1、.词汇过关1_n. 宗教；宗教信仰_adj.2_n. 学说；理论3_adj. 猛烈的；激烈的_n. 暴力；暴行4_n. 大气层；气氛5_prep. 不同；不像_(反义词)6_adj. 有害的_n_v.7_vi. 生存；存在_n.8_n. 谜；难题_vt. & vi. 迷惑；为难,答案：1.religion; religious2.theory3.violent; violence4.atmosphere5.unlike; like6.harmful; harm; harm7.exist; existence8.puzzle; puzzle,.短语自查1in all directions_2及时
2、；终于_3下蛋_4产生；分娩_5轮到某人；接着_6阻止；制止_7依靠；取决于_答案：1.向四面八方2.in time3.lay eggs4.give birth to5.in ones turn6.prevent.from7.depend on,.句式翻译1What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe._答案：它(地球)将成为什么样子一直是个谜，直到4538亿年以前这些尘埃凝聚成一个固体球体。,2Th
3、e earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not._答案：地球变得如此动荡激烈，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。,3So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved._答案：所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。,.语篇理解,答案：1.a
4、toms2.dust3.globe4.atmosphere5fundamental6.plants7.shellfish8.animals9reptiles10.mammals,.单词突破1theory1)学说Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论2)理论His theory had a great influence on science.3)in theory 理论上,【牛刀小试】翻译句子Your plan is good in theory, but does it work in practice?_答案：你的计划在理论上不错，但实施起来行吗？,2vio
5、lent(adj.) 1)暴力的；强暴的Not a few violent scenes were cut from the film before it came to show.这部影片在放映前剪去了不少暴力镜头。2)感情强烈的；激情的；由激情引起的There was a violent reaction from the public.公众的反应强烈。3)猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的I took a violent dislike to him.我很讨厌他。,4)强烈的；鲜艳夺目的Her dress was violent pink.她的连衣裙是非常鲜艳的粉红色。,【知识拓展】violence
6、(n.) 1)U(against sb) 暴力，暴行Is there too much sex and violence on TV?电视上有太多的色情和暴力吗？2)狂热；激情；激烈的力量The violence of her feelings surprised him.她感情之强烈使他吃惊。,【牛刀小试】翻译句子Some people met a violent death at the hand of the mob in the Tibetan incident._答案：在西藏事件中，有些人惨死在暴徒手中。,3atmosphere(n.)1)(围绕地球的)大气；大气层；大气圈The f
7、irststage vehicle is used to launch the rocket and is then jettisoned in the upper atmosphere.第一级运载火箭是用来发射火箭的， 进入高层大气后即抛掉。 2)C(房间、封闭空间或某处的)空气 These plants love warm, humid atmosphere.这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。,3)C&U 气氛； 氛围The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in.她一进来气氛就变了。,【牛刀小试】(2008湖北22)The top leaders
8、 of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.AatmosphereBstateCsituation Dphenomenon答案：A句意：两国领导人在非常友好的氛围里谈话。而state和situation强调客观的环境条件。phenomenon指“现象”。,4unlike adj.1)不同的；不相似的Music is quite unlike any other art form.音乐与其他艺术形式迥然不同。Unlike most people in the office, I dont come to work by car.和
9、办公室大多数同事不同，我不是开车上班。2)不等的unlike amounts of money 不相等的金额unlike prep. 不像，和不同The picture is quite unlike him.这张照片一点不像他。,【词语辨析】unlike，dislike(1)unlike是介词与形容词，表示“与不同”。(2)dislike是动词与名词，表示“不喜欢”。,【牛刀小试】用unlike或dislike填空_John, Tom_playing football.答案：unlike; dislikes句意：与约翰不同，汤姆不喜欢踢足球。,5harmful(adj.)(to sb/sth
10、)(尤指对健康或环境)有害的；导致损害的It is harmful to your health to drink too much.过量喝酒对你的身体有害。It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。,【知识拓展1】1)harmless(adj.)(to sb/sth)无害的；不会导致损伤的The bacterta is harmless to humans.这种细菌对人无害。不会引起不快的；无恶意的Its just a bit of harmless fun.开个小玩笑罢了，并没
11、恶意的。,2)harmUn. 伤害；损伤A few late nights never did anyone any harm.熬几个晚上对任何人绝无害处。 v. 伤害；损伤He would never harm anyone.他永远不会伤害任何人。,【知识拓展2】do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利out of harms way 在安全的地方There is no harm in(sbs)doing sth 做某事无害处It does no harm(for sb)to do sth 做某事无害处,【牛刀小试】翻
