1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8,Meeting your ancestors,Unit 5,Section Using Language,Unit 5,词汇过关1_(n)意义；意思；重要性；重要意义_(adj)重大的；重要的2_(adv)以方式；不知怎么地3_(vt) 吐出(唾液、食物等)；(vi)吐痰4_(vt)删；删除5_(n)(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠；(vt)搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏,significance significantsomehowspitdeletescratch,kindergartenradioactivedivisiondivideap
2、plaudacceleratearrestskilful/skillfulskillskilfully/skillfully,短语自查1_ 由于；因为2_ 代表3_ 查阅；参考；谈到4_ 轮流做某事5_ 受够了；饱受；厌烦6_ 担心；烦恼7_ 但愿；要是就好了8_ 向前看；为将来打算9_ 时而；不时地10_ 追溯到,due toon behalf ofrefer totake turns to do sthfed up withbe worried aboutif onlylook aheadnow and thendate back to/from,经典句式1If only she _ ah
3、ead and _ better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。2_ wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。,3Abruptly she sat down, _ by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna突然间她坐了下来，
4、但又被她那又笑又喊的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。答案：1had looked；planned2Having heard3only to be scooped up,语篇理解Choose the best answers according to the text1This text is mainly an imaginative story about a family feast of _Aa boyBa manCa girl of the earliest peopleDa modern girl,2From the first paragraph, we can learn that the
5、 family groups mainly lived on _AfishBhuntingCcrops Dfarming3Lalas guests came to _AdanceBtalk about an important thingCenjoy a feastDsee Lala,4Dahu went out to sharpen the scrapers to_Akill an enemyBuse them as weaponsCcut up the meatDcut stones5From the text we can infer that family groups _Alived
6、 togetherBlived far awayClived in the same caveDlived separately答案：15CBCCD,1applaud vi& vt鼓掌欢迎；赞赏They kept applauding long after the curtain came down落幕之后，他们仍长时间鼓掌。The audience warmly applauded the performers观众向演员们热烈鼓掌。They applauded him for his courage他们因他的勇气而称赞他。注意：applaud sb/sth向某人/某事鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏app
7、laud sbfor sth因某事赞赏某人,知识拓展applause n鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖；赞扬win the applause of.赢得的掌声There was continued applause掌声经久不息。The audience broke into rapturous applause听众中爆发出一片欢呼喝彩声。His good conduct deserves applause他的优良品行值得称赞。His speech won the applause of the audience他的讲话赢得了听众的掌声。,活学活用(1)补全句子People all_ _ _ _ _ (称赞他
8、的勇敢)The audience all stood up and _ _ _ (为那位演讲者鼓掌)答案：applauded him for his braveryapplauded the speaker,(2)选词填空(accept/applaud)When the space heroes came out of the capsule, all the viewers _ them in delight答案：applauded句意为“当太空英雄从太空舱中走出来时，所有的观众都高兴地鼓起掌来表示欢迎”。故填applaud。,2accelerate vi& vt加速；促进The car a
9、ccelerated on the downhill road汽车在下山的路上加速行驶。She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。The new policy accelerated the fall of the government新政策的出台加速了该政府的倒台。,知识拓展acceleration n加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速能力；加速度accelerator n(汽车的)油门；加速器It captures a fivesecond history of speed, acceleration a
10、nd braking它能记录5秒钟内汽车的速度、加速和刹车情况。The driver pressed on the accelerator, savagely roaring the engine司机踩下油门踏板，引擎轰鸣。,活学活用(1)完成句子The local government has taken measures_ _ _ _ _ _ _(加快经济增长的速度)(2)用恰当形式填空He made up his mind_(accelerate)his advertising regardless of others objection答案：(1)to accelerate the r
11、ate of economic growth(2)to accelerate,3arrest vt逮捕；吸引n逮捕；拘留He got arrested for robbing他因抢劫被逮捕。He was arrested for causing a serious car accident他因造成严重车祸而被逮捕。An unusual noise arrested my attention一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了我的注意。The police made several arrests during the football match警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。,知识拓展arrest sbfo
