1、量子奇境 Quantum Wonderland,“I cant believe that!” said Alice. “Cant you?” the Queen. “Try again: draw a long breath and shut your eyes.” Alice laughed. “Theres no use trying,” she said: “one cant believe impossible things.”,人是一種探索的動物。本能地期盼遠離自己熟悉的東西，去追求未知的嶄新的世界！,不安於室,TO DREAM THE IMPOSSIBLE DREAM做不可能的夢T
2、O FIGHT THE UNBEATABLE FOE打不可能的仗TO BEAR WITH UNBEARABLE SORROW忍不能忍的悲.TO REACH THE UNREACHABLE STAR伸向不可觸及的星THIS IS MY QUEST這是我的追尋TO FOLLOW THAT STAR追尋那顆明星NO MATTER HOW HOPELESS無論多麼無望NO MATTER HOW FAR無論多麼遙遠.TO REACH THE UNREACHABLE STAR伸向不可觸及的星,Galileo Galilei (1564-1642),1,500 galaxies,Hubble Ultra D
3、eep Field 2003,10,000 galaxies, looking back approximately 13 billion years,NGC 7049, 145 million light year away,1,500 galaxies,Cluster Collision: Five billion light-years away MACS J0717,First documented merger involving four galaxy clusters,One of the clusters in MACS J0717 is racing through the
4、system at approximately 3,000 kilometers (2,000 miles) per second. The entire structure is several million light-years acrossfor comparison, our Milky Way Galaxy is approximately 100,000 light-years in diameter,To see a world in a grain of sand 一沙一世界And a heaven in a wild flower, 一花一天堂Hold infinity
5、in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.,William Blake British Poet 1757-1827,一沙一世界,自然的平常的世界是否真如我們所看到的那樣？亦或我們所見只是一個假象？如果如此，那假象背後的更豐富的真實又是甚麼？,自然的平常的世界是否真如我們所看到的那樣？亦或我們所見只是一個假象？如果如此，那假象背後的真實又是甚麼？,What is the world made of?What holds it together?,Fundamental Constituent StructureOf the material
6、 nature,這個問題一開始是以另一個方式來問的！,早期希臘思想家認為自然現象可以用物質的四種基本組成成分來解釋：空氣，水，火，土。這跟我國古代的五行非常相似。將複雜多樣的世界簡化為四種物質，這是非常偉大的突破。,到了西元前五世紀，Leucippus 和Democritus 提倡所有物質都是由微小而永恆不可分割的粒子組成，他們叫這粒子Atom原子.“在這世界上，可以看到顏色，可以聞到氣味，可以嘗到甜味，可是真實存在的只有原子和空間。”,John Dalton 1766-1844,元素是由微小的粒子:原子所構成。同一元素的原子完全相同。 不同的元素之構成原子不同，具有不同的質量。元素可以構成化
7、合物，化合物的分子是由元素的原子以整數比例組成。,當兩個元素組成化合物時，固定其中一個元素重時，另一元素的重量比例一定是整數比。CO or CO2, but not CO1.3,現代的原子論從化學反應的觀察開始：,John Daltons A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808).,John Dalton 1766-1844,不同的元素之構成原子不同，具有不同的質量。,元素可以構成化合物，化合物的分子是由元素的原子以整數比例組成。,將原子的想法運用於物理的動力計算,-,The more energetic the bullet, the closer
8、 you get inside the target!,夸克 Quark 1960s,And if the protons and neutrons were a centimeter in diameter; Then the electrons and quarks would be less than the diameter of a hair; and The entire atoms diameter would be greater than the length of 30 football fields!,在日常生活的物質內，就有一個如宇宙般廣大的量子世界！,如果量子的世界只
9、是一層又一層更細微的翻版，那就沒有太大的意思。,柳暗花明又一村,每一層都有驚人的發現。,如一個旅程,Quantum Wonderland,“I cant believe that!” said Alice. “Cant you?” the Queen. “Try again: draw a long breath and shut your eyes.” Alice laughed. “Theres no use trying,” she said: “one cant believe impossible things.” “I dare say you havent had much practice,” said the Queen. “When I was your age, I always did it for half-an-hour a day. Why, sometimes Ive believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast” (Lewis 127).,
