1、a0a2a1a4a3a4a5a4a6a4a7a4a8a4a9a4a10a4a11a4a7 a12a14a13a14a15a17a16a14a18a14a6a14a7a19 4 (NH)a20a22a21a22a23a22a20a22a24a22a25a26a28a27a28a29a28a30a28a31a22a32a22a33a35a34a22a36a22a37a35a38a22a39 (NH).a40a28a41a28a42a28a43 (NH) a44a28a45a28a46a28a44a28a47a22a48a22a49a51a50a35a52a22a53a54 (NH)a55 (LH)
2、 a56a58a57a59a44a22a60a22a61a22a62a22a63a22a49a65a64a35a66a58a67a69a68a35a70a22a71a35a44a22a72a73a22a74 4.1 (NH)a75a59a76a58a77a59a78a22a79a58a75 (LH) a75a59a76a22a80a22a81a22a82a22a83 (NH) a75a59a76a22a72 (NH) a75a84a59a85a76a22a80a22a86a22a83a22a78a22a79a58a75 (LH) a75a59a76a22a72a87a22a88a22a89a2
3、2a90a62a22a63a22a91a22a92a22a93a22a44 (LH) a44a22a45a22a46a22a94a22a95a22a96a30 (NH)a44a22a45a22a46a22a72a97a22a74 4.1a98 (t) a83 (NH) a75a59a99a85a76a22a49 (t) a83a22a78a22a79a58a75 (LH) a75a59a99a85a22a100a22a101a76a102a58a103a72a105a104a59a106 n a107a22a108a22a109a58a110a22a111a59a112 c a75a59a11
4、3a22a114a58a115x = (t)c+ (t) (4.1)a83 (NH) a116a22a117a22a76a58a75a59a118a58a119a59a113a22a114a58a115a59a72a120a28a121a50a28a52a28a49a123a122a125a124a28a126 4.1 a127a28a128a28a129a54 na130a28a131a133a132a125a134 c, (4.1) a68 (NH) a44a28a46a28a72a135a64a33a49a136 x(t)a68 (NH) a44a22a129a54a22a137a22a
5、138a44a35a46a35a49a140a139a141a122a69a124a35a126 4.1 a127 x(t) (t) a68a22a92a22a93a22a44 (LH)a44a22a46a22a72a65a142a58a122a138a126 3.1 a127a22a143a22a144 na130a22a131a58a132a59a134 c0, a145a22a96x(t) (t) (t)c0; t2I;a89a22a146a67a59a46 x(t) a95a22a45a22a147a22a144 (4.1) a148a59a149a22a150a22a151a22a1
6、52 ca153a22a96a30a72a138a126a22a66a22a154a22a72 a155a22a156 a138a126 4.1, a157a22a60a58a158a59a127a22a92a22a93a35a44 (LH) a44a90a22a159a22a160 a26a46a35a161a163a162a69a49a140a139a35a164 (NH) a44a22a45a46a28a44a133a165a125a166a28a94a28a167a28a47a22a40a22a164a22a168a22a44a22a129a54 a90a22a159a22a169a4
7、6a22a72a170a40a22a164 (NH) a44a169a46a28a49a172a171a28a173a28a95a22a174a22a152a22a131a22a175a22a176a177a28a178a72a87a28a88a28a89a22a179 a37 a178a49a181a180a35a182a22a183a22a184a22a185a22a95a35a96a30 (NH)a44a90a28a159a28a169a46a28a49a181a153a22a186a58a187a59a188a22a95a35a96a30a168a44a22a45a22a46a22a7
8、2a97a22a74 4.2 (a189a35a190a35a191a35a192a35a193a35a194 ) a98 (t) a83a141a77 (NH) a78a35a79a141a75 (LH) a75a69a99a85a35a100a35a101a76a102a58a103a72a105a104 (NH) a75a59a116a22a117a22a76a58a75a59a118a58a119a59a113a22a114a58a115a59a195a141a196a59a113a35a197a35a198x = (t)c+Z tt01(s)f(s)ds; (4.2)a199a58a