12、r因而逮捕某人get arrested 被逮捕arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意under arrest 在关押中make an arrest 进行拘捕,活学活用(1)补全句子灿烂的灯光吸引了这个男孩的注意力。The bright lights _ _ _ _答案：arrested the boys attention(2)用恰当词语填空The agent was arrested_using a false passport答案：for句意：那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。arrest“逮捕”，be arrested for.“因而被捕”。,4skilful adj有技
13、巧的；熟练的If he was a more skilful player, he would have scored more points如果他是一个更有技巧的表演者，那他将获得更多分。知识拓展be skilful at (doing)sth擅长(做)某事skilfully adv熟练地She is quite skilful at dealing with difficult customers她擅长对付苛刻的顾客。,比较网站skilful, skilledLindas father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skilful at r
14、epairing bicycles too琳达的父亲是个技术娴熟的机械师，因而她很会修理自行车。,答案：(1)skilful(2)Skilled(3)skilled(4)skilful,1look ahead 向前看；为将来打算Look aheadWhat can you see on the top of the hill?向前看，你看见山顶上有什么东西？Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past青年人常思将来，老年人常思既往。,知识拓展look down upon/o
15、n 看不起，歧视look forward to 盼望，期望look into 调查，研究look through 温习，仔细检查，浏览look up 查阅look up to 尊敬，敬仰,The government will look into how to reduce unemployment rate政府将研究如何降低失业率。My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直很尊敬他。,活学活用(1)用合适的look词组填空We should _ and sp
16、are a thought for future generationsMrSmith had taught for many years, and all students _ himYou should _ your notes before the examinationWell _ the matter first before coming to a decision答案：look aheadlook up tolook throughlook into,(2)补全句子_(向前看) and you will get a good chanceIm sure that you will
17、 make great progressThank you答案：Look ahead句意：“向前看，你会得到好机会。我相信你将取得很大的进步。”“谢谢。”look ahead“向前看；为将来打算”，符合题意。You should_ _ _ _ _ _ _(翻阅字典查查这个单词)答案：look up the word in a dictionary,2date back to.“追溯到，始于”，相当于date from。My family has a vase, which is said to date back to the Ming Dynasty我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。Tom
18、b Sweeping Day dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。,The cultural relic discovered lately dates from the Qing Dynasty最近发现的文物属于清朝。注意：date back to和date from常用一般现在时，而且无被动语态。,知识拓展up to date 最近的；跟上时代的out of date 过时的；废弃的Just like your antivirus, you have to keep your firewall up to date就
19、像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墙是最新的。All our information is kept right up to date on the computer我们贮存在计算机里的所有信息都跟得上时代的发展。The timetable is out of date这张时间表过期了。,活学活用(1)汉译英这座建筑是1823年所建。_答案：This building dates back to 1823(2)选词填空(date back to/date back)The traditional friendship between our two peoples _ ancient time
20、s答案：dates back to,(3)补全句子My interest in English _ _(追溯到)the time when I met a good English teacher in junior middle school答案：dates from,1Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步
21、回家了。worried about the preparations for her feast为过去分词短语作状语，用来描述主语的状态。,注意：有些动词或动词短语常用过去分词形式作状语，用来描述主语的状态。这些词有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。,活学活用(1)补全句子_ (精疲力竭), he lay on the grassHe turned away, _ (满意的)答案：Exhaustedsatisfied(2)用恰当形式填空_ (addict)to the Internet, he didnt s
22、tudy at all答案：Addicted句意：沉溺于网络，他一点也不学习了。be addicted to.“沉溺于”，addicted to为过去分词短语作状语，用以说明主语的状态。,2If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！if only.意为“要是就好了，但愿”，其后的句子常用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般过去时(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟)、过去将来时(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟)或过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟)。,If only
23、 my mother were with me now!要是我母亲现在和我在一起就好了！If only he would reply to my letter!要是他能给我回信就好了！注意：“If only句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是就好了，但愿”。,“if only.could/woulddo.”表示与将来事实相反的愿望。I dreamed the coming examsIf only I could have time to receive my lessons我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该多好啊。,“if only.did.”表示与目前或现在事实相反的
