1、1Unit ThreeMoney and HappinessSection ACan Money Buy Happiness?PART I Background Information1. Catherine Sanderson Catherine Sanderson graduated from Stanford University in 1990 and went on to Princeton, where she received her Ph.D. in psychology in 1997. Her research focuses on health psychology, c
2、lose relationships and sports psychology. In particular, she studies college-age students to find out how they perceive and misperceive social norms. She not only chairs the psychology department; she also teaches aerobics, serves on the local school committee and is the mother of three young childr
3、en.2. Daniel Gilbert Born in，Daniel Gilbert is a Professor of Psychology at who received his in froms. He is a who is known for his research (with of the) on, with a special emphasis on such as the. He is the author of the international bestseller, which won the 2007.Gilbert has won numerous awards
4、for his teaching and research, including the Harvard College Professorship, the Teaching Prize, a, and thes Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology. His essays have appeared in, , , , and others. His short stories have appeared in and, as well as other magazines
5、 and anthologies.3. is one of Daniel Gilberts most famous works. Using cutting-edge research, much of it original, Gilbert shakes, cajoles, persuades, tricks, and jokes us into accepting the fact that happiness is not really what or where we thought it was. Smart, witty, accessible, and laugh-out-lo
6、ud funny, Stumbling on Happiness brilliantly describes all that science has to tell us about the uniquely human endeavor to envision the future, and how likely we are to enjoy it when we get there.4. National Opinion Research CenterNORC, known since its founding in 1941 as the National Opinion Resea
7、rch Center, has headquarters on the University of Chicagos campus, and offices in Chicagos downtown Loop, Washington, DC, Bethesda, Maryland, and Berkeley, California, as well as a field staff that operates nationwide. NORCs clients include government agencies, educational institutions, foundations,
8、 other nonprofit organizations, and private corporations. Although NORCs national studies are its most well-known, its projects range from local to regional and international.NORC creates unique value for its clients by developing effective, innovative solutions that combine state-of-the-art technol
9、ogy with high quality social science research in the public interest.NORCs project work is interdisciplinary, with strong staff cooperation across substantive and operational areas. NORC is an equal opportunity employer, committed to facilitating the personal and professional development of everyone
10、 on its staff.2PART II Language Study1. Over the past quarter-century, economists and psychologists have banded together to sort out the hows, whys and why nots of money and happiness. (Para. 1)In the past 25 years, economists and psychologists have worked together to find the answers to the questio
11、ns regarding money and happiness: How can money bring us happiness? Why can / cant money bring us happiness？band: vi. uinte in order to achieve something 团结，联合 The various opposition groups have banded together to form a single party.各反对派已联合起来结成一个政党。We should band together against a common enemy.我们应
12、该联合起来共同对敌。vt. put a strip on 用带绑扎，给 装上箍 Surgeon Horne banded a meal strip around the knee cap to help it knit back together.霍恩医生在膝盖骨上加了一个金属箍以帮助其愈合。The girl banded her hair in order to cool herself off.那个女孩把头发扎起来，以便能凉快些。n. C1) flat, thin strip or loop of paper, metal, cloth, etc., put round something
13、 esp. to hold or decorate it (纸、金属、布等的)箍，带 Wearing a band round her hair, she looks quite pretty. 她头发上带着发箍，看起来很漂亮。It was a treasure chest with the bands of black metal round it.这是一个用黑色金属镶边的宝盒。2) group of people who do something together, or who share a particular feature or interest一群，一队，一帮，一伙 a ban