12、译句子(1)Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth._(2)He may say no, but there is no harm in asking._答案：(1)果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。,6multiply v.1)(使某人/某物)繁殖，增殖Rabbits here multiply rapidly.这里的兔子繁殖得很快。2)增多，增加(某事物)Our problems have multiplied since last year.自去年以来我们的问题增多了。3)乘2 and 3 multiply t
13、o make 6.2和3相乘等于6。,【知识拓展】divide vt. 使相除add v. 增加，添加subtract vt. 减去，扣除【巧学助记】Friendships multiply joys and divide griefs.友谊倍增欢乐，分担悲愁。,【牛刀小试】(1)It has already proved that smoking can_the risk of heart attack and other health problems.Atake BdevelopCmultiply Dimprove答案：C句意：已经得到证明，吸烟会大大增加患心脏病的危险和其他健康问题的危
14、险。此句用multiply表示“使成倍增加”。,(2)During hot summers, the germs_quickly, and can produce food poisoning.Aaffect BdevelopCexpand Dmultiply答案：D句意：在炎热的夏季，细菌迅速繁殖，会引起食物中毒。affect“影响”；develop“发展”；expand“膨胀”；multiply“繁殖”。,7exist vi. 生存；存在The problem only exists in your head, Jane.这个问题不过是你的想象，筒。We cant exist withou
15、t food or water.没有食物和水我们就不能生存。,【知识拓展】1)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 开始存在，形成bring into existence 使产生；使成立Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?你相信有鬼吗？This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.这是现存的最古老的希伯来语手稿。,2)exist in 生存exist on 靠活下去，靠生存Few of these monkeys still exist in the wi
16、ld.这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。They cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。3)existent adj. 存在的；实有的n. 存在(或实有)的事物,【牛刀小试】翻译句子The problem only exists in your head, Mike._答案：迈克，这个问题不过是你的想象。,8puzzlea)n.1)难题；谜Tom is clever enough to solve puzzles.汤姆很聪明，能解决很多难题。The meaning of the poem has always been a puzzl
17、e.那首诗的含义如终是个谜。,2)拼板玩具；测验智力的玩具A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into bits, and you must make the picture again.拼板玩具是一个被分割成块的图，你必须再把这图拼起来。b)vt. 使迷惑What puzzles me is why they didnt turn up.令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。,【知识拓展1】puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的Thats really a puzzling problem.那
18、真是一个令人费解的问题。She was listening with a puzzled expression on her face.她脸上带着困惑的表情倾听着。,【知识拓展2】be in a puzzle 不知如何是好crossword puzzle 填字游戏jigsaw puzzle 拼板玩具puzzle about 苦思冥想puzzle out 仔细考虑，设法想出puzzle over 苦苦思考,【牛刀小试】The_look on her face suggested she_the_maths problem.Apuzzled; be puzzled by; puzzlingBpuz
19、zling; was puzzled by; puzzledCpuzzled; was puzzling over; puzzlingDpuzzling; be puzzled over; puzzled答案：Cpuzzled多叙述人的感受，puzzled look“感到困惑的表情”。第二个空填入was puzzling over表示“苦思”，与主语she是主谓关系；第三个空填入puzzling修饰maths problem，表示“让人感到困惑的数学题”。,.短语精讲1in time1)(for sth/to do sth) 来得及；及时If you catch the early bus,
20、youll get there in time.如果你赶上早班车，你会及时到达那儿的。Will we be in time for the six clock train?我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。,2)sooner or later 经过一段时间之后；迟早；最后；终于Keep on working, and youll succeed in time.继续工作，你早晚会成功的。They learned to accept their st
21、epmother in time.过了一段时间，他们终于学会了接受他们的继母。,【知识拓展】1)on time 准时；按时The rain kept us from getting there on time.那场雨使我们不能准时到达那里。2)in(less than/next to) no time(at all) 短暂(或快)得令人吃惊；立刻；马上；一会儿I have a few dictionaries at hand. I can get the meaning of the phrase for you in no time.我手头有几本词典。马上就可查到那个短语的意思。3)at a
22、 time 每次；逐一；依次Do not attend to two things at a time.不要同时做两件事。,4)all the time| the whole time(在某段时间里)一直 ；始终Ive kept on thinking about that all the time.我一直惦记着这件事。5)(at) any time 随时； 无论何时He is likely to arrive at any time.他可能随时会到。,6)at the same time同时；一起Can you watch television and do your homework at