24、愿望。If only I had another chance要是我再有一次机会就好了。“if only.had done.”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only you had come to help us yesterday!你要是昨天来帮我们就好了！,活学活用(1)用if only或only if 填空_ we could afford to buy a car of our own_ you knew how hard Ive tried to please you_ the boss has given permission is a worker allowed to lea
25、ve the place答案：If onlyIf onlyOnly if,(2)用恰当形式填空Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ (follow)your advice答案：had followedif only表示“如果就好了”，表示与事实相反，条件意味强烈，其谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此句表示过去的动作，应选用过去完成时。,3Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there
26、might be wild beasts lying in wait for her听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。此句中多处用了现在分词。“Having heard wolves howling in the forest”为现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其中“howling in the forest”为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；而“fearing that.”在句中作伴随状语，其中that从句为动词fear的宾语；从句中的“lying in wait for her”为分词短语作后置定语修饰wild beasts。,Having finished
27、his report, Tom went to the playground to play basketball完成了他的报告，汤姆去操场打篮球了。I saw him talking with his teacher just now刚才我看见他正和他老师谈话。They walked on the road to the library, talking and laughing他们走在去图书馆的路上，说说笑笑。This is the dog barking just now这就是刚才叫唤的那只狗。,注意：现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它与主语之间构成主谓关系；现在分词作宾语补足语
28、，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)_ (fail)to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead答案：Having failed句意：我们没能与他们取得电话联系，所以我们发了一封电子邮件。因为分词动作是由句中主语we发出，并且该动作又发生在谓语动词sent之前，故要用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，相当于as we had failed to reach them on the phone。,(2)People sat together, _ (talk about)
29、another earthquake in Japan答案：talking about句意：人们坐在一起，谈论着发生在日本的又一次地震。从句意看，此处应为现在分词短语作伴随状语，所以填talking about。,4She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。句中“had done.when.”是一个常用句型，意为“(刚)做完了就在那时”。,when表示“就在那时”时，常见句式及意义如下
30、：,He was talking about his plans when suddenly the lights went off他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。I was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door我正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。We had hardly arrived when it began to snow我们刚到就开始下雨了。,活学活用(1)用恰当词语填空She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice
31、playing the piano yesterday答案：when句意：昨天，她刚一做完作业母亲就让她练习弹钢琴。sbhad just done sthwhen.“某人刚就”，when属于并列连词，前面的分句为when分句提供了时间背景。,(2)用恰当形式填空Jim_(watch)a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank答案：was watching句意：吉姆在家看一部午夜电影，看到中间一幕惊险的场景时，电视屏幕上突然一片空白。该题考查be
32、 doing.when.句式，意为“正在做就在这时(突然)”。从后面的动作went blank可知“看电影”发生在过去，并且是当吉姆正在看的时候，所以用过去进行时。,5He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening他选了一大块石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。(1)本句中and连接两个并列谓语；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词scraper。(2)句中needed sharpening中的sharpe
33、ning是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，英语中need，want，require等动词后可以接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。,The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned这所房子需要打扫一下。The sentence wants explaining/to be explained again这个句子需要再解释一遍。,知识拓展在英语表达当中有很多用的是主动形式，但表达的意义却是被动的，现总结如下：表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动含义。The mixtu
34、re tasted terrible这种混合物尝起来味道很不好。,表达事物行为、方式的动词open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of cloth washes well这种布料很好洗。The new door wont open新门打不开。“be形容词不定式”结构常表示被动含义。The problem is hard to solve这问题很难解决。,be on show, be on sale, be under discussion等表被动意义。Summer clothes are on sale夏装正在出售。“be