14、d of outlaws 一伙亡命之徒a growing band of enthusiasts 不断壮大的一群热心人 Bands of plain criminals have been roaming some neighborhoods.多伙十足的犯罪分子一直在附近地区游荡。3) group of esp. non-classical musicians (尤指演奏非古典音乐的 )乐队During the intervals the band played popular pieces.间休的时候，乐队演奏了几曲流行乐。In 1980s, Cui Jian organized his o
15、wn rock and roll band and attracted much attention.20 世纪 80 年代，崔健组织起自己的摇滚乐队，吸引了很多人的注意。sort out: 1) find an answer to a problem or mystery 解决（问题）；弄清（谜团）Investigators are still trying to sort out why the accident happened. 调查人员仍在努力弄清事故发生的原因。Ill leave you to sort this problem out. 我把这个问题交给你处理。2) put so
16、mething in good order 整理；清理3I need to sort out the mess on my desk. 我得把我书桌上乱糟糟的东西整理一下。Ive managed to sort the newspapers out. 我设法把报纸整理出来了。Note: In this sentence, “hows”, “whys” and “why nots” are used as noun forms, meaning “the way something can be done and the reason for it”. 2. Why doesnt buying
17、the car, house or cell phone of your dreams bring you more than momentary joy? (Para. 1)Why does buying the car, house or cell phone you really want bring you only short-time joy?momentary: a. lasting for only a very short time 片刻的，短暂的，瞬息的a momentary pause / interruption / success 短暂的停顿 / 中断 / 成功A m
18、omentary lapse of concentration may lead to disaster.片刻的走神都会酿成大祸。3. In attempting to answer these seemingly depressing questions, the new scholars of happiness have arrived at some insights that are, well, completely cheery. (Para. 2)While trying to answer these questions which seem to be discouragi
19、ng, the new scholars of happiness have arrived at some conclusions which are completely cheerful.seemingly: ad. in a way that appears to have a particular quality, even though this is probably not true 表面上，看上去Heidi was seemingly calm when she left to take the test.海迪离开去参加考试时看上去很平静。There is seemingly
20、 nothing we can do to stop the plan going ahead.看样子我们无法阻止该计划的实施。 4. Much of the research suggests that seeking the good life at a store is an expensive exercise in futility. (Para. 2)Much of the research shows that trying to find happiness by means of buying things is an expensive action that cant b
21、e helpful.seek: v. look for, try to find or obtain 寻找；设法得到We sought long and hard but found no answer.我们费力多时也未找到答案。He is still seeking (for) solutions to current problems.他还在寻找对目前问题的解决办法。Many students go abroad to seek their fortune after graduation. 很多学生毕业后到国外去寻求成功的机会。We are actively seeking employ
22、ment in spite of difficulities.尽管很困难，我们仍在积极地寻找就业机会。vt. ask somebody for something 向某人寻求某事You must seek permission from the manager.你必须请求经理批准。My classmates sometimes seek my hand to write some term papers. 我同学有时会寻求我的帮助, 写一些学期论文。futility：n. U lack of purpose, importance, or effectiveness; uselessness
23、无益，无效，无用His efforts were accompanied by a sense of futility and doubt.4他的努力给人一种无用且可疑的感觉。Everyone must know the injustice and futility of terrorism.每个人都必须了解恐怖主义的非正义性和无效性。5. pursue (Para. 2): vt. 1) follow or engage in (study or other activity) 追求，从事（研究或其他活动）She decided to pursue her studies after obt
24、aining her bachelors degree. 她决定在获得学士学位后继续深造。We are working together to pursue a common goal. 我们正在为实现共同的目标而一起努力。2) follow with intent to overtake, capture, or do harm to 追赶，追捕The policemen pursued him a good distance before they caught him.警察们追了他好一阵才抓到他。Foxes, wild cats and other animals pursue the
25、hare.狐狸、野猫及其他一些动物都捕食野兔。 The police is pursuing the stolen vehicle along the motorway. 警察正在高速公路上追赶被盗的车辆。6. psychology (Para. 3): n. U 1) the study of the human mind 心理学 Child psychology is his major. 他主修儿童心理学。 John Lambie is a lecturer in psychology.约翰兰比是一名心理学讲师。 2) mental characteristics etc. of a p