23、 the same time? 你能同时看电视和做功课吗？(用以引出必须予以考虑的相对情况) 同时；也；然而；不过She didnt like to spend any more money. At the same time, she wanted to go on the trip.她不喜欢再花钱，但是她想去旅行。,7)at one time 曾经(一度)At one time we met very often.有一个时期我们常常见面。 8)at times有时；间或I like Bob but hes very annoying at times.我喜欢鲍勃，但是他有时也很烦人。9)f
24、rom time to time不时；有时；偶尔；间或I only go to the cinema from time to time.我只是偶尔去看看电影。,10)take your time(over sth)|take your time to do sth/doing sth从容不迫；慢慢来Theres no rushtake your time.别着急，慢慢来。迟到；慢慢腾腾；磨磨蹭蹭Granny is tired, so shes taking her time to walk upstairs.奶奶累了，所以上楼走得很慢。,【牛刀小试】(1)If you keep on, yo
25、ull succeed_. Ain time Bat one timeCat the same time Don time答案：A句意：继续努力，你迟早会成功的。in timesooner or later“经过一段时间之后；迟早；最后；终于”；例如：Youll learn how to do it in time. 你早晚能学会做这件事的。,(2)Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?Of course._， sir.AMake yourself at homeBEnjoy yourselfCIt does
26、nt matterDTake your time,答案：D此对话发生在顾客和饭店服务员之间。Take your time.“不忙，不急，慢慢来” ；常用于安慰对方。Make yourself at home. “随便，不要拘束”，属于“家宴”就餐用语客人到家中来，主人招待客人用语；Enjoy yourself.“请享用”(饭菜端上来后，服务员提供服务时可以这么说)或“玩得高兴，快乐”；It doesnt matter.“没关系”属于道歉用语。,2give birth to1)生(孩子)，产(仔)She gave birth to a girl last night.昨晚她生了一个女孩 。2)产
27、生，引起give birth to a dispute 引起一场争吵【知识拓展】give birth 生孩子，产仔give birth at home 在家分娩,【牛刀小试】翻译句子It was the study of history that gave birth to the social science._答案：对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。,3in ones turn 轮到某人；接着Tom will be on duty in his turn tonight.今晚轮到汤姆值班了。This week I am to do the housework in my turn.这一周该我做家
28、务了。,【知识拓展】1)by turns 轮流；交替The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns.兄弟俩轮流照看他们生病的母亲。She was laughing and crying by turns for nearly half an hour.她一会儿哭，一会儿笑，差不多有半个小时。,2)in turn 依次；转而Each man in turn stood up and spoke.每个人依次站起来发言。Ill see you all in turn.我将一个一个地去看望你们。3)Its ones turn to do
29、 sth 轮到某人做某事Its your turn to wash the dishes.今天轮到你洗盘子了。,【牛刀小试】His father died in a car accident. He stayed with his mother till nearly midnight, comforting her and being comforted_.Ain public Bin returnCin vain Din turn答案：D句意：他父亲死于一场交通事故。他一直与妈妈呆到将近半夜，安慰她，也反过来得到她的安慰。in public“在公共场合下”；in return“作为回报”；
30、in vain“徒劳地”；in turn“依次；反过来”。,4prevent.from.阻止某人干His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrows game.背伤有可能会影响他明天参赛。He is prevented by law from holding a licence.法律不准他有执照。,【知识拓展】protect.from.保护；使不受侵害注意：prevent/stop sb(from)doing结构中from可以省略，而keep sb from doing中from不可省略；但在被动句中，这几个结构中的from均不能
31、省略。,【牛刀小试】He made up his mind to devote his life_pollution_happily.Ato prevent; to liveBto prevent; from livingCto preventing; to liveDto preventing; from living,答案：C第一空涉及的结构是devote.to.“把奉献给”，其中to是介词，而不是不定式符号；第二空从表面上看涉及的是prevent.from.结构，但其实不是。因为在prevent sb/sth from doing sth“阻止某人/某事做某事”这一句型中，prevent
32、后的宾语(sb/sth)应与其后的动名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而上面例句中的“污染”与“生活愉快”没有这种关系，所以不适宜用prevent.from.结构。,5depend on/upon sth 受的影响；由决定；取决于It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.一切都取决于她喜欢还是不喜欢这个老板。But that all depends on the specific circumstances.不过，那要看具体情况而定。,【知识拓展】1)depend on/upon sb/sth依赖；依靠He knew he could dep
33、end on/upon her to deal with the situation.他知道可以依靠她来应付这种局面。确信；相信；指望You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的诚实。,2)depend on/upon sb/sth(for sth) 需要；依靠(提供资金、帮助等)Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物生长靠太阳。,3)that depend