9、200 ca83a22a108a22a109a58a75 n a107a58a110a22a111a59a112a22a49 t0 2I a195a22a108a22a109a22a201a22a202a22a72a120a22a121a171a22a173a22a127a22a203 (LH) a44a22a45a22a46a22a95a146a22a204a40x = (t)c;a64a58a148 ca40a22a129a54 na130a22a131a58a132a59a134a22a72a65a205a22a144a22a206a22a131a58a132a69a134 ca207a
10、22a208a58a132a59a134a22a209a22a175 c(t), a210a22a211a22a212a22a60x = (t)c(t) (4.3)1a0a2a1a4a3a4a5a4a6a4a7a4a8a4a9a4a10a4a11a4a7 a12a14a13a14a15a17a16a14a18a14a6a14a7a44a58a132a59a134a22a209a22a175a22a49a140a153a35a213a178a144a89a35a179a212a35a214a105a44a35a209a35a175a141a148a69a215a105a164 (NH) a44a
11、22a46a22a49a65a64a58a148 c(t) a68a22a216a138a44a95a22a217a58a132a59a134a22a209a22a175a22a72a65a206 (4.3) a218a22a219 (NH), a96a30d (t)dt c(t) + (t)dc(t)dt = A(t) (t)c(t) +f(t):a220a40 (t) a68 (LH) a44a160 a26a46a22a161a58a162a59a49a65a221a22a183a22a214a35a95a22a222a35a223a22a40(t)dc(t)dt = f(t):a89a
12、68a90a22a159a62a22a224dc(t)dt a44a34a22a36a218a22a175a37a22a38a22a39a72a105a122a69a224 det (t) 6= 0, a221a22a95a22a46a58a225dc(t)dt = 1(t)f(t):a129a22a152 t0 2I, a226a22a227a22a183a22a214a22a96a30c(t) = c+Z tt01(s)f(s)ds; (4.4)a64a133a148 ca68a28a129a54 na130a28a131a133a132a125a134a28a72a169a28a228a
13、152 c = 0, a153a28a206 c(t) = R tt0 1(s)f(s)dsa218a28a219 (4.3),a171a22a173a22a96a30 (NH)a44a90a22a159a22a169a46 x = (t) R tt0 1(s)f(s)ds. a142a58a122a138a126 4.1 a229a22a96a30a22a230a231a66a58a67a59a44a22a47a22a232a22a72a65a180a22a182a22a183a35a49a65a206 (4.4) a218a22a219 (4.3) a94a22a95a22a233a22a
14、234a22a96a30a22a138a126a22a44a22a47a22a232a35a72 a235 4.1a236a58a237a59a238a58a239a59a240a22a241a102a58a103 (t; ),a242a22a243a58a244a59a245 (NH), (1.2) a75a59a76a22a195a22a113a58a246x = (t;t0)+Z tt01(t0;s)f(s)ds: (4.5)a247 a2481. a60a22a249 (NH) a148 f(t) 6 0, a139 (NH) a224 I a183a22a250 n+ 1 a159
15、a34a22a36a22a251 a62a22a44a22a46a22a722. a158a59a127 1(t); ;n+1(t) a68 (NH) a224 I a183a22a44 n+ 1 a159 a34a22a36a22a251 a62a22a44a22a46a22a49a59a252a58a225(NH) a44a22a253a22a254a22a46a22a44a22a255a58a187a146a1a0a214a35a723. a213 (t) a68 (LH) a44a90a22a159a22a160 a26a46a105a161a141a162a69a49 f(t;x)
16、a68 n a130a22a44a58a132a59a134a22a209a22a175a105a49a140a224a3a2a4a1a5 t2I;x2 ( 1;+1)a183a1a6a1a7a22a72a65a139a22a128 t0 2I a91 na130a22a131a58a132a59a134 , a164a22a46a1a8a1a9a58a165a59a166dxdt = A(t)x+f(t;x); x(t0) = (4.6)a10a1a11a224a22a164a22a46a22a226a22a227a37a22a38a22a39x(t) = (t) 1(t0) +Z tt0(t) 1(s)f(s;x(s)ds; (4.7)a12 a136 x = x(t)a68 (4.6) a44a35a46a35a49a65a139a35a168a35a68 (4.7) a44a13a6a13a7a35a44a35a46a13a14a16a15a35a56a105a49a136 x = x(t)a68(4.7) a44a1a6a1a7a22a44a22a46a22a49a65a139a22a168a1a17a22a68 (4.6) a44a22a46a22a722