26、erson or group (人的)心理；心理特点A good teacher understands the psychology of the students.好的老师了解学生的心理。These arguments do not take into account the psychology of the ordinary soldier, like his close bond with a “buddy”.这些论点没有将普通士兵的心理因素考虑进去，例如他和一个“哥们儿”的亲密关系。7. The more you have, the less effective it is at
27、bringing you joy, and that seeming paradox has long bedeviled economists. (Para. 3)The more money you have, the less effective it is at bringing you happiness, and that seemingly absurd or contradictory statement has confused economists for a long time.paradox: n. C 1) seemingly absurd or contradict
28、ory though often true statement 似荒谬矛盾但常正确的说法 “More haste, less speed” is a well known paradox. “欲速则不达”是人们熟知的隽语。Its a paradox that a cup of hot tea does seem to cool you down. 真不可思议，喝杯热茶的确会使你觉得凉快一些。2) self-contradictory or absurd statement 自相矛盾（或荒谬）的说法Everyone at the meeting thought the chairmans spe
29、ech is completely a paradox.会上的每个人都认为主席的演讲自相矛盾。The audience took this for a joke or a paradox.听众把这视为笑话或自相矛盾的话。53) person, thing or situation having contradictory qualities etc. 有矛盾特性的人（或物）It is a paradox that such a rich country should have so many poor people living in it.富足的国家竟有这么多的穷人，这是个矛盾的现实。Dea
30、th itself is a paradox, the end yet the beginning.死亡本身就是矛盾的，它既是结束又是开始。bedevil: vt. confuse, annoy, or cause problems or difficulties for someone or something 使困惑，使烦恼，困扰The working efficiency has long bedeviled the management.长期以来工作效率问题一直困扰着管理方。This difficult question has been bedeviling me for some
31、time. 那个难题已困扰我多时。The team has been bedeviled by injury. 伤病满营使球队陷入了困境。8. Once you get basic human needs met, a lot more money doesnt make a lot more happiness. (Para. 3)Once your basic human needs are met, a lot more money can no longer bring you a lot more happiness.9. stumble (Para. 3): vi. 1）hit o
32、nes foot against something while moving along and start to fall 绊脚，绊跌，绊了一下 On his morning run, Mark stumbled over a fallen tree and hurt his ankle.晨跑时，马克绊在了一棵躺倒的树上，伤了脚踝。He stumbled on a stone while running to school yesterday.昨天跑步上学时他在石头上绊了一下。2) walk unsteadily 蹒跚而行，踉跄 I stumbled upstairs and droppe
33、d into bed. 我踉跄地爬上楼梯，立刻便倒在床上。Hundreds of refugees stumbled wearily along the road. 好几百难民疲惫地在路上踉跄而行。3) stop and / or make mistakes in speaking or reading aloud (说话时)结巴；说错He was embarrassed, stumbling over the words. 他很窘迫，说话吞吞吐吐的。Somehow he stumbled through his speech and sat down with great relief.他总
34、算结结巴巴地讲完了话，随后如释重负地坐了下来。10. overestimate (Para. 4): vt. form too high an estimate of 过高估计 I overestimated the amount of milk wed need for the weekend. 我过高估计了我们周末的用奶量。You should neither overestimate, nor underestimate yourself.你不应高估自己，也不应低估自己。11. Humans are adaptable creatures, which has been a plus d
35、uring assorted ice ages, plagues and wars. (Para. 4)Human beings have a strong ability to adapt to the new environment. This is a big advantage during various ice ages, plagues and wars.adaptable: a. able to adapt oneself / itself 能适应的；适应性强的6We need adaptable workers who are willing to learn new ski
36、lls. 我们需要愿意学习新技能、适应力强的工人。I am sure shell cope with the changes very well; shes very adaptable.我肯定她会非常妥善地对付各种变化，她的适应能力很强。plus: n. C positive quality; advantage 正面因素；好处Her knowledge of French is a plus in her job.她会法语，这对她工作很有好处。There are various pluses in taking this job.做这份工作有种种好处。 assorted: a. of va
37、rious sorts, mixed 各种各样的，几种混杂在一起的The meat is served with salad or assorted vegetable.端上的肉配有色拉或什锦菜。It should be a great week, with overnight stops in assorted hotels in the West Highlands.那一周会很开心，晚上可以在西部高地的各式旅馆里过夜。plague: n. C 1) any serious disease that spreads quickly to a lot of people and usually