34、s| it(all) depends 那得看情况；视情形而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。 Is he coming?That depends. He may not have the time.“他来吗？”“那要看情况，他不一定有时间。”,【牛刀小试】(1)How long are you staying?I dont know._.AThats OK BNever mindCIt depends DIt doesnt matter 答案：C句意：“你打算待多久？”“
35、我也不知道，视情形而定吧。”That/It(all)depends. 表示“那得看情况；视情形而定”。Thats OK.是对感谢和道歉的应答；Never mind.和It doesnt matter.是对道歉的应答。,(2)How often do you eat out?_， but usually once a week.AHave no idea BIt dependsCAs usual DGenerally speaking答案：B句意：“你们多久出去吃一次饭？” “ 视情形而定吧，通常每周一次。”,.句式点击1No one knows exactly how the earth be
36、gan, as it happened so long ago.没有人准确地知道地球的起源，因为那发生在很久以前。【知识剖析】本句为复合句，as引导的从句表示原因。,【词语辨析】since, because, as, for(1)since表示听者或读者已知的原因，即表达已知信息。(2)because表示听者未知的原因，可回答why的提问，也可用在强调句型中成为被强调成分，而其他几个词则无此用法。(3)as与since接近，但原因程度比since更强烈。,(4)for并不表示直接原因，只是为主句所说的话提供推断的理由，引导的分句不能放在句首。Since we are here, we shou
37、ld work hard.既然来了，我们就应当努力工作。I dont want it because it is too big.我不想要它，因为它太大了。It was because he was ill that he didnt go to the party.他是因为生病了才没有去参加聚会。,As we had no money on us we couldnt buy anything to eat.因为没有钱，我们不能买东西吃。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，鸟在叫。,【知识拓展】as除了引导原因状语从句外，还可引导时间状
38、语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和定语从句。Consumers who hit the shop will be rewarded discount as much as 80% as the shops join in the sales craziness.(时间)随着商家加入到甩卖狂潮中，光顾商店的消费者可获得高达百分之八十的打折优惠。Do everything as you have been told.(方式)告诉你怎么做就怎么做。,Young as she is, she knows much.(让步)虽然她还小，她知道的却很多。As we all know, Tom is go
39、od at English but poor in maths.(定语)正如我们大家所知道的，汤姆擅长英语，但数学不好。,【牛刀小试】(1)(2008山东22)He found it increasingly difficult to read，_his eyesight was beginning to fail.Athough BforCbut Dso答案：B前一分句说他发现读书越来越困难了，后一分句解释原因，四个词中只有for用来解释原因。,(2)(2008北京23)Did you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorro
40、w.Athough BunlessCwhen Dbecause答案：D从句子之间的关系看，第二句意为“因为我明天要去看他了，所以没有必要回电话”。though表让步关系，unless表条件，when表时间，because表原因。,(3)(2007重庆34)_， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.AStrange as might it soundBAs it might sound strangeCAs strange it might soundDStrange as it might sound答案：Das引导让步
41、状语从句时，从句须用倒装语序，其结构为：adj./adv./n.as主语句子其他成分。,(4)Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada，_this was a memory she especially treasured.Aas BifCwhen Dwhere答案：A本题考查原因状语从句，用as。句意为“，因为这是她特别珍惜的一段记忆”。其他三项都不表示原因。,2What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billi
42、on years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么是不确定的，直到4538亿年以前这些尘埃凝聚成一个固体球体。it was to become. 属于“be不定式”结构；此结构常用来表示：,a)表示受某人指示、安排或按规章制度、客观规律将要发生的事。The President is to attend the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.总统将参加奥运会的开幕式。Their daughter is to be married soon.他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。How am
43、 I to pay off my debt?我怎么可能还清我的债务呢？,b)表示命令、吩咐、禁止等。The form is to be filled in and returned within three weeks.请于三周内将表格填好并返还。You are to eat all your supper before you watch TV.你得吃完晚饭后才能看电视。Here is the message for you from your adviser: you are to go to her office after class.你的指导老师给你一个口信：要你下课后到她的办公室去。,【牛刀小试】(1)No one_this building without the permission of the police.Ais leaving Bis to leaveChas left Dwill be leaving答案：B句意：未经警方人员的允许，任何人不得擅自离开这所房子。“be不定式”结构，表示命令、吩咐、禁止等。,
