1、动词不定式的常考点归纳一、不定式的时态和语态主 动 被 动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing /Eg. 1.I happened to have seen the film.2.AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few year. 主动的形式表示被动:句中存在不定式的逻
2、辑主语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系：eg.) The master gave his dog a few bones to eat. I have a lot of papers to type.(比较:I am free now. Do you have any papers to be typed?) 在“形容词 +不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系 ,那么不定式多用主动语态.常见形容词：hard, difficult, easy, fit, cheap, expensive, interesting, etc.Eg.) The water is fit to drink
3、.The couch is comfortable to sit on.=It is comfortable to sit on the couch. 在 there be 结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义 .Eg.) There is always much work to do in the house.下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。He is not to blame. 他不该受责备。 二、不定式的否定式其基本形式是 not to do, not 必须置于整个不定式结构之前。The patien
4、t was warned not to eat only food after the operation.三、不定式的省略与保留1. 在 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面的不定式符号 to 通常被省略。如:eg.) Youd better tell her the truth.2. 动词不定式短语作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语，且介词之前有动词 do 或其它形式时，不定式符号 to 通常被省略。Eg.) What do you like to do besi
5、des swim?My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.3在某些感官动词或使役动词（如：hear，listen to ， notice，observe ， see， watch， make 等）之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中，不定式符号 to 总是被省略， 但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号 to 通常保留。Eg.) They made that man work all the morning.That man
6、was made to work all the morning.4.为了避免重复，在 hope， wish， want， like， love，decide ， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to 等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号 to，而把其它部分省略。Eg.) Ms King lied to us because she had to.5.当不定式在 ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, f
7、orce, invite, beg 等动词后面充当宾语补足语时, 为了避免重复 , 常保留不定式符号 to，而把后面的动词省略.eg.) She wants to come , but her parents wont allow her to.If he doesnt want to go there, dont force him to.He didnt come, though we had invited him to.四、不定式的句法功能1.作主语：动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语 it 作形式主语It is an honor to make a speech here.It m
8、eans failure to lose heart.常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)Eg.)Its necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.It is foolish of y
9、ou to make such a mistake.=You are foolish to make such a mistake.2.作表语：A.不定式一般紧跟在系动词如 be, seem, remain, appear 等后面,用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, function etc.eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。Eg.) To be strict with students
10、is to be responsible to them.What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.B.动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别:动名词表示的动作较抽象、或是习惯性的, 而不定式表示某次具体的动作.Eg.)My job is typing papers. My job now is to type these papers.3.作宾语：A. 动词+ to 不定式常见动词: hope, wish, long, want, refuse, pretend, promise, agree, aim, decide, expect, offer,
11、 fail, plan, learn, manage, intend, desire, etc.eg.) I longed to become an artist.He helped (to) bring up the orphan.B.动词 +(间接宾语 )+疑问词+ to 不定式常见动词: know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, understand, find out, etc.eg.) I dont know what to say to comfort her.The farmer showed us how to milk the cow.C.