38、 ends in death 瘟疫；传染病 She published a history of the plagues which swept across Europe.她出版了一本记录几次席卷欧洲的瘟疫的书。The plague of H1N1 brings much trouble to Mexico.甲型流感给墨西哥带来很多麻烦。2) (sing.) something that is very common and harmful 普遍的祸害 the plague of violence in America today 当今美国普遍存在的暴力危害 Last year there
39、was a plague of robbery and housebreaking.去年抢劫和入室盗窃成灾。vt. 1) (colloq.) pester, annoy 纠缠；使烦恼 be plagued to death 烦得要死 Hes been plaguing me for an answer he called again today.他总缠着我给他个答复今天他又打电话了。2) afflict, hinder 使染瘟疫；折磨；妨碍a construction schedule plagued by bad weather 因天气恶劣受阻的工程进度Although plagued by
40、 failing eyesight, he continues to lecture. 虽然遭受着视力下降之苦，他还是继续讲课。12. But thats also why youre never all that satisfied for long when good fortune comes your way. (Para. 4)But thats also the very reason why you are never quite satisfied for long when you become rich.fortune: n. 1) C (usu. sing.) very
41、large amount of money 大笔的钱Mike has inherited a considerable personal fortune from his uncle. 迈克从他叔叔那里继承了相当大一笔个人财产。Henry Ford made his fortune with the Model T. 亨利福特依靠 T 型车发了大财。72) U (good or bad) luck（好的或坏的）运气By a stroke of fortune, he won the competition. 他靠运气在竞赛中获胜。I had the good fortune to be cho
42、sen for a trip abroad.我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。3) C (usu. pl.) luck that befalls a person or enterprise (降临到某人或某企业头上的)运气，时运 The new board will work to restore the companys fortunes. 新董事会将着手恢复公司的时运。The partys fortunes were at their lowest level after the election defeat. 该党在竞选失败后每况愈下。come ones way: become availa
43、ble to someone （机会等）降临；来到An opportunity like that doesnt often come my way.这样的机会可不常落在我头上。If you work hard, a pay rise will come your way in time.如果你努力工作，就会及时涨工资。 13. wealth (Para. 4): n. U 1) riches 财富，钱财 They used some of their wealth to build magnificent town halls. 他们拿出部分钱财来建造富丽堂皇的市政厅。Nobody knew
44、 how she had acquired her wealth. 谁也不知道她的财产是怎么来的。2) state of being rich 富有，富裕He had an obsession with power and wealth.他对权力和财富十分着迷。Economic growth creates both wealth and poverty.经济增长既创造了财富，也带来了贫穷。14. But you soon get used to them, a state of running in place that economists call the “hedonic treadm
45、ill.” (Para. 4)But you soon get used to the new cars and house you bought and want more, and this is a state that economists call the “hedonic treadmill”, which means people will pursue material pleasure constantly like running on a treadmill.Note: Here the author used a figure of speech called anal
46、ogy. “Hedonic treadmill” here is compared to peoples endless pursuit of material pleasure without further satisfaction. Examples:Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。In rivers the water that you touch is the last of that has passed and the first of th
47、at which comes: so with time present.你在河流中感触到的水，既是最后的逝者，又是最先的来者；眼前光阴亦是如此。in place: 1) without leaving the position you are in 在原地We had to run in place for five minutes.我们只好在原地跑了 5 分钟。8She does ten minutes of running in place.她在原地跑了 10 分钟。2) in the usual or proper position 在平常的或应在的地方She likes everyt
48、hing to be in place before she starts work.她喜欢让一切井井有条后再开始工作。The books were in place on the shelves.书架上的书都摆放在原来的位置。3) suitable or appreciate 合适的；恰当的A little gratitude would be in place.应当略表谢意。Your suggestion is quite in place.你的建议很合时宜。15. When your new car loses its ability to make your heart go pitt
49、er-patter, he says, you tend to draw the wrong conclusions. (Para. 5)When your new car no longer excites you, he says, you tend to arrive at the wrong conclusions.pitter-patter: adv. with a sound of quick light beats or steps劈劈啪啪地；Her heart went pitter-patter when she saw that handsome boy she fancied. 当看到她心爱的英俊男孩时，她的心扑通扑通狂跳不止。The rain fell pitter-patter against the window.雨点噼噼啪啪地打在窗子上面。16. Instead of questioning the notion that you can buy happiness on the car lot, you begin to question your choice of car. (Para. 5)You wont ques
