1、专题 10 特殊句式易错点 1 祈使句和感叹句的误用The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ dangerous a scene it was! （单句语法填空）【错因分析】混淆 what 引导的感叹句和 how 引导的感叹句。【参考答案】How:用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由 what 或 how 引导，具体用法如下表：类别 结构 例句What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!:What a kind girl (sh
2、e is)! （ 她 是 ） 一 个 多 么 善 良的 女 孩 啊 ！what 引导What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花！What bad weather (it is)! 多么糟糕的天气！How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝！How + 形容词/ 副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How brave (the hero is)!（这个英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊！how 引导How + 形容词 + a/an
3、 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How clever (a boy he is)! （ 他 是 ） 一 个 多 么 聪 明的 男 孩 啊 ！感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what 与 how 应在前。形容词、副词跟着 how，what 后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词 a 或 an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见1. _ exciting news! Weve never had _ long vacation before. A. What; such a B. What an; such a C. How; such a D. What; so【解析】句意：多么令人兴奋的消
4、息！以前我们从来没有这么长的假期。此题考查What + adj. + 名词! 和such a + adj. + 名词结构。故选 A。 【答案】A2. Look! _ clean the classroom looks! Yes. Im sure somebody _ it up. A. What; has cleaned B. How; has cleanedC. What; cleaned D. How; cleaned【答案】BIt could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, _ (make
5、) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【试题解析】考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but 连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever 引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。【参考答案】make祈使句的基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。1. 肯定的祈使句句型：动词原形其他成分。Be careful!小心！Do祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求， do 起强调作用。please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 ple
6、ase 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。Close the door, please. 请关门。2. 否定的祈使句常用句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。Dont be late for school again! 别再迟到了！用 Never 开头：Never动词原形其他成分。Never leave todays work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天！3. Let 引导的祈使句以 Let 开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let.not 或 Dont. Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。Dont let the boy p
7、lay football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换1. Lets + 动词原形 + 其他可转换为Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? 。Lets go fishing this afternoon. =Shall we go fishing this afternoon? 2. 祈使句 + and/or + 简单句可转换为含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句。Use your head, and youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way. Hurry
8、 up, or well be late. =If we dont hurry up, well be late. 祈使句的应答语1. 以 Lets 开头的祈使句，其答语常用 Good idea. /OK. /Yes, Id love to.等。Lets go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。Good idea. 好主意。2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为 Yes, I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为 Sorry/No, I wont(do it again).。Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you. 就要下雨
9、了。记着带上雨伞。Thanks, I will. 谢谢，我会的。Dont play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。Sorry, I wont do it again. 对不起，我将不再那样做了。1. Mark, please dont play basketball on the road. Its very dangerous._. I am going home at once.A. Have a great time B. Sorry, I wont do thatC. Id like to D. OK, with pleasure【解析】对今后不要做某事的命令或请求表示接受
10、时，回答要用否定的将来时。【答案】B2. _ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. Not B. Not too C. Dont D. Dont to【解析】祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加 dont，故选 C。【答案】C3. Look at the sign; what does it mean?It means_.A. Dont talking B. No talking C. Not talk【解析】表示不要说话可以使用 Dont talk. 或 No talking. 两种形式，
11、因此选 B 项。【答案】B4. _ a dairy every day and youll improve your writing.A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. If you keep【答案】C5. Wish you good luck in the entrance exam. _. The same to you. A. Thank you B. See you C. Im sorry to hear that【解析】对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故选 A。【答案】A易错点 2 完全倒装句与部分倒装句的误用1. Only with the greates
12、t luck she managed to escape from the rising flood water. （单句改错）【错因分析】only 修饰的状语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。【试题解析】句意：只有拥有极好的运气，她才能从不断上涨的洪水中逃出来。only 位于句首，后接状语时，句子要用部分倒装。 【参考答案】she managed 改为 did she manage2. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and neither is Tom. （单句改错）3. _（catch）the morning train, he would not
13、have been late for the meeting.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】从句未使用部分倒装【试题解析】本题实际上是一个条件句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句中使用过去完成时，主句使用情态动词+have done；当条件句中的 if 省略的时候，要把 had 提到主语前，构成部分倒装。【参考答案】Had he caught倒装句的种类英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。(1)完全倒装完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只
14、用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。(2)部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。Well do I remember the day I joined the League. 入团的那一天，
15、我记忆犹新。Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。倒装句的重点点击1. 常见部分倒装结构含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如 never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time 等) 放在句首时2. 常见完全倒装结构There be 结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替 be 动词的动词有： exist, seem, happen, app