35、 worth doing”结构表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing这部电影值得一看。“不定式作后置定语”结构表示被动含义。Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？,活学活用用恰当形式填空Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs_ (do)to achieve the final success答案：doing/to be done句意：我们已经有了一个好的开始，不过要实现最后的成功，接下来还有很多工作要做。表达“某物需要被”时，可以用动词不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式，
36、即此处可用to be done或doing作宾语。,6Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna突然她坐了下来，结果被她的又笑又喊的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。本句中only to be scooped up.作结果状语，强调意想不到的结果。He woke up only to find everyone gone他醒了过来结果发现大家都走了。She returned home only to find that no one was at home她回到家，才发现家里没有一个
37、人。,比较网站不定式在句子中作结果状语，强调意料之外的结果，要注意不定式与句子主语的关系，是主谓关系的，用主动式，是被动关系的，用动词不定式的被动式；而ving形式在句子中作结果状语，强调自然的、必然的结果。The fire was too big and out of control, burning the whole building down火太大并失去了控制，把整座楼都烧倒了。,活学活用(1)补全句子The police hurried to the spot，_ _ _(结果发现)that the damaged car had been taken awayMany highwa
38、ys have been built in China, _ _ _ (使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another答案：only to findmaking it easier,(2)用恰当形式填空Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, only _ (find)the neighbors and the house that I used to be familiar with were gone答案：to find考查非谓语动词。句意：去年暑假，我回到了家乡结果发现过去我
39、熟悉的邻居和房子都不见了。only不定式表示意料不到的结果，填to find。,如何描述事物写作指导本单元的写作任务是对某物进行介绍，说明其外形、颜色、形状、用途等。在说的基础上落笔成文，这就是一种描写文。描写文(Description)是使叙述形象化的一种写作方法，就描写对象而言，描写可分为人物描写、景物描写、场面描写等；就描写的方式而言，描写可分为主观描写和客观描写。,所谓主观描写，就是在描述人或事物的特征或特性时，也可把自己对此人或此事的看法表现出来，从而激发读者的感情。客观描写是就事论事，是一种真实的报道，目的在于告诉不能亲眼看见描写对象的读者景物的真实情况。,描写文的写法多种多样，可
40、以先从具体描写某一事物开始，然后再泛写与之相关的其他事物。也可以先写不重要的事物，最后重点突出所要描写的事物。也可以按照事物所处的空间顺序，如前后左右等，来描述事物。要灵活运用各种修辞方法，根据需要恰当地运用比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法，使描述更生动、形象，更好地说明问题。写描写文应注意以下几个方面：1明确描写目的，描写只起修饰作用。2要抓住人或事的特点。3要充分发挥联想的能力，并采用一些比喻、拟人等修辞描写手段，从多方面表现事物的特征，唤起读者的想象。,常用句型Thought to be the worlds oldest., it has been discovered.It could b
41、e the first evidence of.It dates back to at least.It was constructed more than.It was first discovered.Large numbers of.have been discovered in.,The discovery of.was further evidence that.Further evidence that.came with the discovery of.The first sign of civilization in.dates back to around.It means
42、 that.It is generally considered/thought.The mystery of.remains unknown/uncertain.It is well preserved.,描述：171厘米高，三条腿，中间U形部分是酒杯，上有花纹，在一旁有一个柄用途：饮酒器具，是权力的象征意义：饮酒器外观十分漂亮，说明它已经经历了较长的发展过程；同时也说明了当时人们制作青铜器的高超工艺水平和较高的生活和文化水平。注意：1词数100左右；2开头已给出，可适当增加细节。参考词汇；爵Jue；器具vessel,写作词汇热身1被发现_2被用来_3权力的象征_答案：1be discove
43、red2be used to3a symbol of authority,It was used to drink during the Shang Dynasty and was a symbol of authorityThe vessel is very beautiful and smart It shows the high level skills at bronze craftsmanship of people at that timeIt also shows that the people had a fairly high standard of living and c
44、ulture of their own,名师点评1本文格式正确，结构合理，条理清楚。2文中多次运用定语从句，显示出作者对语言的较强驾驭能力。,单词拼写1The _ (放射性的) waste should be buried deeply under the ground2She is always accurate in _ (标点符号) and spelling3We all _ (赞成) you for your decision4The new method caught on and many peasants became very _ (熟练的) at it5Shes beginn
45、ing to get _ (皱纹) round her eyes,6The room was so hot that she felt d_7He picked a m_ from the field8The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners a_9The compilers agreed upon a d_ of the textbook into twelve units10The excitement quickened my p_答案：1radioactive2punctuation3applaud4skilful5wrinkles6dizzy7melon8accelerate9division10pulse,
