1、Grammar,Unit 5 Music,制作老师: 李胜文,The Attributive Clause,有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语作用的从句, 叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词, 从句跟在先行词后面。 定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语序, 关系代词有: who, whom, whose, which, that, as等; 关系副词有when, where, why等。,关系代词有双重功能, 一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词, 把从句与先行词连接起来; 另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。,关系代词之物时只用which不用th
2、at的情况,(1) 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which, 但当介词在从句句尾时, 两者皆可。 This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. = This is the question which / that weve had so much discussion about.,(2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。 This is the book which/that Im looking for. They have invited me to visit
3、 their country, which is very kind of them.,当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时, 介词不可以提前。,1. 关系副词where之地点, 在从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where he lived.2. 关系副词when指时间, 在从句中作时间状语。 Ill never forget the days when we played together.,3. 关系副词why指原因, 在从句中作原因状语。 He explained the reason why he was
4、late.注意: 关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=for which,“介词+关系代词”in/with/on/by+ which/whom,1.单个介词+关系代词(whom, which)介词确定依据:1)依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定2)依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定The two thing of which they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A harvester is a man who
5、is harvesting or a machine with which we harvest crops.,There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only limp along. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.,注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开,如look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。例：The babies (who/whom) t
6、he nurses look after look strong and happy.,2.复杂介词+关系代词(which, whom, whose)常用复杂介词:as a result, at the back of ,because of, in front of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of,3.单个介词+关系代词(which, whose)+名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定,He lived in London for three months, during whi
7、chtime he learned some English.Our English teacher, with whose help we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.,4.the+名词+of+关系代词(which, whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系,This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr Jones.=This is the book, whose cover is designed
8、by Mr Jones.=This is the book, of which the cover is designed by Mr Jones.,5.部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词,部分词汇/结构:1,all, both, none ,neither ,either, many, most, few, several, enough, half, some, any , one, two, three, the majority, a number, the youngest, 2,数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数)+名词3, the+形容词最高级/比较级Here are two pai
9、rs of socks, either of which you may choose.The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.,Discovering useful structures Find out the attributive clauses in the reading passage.,1. , at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?2. , for whom practising their music
10、 in someones house is he first step to fame.,3. , for which they are paid in cash.4. , most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5. in which they became more serious about their work,6. , with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.,Ex 2,1. I remember the day when our band was f
11、ormed as if it was yesterday.2. The guitar with which Dave composed our first hit is in a music museum.3. The name by which we were to become famous was chosen by Mikes mum.,4. The show at which we played our first hits was in America. 5. The singer with whom we practised the most was Freddy.6. The
12、musicians in whom we have great interest toured Europe with us.,Exercise 3,of which, who, at which, for which, in which, during /in which, without whom,定语从句考点归纳,1.that 与which,1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?,that,that,先行词是everything, nothing, anyth
13、ing, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, o
14、nly, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that 。,1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.,先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .,that,that,Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?,who做先行词时，引导定语从
15、句用that,that,1.Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,This is the book_ which you asked.,注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前,for,The old
16、 man whom I am looking after is better .,如何判断介词,2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,3)根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行词 搭配,This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.,in the front of,whose 引导的定语从句,表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with tree
17、s flows to the sea.,whose,3 Whose 的使用,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose,The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is
18、round.,as,As,It,4 as 的使用,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so
19、interesting a book _we all like it.,that,that,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,1 It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been said before.,which,2 _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.,As,as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像, which 则没有此义。, Ill never forget the day _ we first
20、 met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. This is the museum _I visited last year .,when,whichthat,whichthat,whichthat,5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分,This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she ga
21、ve was not true.,whythat,which/that,指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,6 定语从句中的动词的数,He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise.,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,Correct the mistakes,1.
22、Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.,whom,whose,who,5. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.6. Th
23、e man whom I spoke is from Canada.7. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,to,that,8. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.9. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.,which,who,10. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful
24、English lessons in our school.,gives,11. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.12.The bike by which I travelled was his.,as,on,1. George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name,高考链接,D,解析: 答案D。whose引
25、导定语从句时, 只能在从句中作定语, 其他各项均构不成定语从句。,2. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which,D,解析: 答案D。whose引导定语从句时,只能在从句中作定语, 其他各项均构不成定语从句。,3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that
26、C. in the way D. the way which,A,解析: 答案A。the way后的定语从句可用in which或that引导, 也可全省略。,4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which,D,解析: 答案D。without + which引导定语从句。,5. (NMET2004) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a gre
27、at success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,6. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. Which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose,7. (89上海) The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A.
28、about which B. of which C. in which D. for which,8. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom9. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them,注意: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。,Homework,Read the grammar items in Appendices.Do Exercise 4 on P37 as homework.Do the rest exercise in WB.,Thank you!,