16、ear, live, rise, stand, remain 等Neither/nor 引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。She wont go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用It is the same with +主语结构或用So it is with +主语结构。He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with h
17、is sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定 )She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。(谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词)其它形式的完全倒装Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。 (形容词短语在句首)Such was the story he told me. 他给我讲的故事就是这样的。(代词在句首)First to unfold wa
18、s the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。 (不定式短语在句首)Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。(过去分词在句首)Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。( 现在分词短语在句首)1. I believe that when the power of love overcomes the love of power, _ then will there be peace
19、 in this world.【解析】考查 only+状语+ 倒装句结构。句意：我相信，当爱的力量战胜了权势之争，只有那时这个世界上才会有和平。【答案】only2. Only after Mary read her essay the second time _ she notice the spelling mistake.【答案】did3. Never _ it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries
20、 themselves.倒装句速记口诀副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only 修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，既不 也不须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such 代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Not only 开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were ，should 虚拟句，省略 if 半倒装。【解析】句意：对于欧洲而言从来没有把太多的希望放在中国，这是现实的，因为债务问题将只能由欧洲国家自己来解决。否定词 never 放在句首，后面使用倒装句。【答案】is4. Only after one has become a parent _ he realize how grea
21、t his parents are.【解析】句意：只有一个人为人父母后，他才知道他的父母多么的伟大。Only状语从句放在句首的时候，后面的句子用部分倒装，助动词/be 动词/ 情态动词放在主语前面，所以答案为 will。【答案】will5. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely _ (can) he make ends meet.【答案】could6. Its not what you have in your life but _ you have i
22、n your life that matters.【解析】考查强调句型的用法。句意：重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。题干中 not what you have in your life but _ you have in your life 是强调句中的被强调部分，根据前者的what，判断 but 后的从句中缺少 have 的宾语。【答案】who7. Who was it _ played a trick on the new English teacher?【解析】句意：是谁捉弄了新来的英语教师？考查强调句。Who was it that.?为强调主语的特殊疑问句形式，意为究竟是谁
23、？。【答案】that8. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.【解析】句意：是他话里的意思而不是他说的话把我惹恼了。考查强调句。强调主语 what he meant rather than what he said。【答案】that9. Was it at 11 oclock _ your father came back last night?Yes, he is always coming back so late.【解析】句意：你爸爸昨晚是 11 点回来的吗？是的，他总是这么晚回来。此题考查强调句。被强调的
24、部分是 at 11 oclock，故填 that。【答案】that10. What do you think it is _ has brought worldwide attention to China?Rapid and steady economic growth, of course.【答案】that11. So touching _ the song sound that I couldnt hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time. （单句语法填空）【解析】当so+形容词置于句首时，句子应用部分倒装；根据从句时态可
25、知，应用一般过去时，故填助动词 did。【答案】did易错点 3 强调句型的误用1. It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.【错因分析】考生容易忽视强调句型的考查点，从而填入其他连接词。【试题解析】去掉 It was 和空格后仍然完整，据此判断此处为强调句型。句意：正是在我们回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是那么好。【参考答案】that强调句的两种基本句型1. Itis/was被强调部分that原句的剩余
26、部分被强调的部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的 it 在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语， it 本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用 It isthat；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态，则用 It was that。如果强调的主语为人也可以用 who 代替 that，强调的宾语为人也可以用 who 或 whom 代替 that。2. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词 do/does 或 did。有以下情况：(1)do
27、 用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句( 主语是第三人称单数改用 does)Do sit down.务必请坐。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必( 千万 )要小心啊！They do work hard at English. 他们对英语的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。(2)did 用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调He did do his homework yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。强调句的重点点击1
28、. 强调句的变式(一般疑问句形式，特殊疑问句形式和反意疑问句形式)句式基本特征：Is/Was it + 被强调部分+ that；或情态动词 +it+ be+被强调部分+ that句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that? 或特殊疑问词 +情态动词+it + be+被强调部分+ that句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that, isnt / wasnt it?2. 强调句型中的对等结构在强调句型中，有时强调，not but/not/rather than 等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。句式特征为：It is/was
29、notbutthat不是而是(that 后的动词与 but 后的名词或代词保持一致)It is/wasthat not 是 而不是It is /was not that是 而不是(that 后的动词应与 not 前的名词或代词保持一致)It is/wasrather thanthat是而不是(that 后的动词应与 rather than 前的名词或代词保持一致)1. It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. that B. when C. what D. which【答案】A【解析】此句为强调句型，由于句
30、中动词 be 采用了 might have been 这一复杂结构，所以许多同学们可能会看不出它是一个强调句型。2. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before【答案】D3. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.A. which B. it C. that D. this【答案】C【解析】考查强调句型，that 是强调句型的结构词，句意是重要的不是谁正确，而是什么是正确
31、的。4. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; thatC. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【答案】D【解析】本题考查 notuntil 结构的强调句式。在 notuntil 结构中，如果对 until 及其后面的部分进行强调，要将 not 一词提前，形成 It is/was not untilthat的结构注意尽管强调的是时间，但不可以用 when。5.
