Permanent Scars And Pain For a Girl D. A Seriously Burned Angel of HopeC“Can I hug you?” community nurse Joyce Jebambula asks with a smile as she welcomes me back to her village. “Of course,” I say as I put my arms around her. It’s an unbelievable moment. Just at the height of the outbreak more than a year ago, there was an “avoid body contact” rule here. It’s now been removed.One of the most challenging parts of reporting this outbreak over the past 18 months is that I haven't been able to touch anyone in the worst-affected countries. When Ebola(埃博拉病毒) survivors described in tears describing losing their families, I had to almost sit on my hands to avoid reaching out to comfort them.The outbreak was declared over in Sierra Leone on 7 November. I returned for the celebrations. But despite reaching this long-awaited milestone, all is not well.Ibrahim Koroma, 21, clings to (紧紧抓住) his survivor's certificate (证明) outside the home. All 17 of his family are now dead. The certificate is one of his most prized possessions. “He does not pose any risk to the community“ it reads.Ibrahim tells me how his landlord has allowed him to stay in one of the rooms of his former family home until the end of the year. He says he doesn't know what he'll do after that. He does some part-time work, relying heavily on help from neighbors. His two little sisters and little brother died in the very room where he now sleeps. He says he often lies awake thinking about them, feeling very bad.The Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the worst on record. In past outbreaks - 6 -there had only been a few hundred deaths and a few hundred survivors. It was thought Ebola could live for only three months. But research has now shown it can linger for at least nine months. Scientists are still trying to find how long it could be infectious.29. When interviewing Ebola survivors the author _______.A. couldn’t touch them with hands.B. kept comforting them with handsC. held their hands to show sympathyD. couldn’t help comforting them with hands30. Ibrahim Koroma values his certificate because it_________A. is a sign of his contributionsB. shows he is a healthy personC. has been the only one for patients so farD. is a great honor to have it in his village31. We can learn from the passage that___________A. Ebola can only survive a few daysB. Ibrahim’s neighbours treat him badlyC. Ebola still influences Ibrahim’s lifeD. there were once 17 people in Ibrahim’s familyDAfter having more than a few acquaintances (熟人)online, _it might come a blow to keen social networkers like Barack Obama, or even Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg himself.According to a research, the average person has in fact twice as many online friends as physical ones. Users of social-networking sites have on average 121 online friends as compared with physical ones. The study also claims that people tend to be more open, confident and honest with their virtual friends than their “real” ones.“For most people , the Internet is a way of keeping in touch with loved ones and friends, but for people who are isolated due to illness, it plays a more vital role, and can often act as a lifeline.” says Helen Oxley, a psychologist at Wythenshawe hospital.“People with illnesses often rely on the Internet to facilitate(促进) friendships, since they blog and use networking sites as a way of dealing with their illness. It can foster a sense of social connection for those who - 7 -frequently feel isolated, which is important to psychological well-being.”In wider society, the ways in which friendships are formed are changing, with people recognizing that they can develop deep and meaningful connections with others that they’ve never met, and may never meet. About one in 10 people has either met their best friends online, or believes they can make lifelong friends on the Web.The findings highlight how social introductions are also changing. Only five percent would ask for someone’s phone number, while 23 percent are now likely to ask for an email address or a full name with the intention of adding the person to their social network.At the same time, however, a questionnaire completed by 4,427 suggests that 20 percent of parents believe their children’s education is affected by surfing the Net. They think their children are doing poorly at the school due to the amount of time they spend on non-educational websites.32. The underlined word “it” in Para 1 most probably refers to ________.A. people spending too much time surfing the NetB. people relying on the Internet to connect with friendsC. people having more virtual friends than real onesD. people making meaningful connections with strangers33. We can infer from the text that________.A. sick people can recover more quickly by surfing the NetB. students get important information online C. students who surf the net always perform not so well D. people tend to trust their virtual friends more than their real ones34. What percentage of parents believe that the Internet has a bad effect on their children?A. About 5 percent. B. About 20 percent. C. About 10 percent. D. About 23 percent. 35. In the following paragraph, the author will probably discuss ________.A. how much time children spend on the InternetB. how children learn about the world through the NetC. how parents feel about their children’s studiesD. how children make use of the Internet to study第二节 短文七选五(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Americans bought an estimated 18 and a half million bicycles last year. Some bikes never get much riding. 36 But a project based in Washington is - 8 -putting unwanted bikes from the United States to good use in developing countries.Keith Oberg is the director of Bikes for the World. He said, “Everybody has an old bicycle, and it is usually not ridden. 37 ”Bikes for the World collects bicycles and delivers them at low cost to community programs in developing countries. The bicycle recycling program is one of the largest in the United States. It is a sponsored project of the Washington Area Bicyclist Association.38 Since then it has shipped more than 40,444 bikes to communities in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, says director Keith Oberg.Bikes for the World partners with nonprofit groups in the United States to collect unwanted bikes. Then it works with nonprofit in the other countries to get the bikes to organizations and individuals that need them the most.For example, the Bicycle Empowerment Network Namibia uses the bikes to provide transportation for health workers. 39 The organization also has bicycle ambulance services to transport the sick.The Bicycle Empowerment Network also provides training and support to help local organizations and individuals open bike shops of their own. The businesses sell the recycled bikes at low cost and provide repair services. 40 A. Mostly they gather dust.B. However, they are very expensive to buy.C. It sits there in the garage, or basement or shed, going to
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