12、动词 + it+宾语补足语+( for sb.)+ to 不定式：常见动词:find, consider, think, make, feel, etc.eg.) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.I think it important for you to recite some English articles.4.作宾语补足语：动词/动词词组+宾语+to 不定式常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, pers
13、uade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.They are waiting for the school bus to come.5.作定语：(考点集中在动词不定式与被修饰词的逻辑关系的判断上)A.与被修饰名词构成动宾关系：Eg.) I have a meeting to attend.He found a good house to live in. (如果不
14、定式是 vi，其后应有适当的介词.)如果不定式修饰 time, place, way，可以省略介词：eg.)He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.注意如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式就用被动语态表示。比较:I am going to the post office, for I have a letter to post.I am going to the post office, do you have any letter to be posted?B. 与被修饰名词构成主谓关系
15、：Eg.)He is the right person to do that job.He is the first to get here.注意不定式+介词修饰名词也可以转换成介词+ 关系代词（whom 或 which）+不定式。Eg.) Mary is a nice companion to travel with.Mary is a nice companion with whom to travel.I got a piece of paper to write on.I got a piece of paper on which to write.6.作状语：A.表目的：注意不定式逻
16、辑主语与句子主语要一致：To save money, every means has been tried. ()To save money, he has tried every means. ()B.表结果：A .动词不定式与 only 连用时，表示出乎意料的结果。Eg.)I visited him only to find him out.B. .tooto结构Eg.)Its too dark for us to see anything.The question is too simple for him to answer.注：对少数几个表示心情或倾向的形容词，如：glad, rea
17、dy, pleased, willing, anxious, happy, satisfied, etc.用于 tooto结构时表示肯定意义。eg.)They were too anxious to leave.I am only/but too glad to do you the favorC.表原因：Eg.)They were very excited to hear the news that their team had won the game.7.作插入语和同位语：常见插入语:to tell (you) the truth/to be frank; truth to tell 实
18、不相瞒;to start/begin with; to conclude; to make matter worse; to be more exact 确切地讲;to make a long story short 长话短说，简而言之;to be fair 公平地说，凭心而论;to be sure 肯定地.Exercise :1.-I lost my bike！-You were silly _(没有锁车) it. (lock)2.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to shout _(为了被听见 ).（hear
19、）3. When his mother came in, he pretended _(在看书). (read)4.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, Who was reported _(打破世界记录) in the 110-meter hurdle race. (break)5、 Id rather read than watch television, the programs seem _ _(在变得越来越差劲)all the time.(get) 6.The raw materials have been store
20、d in the factory, waiting_(等待使用).(use)7._(收集信息)is to do a lot of research. (collect)8.Our purpose of holding the discussion is _(促进友谊)between classmates. (promote)9._(是否把房子卖了)or to keep it still remains a question to her. (sell)10.The mother didnt know _(责怪谁)for the broken glass as it happened while
21、 she was out. (blame)11.There are five pairs _(从中选择)，but Im at a loss which to buy. (choose)and the last to leave.(come)12._(最后一个到的人)pays the meal. (arrive)Agreed!13.Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-olde boy, saying that he was not the one _(受谴责). (blame)14. _(保证)the safety of gas, the g
22、overnment has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.(ensure)15He tried many times to cheat in the exams, only_(结果被抓住)each time.(catch)16. He cannot help but_(向他的父母求助 )every time he is in trouble.(turn)17.You have to put in some extra work at night if you _(不想落后) .(leave)18. The singer took
23、up acting_(不辜负)his fans expectation.(live)19. Unbelievably, John_(据说去过)over 30 countries in his life.(say)20. The problem _(讨论)at the next meeting is of great important.(discuss)21. The teacher requires our exercise books_(上交) immediately.(hand)22. I like getting up very early in summer. The monthly
24、 air is so good_ _(呼吸).(breathe)23._(有待证实)whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain)24. Quite beyond me is _(怎样解决问题).(solve)25.After she completes the project, she will have _(没什么担心的).(worry)26.When preparing for exams, perseverance and efficiency are what it takes_ _(得高分).(achieve)2
25、7.Jim was late again._(这就是他一贯的风格)keep others waiting.(typical)28.I find _(与那些人相处困难 )who always stick to their own opinion.(get)29. Many people seem to overlook the basic fact: the major function of clothing is _ _(保持我们舒适).(keep)30. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one_(修理)first is
26、the library.(repair)不定式答案1. not to have locked 2. in order to be heard3. to be reading.4. to have broken the world record5. to be getting worse 6. to be used 7. To collect information 8. to promote the friendship9. whether to sell the/her house 10. who to blame11. to choose from 12. The last one to
27、arrive13. to blame14. To ensure 15. to be caught16. turn to his parents 17. dont want to be left behind18. to live up to19. is said to have been to20. to be discussed21. to be handed in 22. to breathe23. it remains to be seen24. how to solve the problem25. nothing to worry about 26. achieve good grades27. it is typical of him to28. it hard to get along with those 29. to keep us comfortable30. to be repaired