32、It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before【答案】B【解析】考查强调句中对 not until 的强调，是否能辨析出引导词 that.。6. _ the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.A. It was until B. Not untilC. Until D.
33、It was not until【答案】D【解析】考查强调句中 not until 的用法.考查了 It was not until the catastrophe happened that。7. Was it from the lake _ he often went fishing _ he saved the drowning girl?A. that; that B. where; whereC. where; that D. that; where【答案】C【解析】解答此题关键是能够对句型进行正确的分析和判断。本题题干为一个强调句式，it was +被强调部分+that/who，l
34、ake 后面是个定语从句，由关系副词 where 引导，第二空才是强调句中的that。8. I really dont know _ I had my money stolen.A. when was it that B. that it was whenC. where it was that D. it was where that【答案】C9. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A. do devote B. dont devoteC. devoting D. not devoting【答案】A【解
35、析】此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词 do，故选 A。句意：如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。1. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】did【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until 放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词 realize，故要用助动词 did 并提到主语前面。 2. It took years of work (reduce) industrial polluti
36、on and clean the water.【答案】to reduce【解析】考查固定表达。句意：减少工业污染和净化污水需要多年的工作。这里是固定句式 It takes (sb.)some time to do sth 做某事花费( 某人)多长时间，故要用动词不定式 to reduce。3. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well strong.【答案】as【解析】考查固定表达。句意：它要求你表现的像水一样灵活又有力。as well as 和一样。4. The (hard) you try to beat him, the
37、more likely you will get hit.【答案】harder【解析】考查固定表达。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为the比较级主谓，the比较级主谓的句型，表示越就越。5. Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much too little.【答案】nor【解析】考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither .nor 既不也不。6. They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot
38、potato.【答案】as7. He loved the 4th wife the most. He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best.【答案】but【解析】考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but 只，仅仅。8. And Id like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks, like Americans?【答案】Why【解析】考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达
39、why not.为什么不呢？9. So long as we have some, thats enough. And we can learn to spend money.【答案】how【解析】考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn 后面跟的是疑问词to do结构。10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.【答案】that【解析】考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so.that.结
40、构。11. No. And thats not all. The bus was one hour late. Worse , it picked up passengers on the way to our destination.【答案】still【解析】考查固定表达。worse still 更糟糕的是。12. Its unnecessary and its not important at all. We neednt care about it. It is ones inner beauty matters.【答案】that13. Yes, but it is not as eas
41、y you imagine.【答案】as【解析】考查固定表达。not as.as 与不一样。14. Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, or plastic, and they may be round or square.【答案】either【解析】考查固定表达。它们可能是圆形的也可能是方形的。either.or.或者或者。15. Radio has changed a lot since we were young. It used be t
42、he major source of fun for the family.【答案】to【解析】考查固定表达。used to do sth.过去常常做某事。收音机过去是家庭获得乐趣的主要方式，但现在已经不是了。 16. Tom: Yes. I think the underground is the most convenient way to travel in London.Mary: I think , too.【答案】so【解析】考查固定表达。I think so, too.我也是这么想的。17. Smoking not only does harm to their health t
43、o others.【答案】but (also)【解析】考查固定表达。抽烟不仅对自己的健康也对别人的健康有害。not only.but (also).不仅，而且。18. Caroline: I think it was interesting. Joyce: do I. I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year.【答案】So【解析】考查固定表达。So do I. 我也认为如此。19. To be honest, I really cant understand how people depend on t
44、hat way to make friends. Its kind of risky.【答案】come【解析】考查固定表达。我不理解人们怎么依靠这种方式来交朋友。how come 为什么，怎么会(那样) 。20. As far as I (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach.【答案】am concerned【解析】考查固定表达。as far as . be concerned 就而言，根据主谓一致的原
45、则可知要用 am concerned。21. The more he thought about it, the (angry) he became and soon he noticed the boy became angry too.【答案】angrier【解析】考查固定表达。他越想就越生气。the比较级主谓，the比较级主谓越越。22. We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, for the week after.【答案】but23. I can understand why I shouldnt p
46、ay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?【答案】why【解析】考查固定表达。why not do sth.?用来询问原因( 有时表示一种不可理解的心情)，意为为什么；为什么不呢。 24. Although it costs more to produce a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years.【答案】than【解析】考查比较结构。虽然它的生产成本比一个典型的英式足球更贵。more.than.比更。25. Where did you come across our Chinese teacher? It was in the supermarket I purchased moon cakes.【答案】where欢迎访问“高中试卷_
